大学英语四级分类模拟题474及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 474 及答案解析(总分：178.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：16.50)1.Adequate Preparation Should Be Given to Exams 1如今不少大学生在考试前不做充分的准备 2出现这种现象的原因是 3为了改变这种状况，我认为 （分数：16.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as c

2、hildren grow older. This goes against the notion most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences be

3、tween people pile up in life,“ says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.“ Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin“s team pooled data

4、from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetic to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “g“. Each study also includ

5、ed both identical twins, with same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to disentangle (分清) the contributions of genes and environment to their “g“ scores. Plomin“s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in int

6、elligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adulthood, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older; they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic nee

7、ds, and says “Kids with high “g“ will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded.“ Children with medium to low “g“ may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasising their genetic legacy. Is there any way to interfere with the

8、 pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn“t mean at all that there“s nothing you can do about it,“ says Susanne Jaeggi. “From our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training.“ Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphas

9、ised if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children“s natural abilities. “My inclination (倾向) would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,“ he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees, “It shows that educators n

10、eed to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.“（分数：71.00）(1).Most people think the intelligence increases _.（分数：14.20）A.are affected more by environment than the genetic legacy with ageB.should be attributed more to the contribution that genes make with ageC.are closely connecte

11、d with the genetic legacy with ageD.go against the implication of the education with age(2).What information can we get from the previous studies about intelligence?（分数：14.20）A.Genetic effect on intelligence goes down with age.B.Cognitive ability grows with people aging.C.Environment contributes mor

12、e to one“s g scores.D.Genetics in part leads to variations in intelligence.(3).What can be inferred from the calculation got by Plomin“s team?（分数：14.20）A.The younger the people, the greater the role genes play in intelligence variations.B.The genes play a greater and greater role in intelligence var

13、iations with age increasing.C.The younger the people, the greater the variations in intelligence.D.The older the people, the greater the variations in intelligence.(4).What can be known from the sixth paragraph?（分数：14.20）A.The entertainment chosen by kids with low “g“ may be less challenging.B.Child

14、ren want better environment to suit their genetic needs with age.C.The older a child becomes, the better his cognitive ability is.D.Kids with high cognitive ability stress genetic legacy more.(5).What does Susanne Jaeggi want to express by saying “the ones, lower IQ. after training“?（分数：14.20）A.Chil

15、dren with lower IQ should be paid more attention to than those with high IQ scores.B.Children with lower IQ can do nothing because of the evidence of strong heritability.C.Children with medium to low “g“ can chose challenging activities after training.D.The medium or low “g“ has close relationship w

16、ith one“s IQ scores.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumorsor doesn“t it? While such vigilant (警觉的) tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questio

17、ning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it“s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing. In many cases, screening can lead to surgeries to remov

18、e cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients“ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening fo

19、r breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups. It“s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years o

20、f life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must

21、be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy (预期寿命). A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screeningespecially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population. It“s not an easy calcu

22、lation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care.“ That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the mi

23、sguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.（分数：71.00）(1).Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?（分数：14.20）A.It is believed to contribute to long life.B.It is part of their health care package.C.The elderly are more sensitive about their heal

24、th.D.The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.(2).How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?（分数：14.20）A.It adds too much to their medical bills.B.It helps increase their life expectancy.C.They are doubtful about its necessity.D.They think it does more harm

25、 than good.(3).What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?（分数：14.20）A.It applies to women over 50.B.It is a must for adult women.C.It is optional for young women.D.It doesn“t apply to women over 74.(4).Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?（分数：14.20）A.

26、They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.B.They want to take advantage of the medical care system.C.They want data for medical research.D.They want their patients to suffer less.(5).What does the author say is the general view about health care?（分数：14.20）A.The more, the better.B.Prev

27、ention is better than cure.C.Better early than late.D.Better care, longer life.六、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.中国汽车业中国的汽车业在近 30 年间取得了巨大的成就。在 20 世纪 70 年代，中国每年生产的轿车还不足 3000 辆。而在去年，我国轿车的产销量都突破了 1000 万辆，位居全球之首。中国的品牌车已经有了长足的进步。一些中国的一流厂家，如 上汽集团 (SAIC)和 吉利汽车 (Geely)，正开始在国外推出品牌。去年他们出口了 90 万辆轿车，而这个数量还会不断

28、增加。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 474 答案解析(总分：178.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：16.50)1.Adequate Preparation Should Be Given to Exams 1如今不少大学生在考试前不做充分的准备 2出现这种现象的原因是 3为了改变这种状况，我认为 （分数：16.50）_正确答案：()解析：Adequate Preparation Should Be Given to ExamsAs is known to all, quite some college students seldo

29、m take exams with adequate preparation, which leads to low marks or even failure in the exams. The reasons for this phenomenon lie in many aspects. In the first place, college students nowadays attach less importance to marks and exams. Second, college students are occupied by so many activities tha

30、t they can just spare little time for exam preparation. In addition, some teachers fail to be strict with the students, which encourages students to .neglect the exams. To solve this problem, I think both students and teachers should play their parts. On the one hand, students should have a proper a

31、ttitude towards exam preparation, through which they can have a better command of the knowledge. On the other hand, teachers ought to control the exams more strictly.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow

32、 older. This goes against the notion most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people

33、 pile up in life,“ says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.“ Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin“s team pooled data from six sep

34、arate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetic to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “g“. Each study also included both iden

35、tical twins, with same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to disentangle (分清) the contributions of genes and environment to their “g“ scores. Plomin“s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. I

36、n adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adulthood, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older; they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says

37、 “Kids with high “g“ will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded.“ Children with medium to low “g“ may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasising their genetic legacy. Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Pe

38、rhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn“t mean at all that there“s nothing you can do about it,“ says Susanne Jaeggi. “From our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training.“ Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasised if all

39、children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children“s natural abilities. “My inclination (倾向) would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,“ he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees, “It shows that educators need to steer

40、 kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.“（分数：71.00）(1).Most people think the intelligence increases _.（分数：14.20）A.are affected more by environment than the genetic legacy with age B.should be attributed more to the contribution that genes make with ageC.are closely connected with the

41、genetic legacy with ageD.go against the implication of the education with age解析：解析 根据题干中的 most people 和 intelligence increases 将本题出处定位于第 1 段前两句。 第 1 段第 1 句指出，基因使智力随年龄而增长。第 2 句接着说这一说法与多数人认为的“环境对我们的影响逐渐超过基因”的观点相左。由此可知，多数人认为随着年龄的增长，环境因素对智力的影响大于遗传因素。四个选项中与此意相吻合的是 A。其他几个选项与文意不符。(2).What information can w

42、e get from the previous studies about intelligence?（分数：14.20）A.Genetic effect on intelligence goes down with age.B.Cognitive ability grows with people aging.C.Environment contributes more to one“s g scores.D.Genetics in part leads to variations in intelligence. 解析：解析 根据题干中的 previous studies 将本题出处定位于

43、第 3 段第 1 句。 第 3 段第 1 句提到，之前的研究已表明智力方面的变化至少有部分要归因于遗传。四个选项中与此意相符合的是 D。A 是人们的一种观点而非研究发现；B、C 文中未提到。(3).What can be inferred from the calculation got by Plomin“s team?（分数：14.20）A.The younger the people, the greater the role genes play in intelligence variations.B.The genes play a greater and greater role

44、 in intelligence variations with age increasing. C.The younger the people, the greater the variations in intelligence.D.The older the people, the greater the variations in intelligence.解析：解析 根据题干中的 calculation 和 Plomin“s team 将本题出处定位于第 5 段。 文章第 5 段提到了普洛明小组的研究结果：在智力的变化方面，童年时期，基因的影响占 41%；青少年时期，基因的影响增加

45、到 55%；成年早期，基因的影响占到 66%。由此可推断，基因在人的智力变化方面的影响是随年龄的增长而增加的。所以该题答案是 B。A 与文意相反。C 和 D 是说智力变化与年龄增长之间的关系，与普洛明研究的内容不符，不能作为答案。(4).What can be known from the sixth paragraph?（分数：14.20）A.The entertainment chosen by kids with low “g“ may be less challenging. B.Children want better environment to suit their geneti

46、c needs with age.C.The older a child becomes, the better his cognitive ability is.D.Kids with high cognitive ability stress genetic legacy more.解析：解析 根据题干中的 the sixth paragraph 将本题出处定位于第 6 段。 第 6 段最后一句提到，认知能力为中下等水平的孩子可能选择不太具挑战性的游戏和活动，A 与此意一致，故为答案。第 1 句提到，普洛明指出随着孩子年龄的增长，他们能更好地开拓和掌控环境来适应他们基因的需求，B 是对 b

47、etter 一词的误解，可排除。C 属于脱离原文的主观臆断。D 的 stress 是对本段最后一句中 emphasising 的替换，但本项曲解了原文的意思。(5).What does Susanne Jaeggi want to express by saying “the ones, lower IQ. after training“?（分数：14.20）A.Children with lower IQ should be paid more attention to than those with high IQ scores.B.Children with lower IQ can d

48、o nothing because of the evidence of strong heritability.C.Children with medium to low “g“ can chose challenging activities after training. D.The medium or low “g“ has close relationship with one“s IQ scores.解析：解析 根据题干中的 Susanne Jaeggi 和 the ones.lower IQ.after training 将本题出处定位于倒数第三段最后一句。 倒数第三段第 1 句提到，有什么方式能影响这一模式吗?分析上下文可知这一模式即指倒数第四段最后一句提到的“认知能力为中下等水平的孩子可能选择不太具有挑战性的游戏和活动”。倒数第三段第 2 句苏珊贾基说遗传影响较大的证据并不意味着人们无法改变这一模式，他们的研究发现，一开始智商低的人，经过训练后会获得高的智商值，由此可知贾基说这句话的目的应该是想说明一开始智商低的人经过训练后能够选择具有挑战性的游戏和活动，故 C 符合文意。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age.