大学英语四级-302及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级-302 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)A middle-aged woman took a seat opposite me. She was crying. Not speaking to anyone in particular, she tearfully 1 her story. She had come to the city to visit her daughter. On the way to the 2 , a

2、thief had snatched one of her bags. It had contained half of the money she“d brought with her. The other half was 3 in a hankie (手帕) and hidden under her blouse, so she fortunately still had some money left. The bus conductor, driver, and other passengers listened to her tale. After a few minutes, s

3、he stopped crying, removed some cheese bread from her bag, and began to eat, worry still 4 her brow. An old man in 5 clothes got on the bus. He sat in the seat directly in front of the woman. After a few minutes, all seats were taken. The driver got behind the 6 and started the 7 . The bus conductor

4、 collected tickets and began asking us where we were getting off. When he came to the old man“s seat, he became 8 and asked the old man whether he had any money. The old man admitted that he did not. He explained that he had spent all his money this morning when he“d 9 got on the 10 bus and now he w

5、as trying to go home. Upon hearing this, the bus conductor ordered the old man to get off the bus. A. terminal B. rolled C. shabby D. termination E. weaving F. decant G. suspicious H. wrong I. knitting J. occasionally K. accidentally L. narrated M. engine N. wheel O. generous（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题

6、数：1，分数：35.00)EarthquakesA An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as mock-solid and completely stable. An earthquake can shatter (粉碎) that perception instantly, and often with extreme violence. B Up until relatively

7、recently, scientists only had unproven guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century. Scientists have identified the forces

8、 that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquake“s magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a way of predicting earthquakes, so they don“t catch people by surprise. In this article, we“ll find out what causes earthquakes, and we“ll also find out why they can h

9、ave such a devastating effect on us. C An earthquake is a vibration (震动) that travels through the earth“s crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini earthquake, if you feel your house shaking as it goes by; but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affe

10、ct a fairly large area, such as an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes: volcanic eruptions, meteor (流星) impacts, underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example), collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine). But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquake

11、s are caused by movements of the earth“s plates. D We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than three million earthquakes occur every year. That“s about 8,000

12、a day, or one every 11 seconds. The vast majority of these three million quakes are extremely weak. The law of probability also causes a good number of stronger quakes to happen in uninhabited places where no one feels them. It is the big quakes that occur in highly populated areas that get our atte

13、ntion. E Earthquakes have caused a great deal of property damages over the years, and they have claimed many lives. In the last hundred years alone, there have been more than 1.5 million earthquake-related fatalities. Usually, it“s not the shaking ground itself that claims lives; it“s the associated

14、 destruction of man-made structures and other natural disasters it causes, such as tsunamis, avalanches (雪崩) and landslides. F The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismologythe study of earthquakescame in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theory of plate t

15、ectonics (筑造学). Scientists proposed the idea of plate tectonics to explain a number of peculiar phenomena on earth, such as the apparent movement of continents over time, the clustering of volcanic activity in certain areas and the presence of huge ridges at the bottom of the ocean. G The basic theo

16、ry is that the surface layer of the earththe lithosphere (地壳)is comprised of many plates that slide over the lubricating (润滑的) asthenosphere layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen. H Plates can move apart. If the two plates are moving a

17、part from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere. This magma (岩浆) comes out on the surface (mostly at the bottom of the ocean), where it is called lava (熔岩). As the lava cools, it hardens to form new lithosphere material, filling in the gap. This is cal

18、led a divergent plate boundary. I Plates can push together. If the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. This plate below sinks into the lower mantle layers, where it melts. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a position to

19、 push under the other, so they both push against each other to form mountains. The line where plates push toward each other is called convergent plate boundary. J Plates can slide against each other. At other boundaries, plates simply slide by each otherone moves north and one moves south, for examp

20、le. While the plates don“t drift directly into each other at these transform boundaries, they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary. K We understand earthquakes a lot better than we did even 50 years ago, but we still can“t do much about them. They are caused by

21、 fundamental, powerful geological processes that are far beyond our control. These processes are also fairly unpredictable, so it“s not possible at this time to tell people exactly when an earthquake is going to occur. The first detected earthquake waves will tell us that more powerful vibrations ar

22、e on their way, but this only gives us a few minutes“ warning, at most. L So what can we do about earthquakes? The major advances over the past 50 years have been in preparedness, particularly in the field of construction engineering. In 1973, the Uniform Building Code, an international set of stand

23、ards for building construction, added specifications to strengthen buildings against the force of earthquake waves. This includes strengthening support material as well as designing buildings so they are flexible enough to absorb vibrations without falling or deteriorating. It“s very important to de

24、sign structures that can undergo this sort of attack, particularly in earthquake-prone areas. M Another component of preparedness is educating the public. The United States Geological Survey and other government agencies have produced several brochures explaining the processes involved in an earthqu

25、ake and giving instructions on how to prepare your house for a possible earthquake, as well as what to do when a quake hits. N In the future, improvements in prediction and preparedness should further minimize the loss of life and property associated with earthquakes. But it will be a long time, if

26、ever, before we“ll be ready for every substantial earthquake that might occur. Just like severe weather and diseases, earthquakes are an unavoidable force generated by the powerful natural processes that shape our planet. All we can do is increase our understanding of the phenomenon and develop bett

27、er ways to deal with it.（分数：35.00）(1).Earthquake-related fatalities are usually caused by buildings collapse and other ensuing natural disasters, not by the shaking ground itself.（分数：3.50）(2).Besides movements of the earth“s plates, other forces such as volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts and so on,

28、can also cause earthquakes.（分数：3.50）(3).Earthquakes actually occur every day; most of them are not big enough to get our attention.（分数：3.50）(4).People generally think the ground beneath their feet is completely stable, but earthquakes shatter that idea in no time.（分数：3.50）(5).We cannot prevent earth

29、quakes but we can actively find better ways to face them.（分数：3.50）(6).Earthquakes are hardly predictable, and people cannot be told when an earthquake is going to occur.（分数：3.50）(7).Scientists have found out forces that cause earthquakes through years of efforts.（分数：3.50）(8).Architects now have desi

30、gned flexible buildings to minimize the damages of earthquakes.（分数：3.50）(9).Scientists use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the apparent movement of continents over time.（分数：3.50）(10).The convergent plate boundary refer to the line where plates push toward each other.（分数：3.50）四、Section C(总题数

31、：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：17.50)In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns

32、to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from t

33、he pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to rest and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to

34、every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is availablebut whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter. Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a

35、 great number of peopleoften rather frightening-looking peopleand realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school, the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. The school will rightly expect the p

36、upil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils.（分数：17.50）(

37、1).Why do the pupils in the secondary school lose the free and easy ways of the primary school?（分数：3.50）A.Older pupils are superior to them.B.They are afraid of being punished by teachers.C.They feel that they need to behave more carefully.D.They should meet the needs of older pupils.(2).According t

38、o the passage, one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that _.（分数：3.50）A.they are taught by many different teachersB.they do not attend lessons in every subjectC.the teachers are not so friendly and helpfulD.the teachers give most attention to a few pupils(3).In secondary school

39、s, every pupil having problems should _.（分数：3.50）A.know how to ask for helpB.go to ask any teacher he can findC.discuss his problem in classD.turn to his parents for help(4).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：3.50）A.All the secondary schools know the way to encourage students“ requests fo

40、r help.B.The secondary schools are responsible for offering personal and group advice to new pupils.C.Secondary school pupils enjoy greater freedom in communicating with teachers and fellow pupils.D.Secondary school pupils can easily get the help they need.(5).It can be inferred from the passage tha

41、t the author is mainly concerned about _.（分数：3.50）A.academic standardsB.the role of specialist teachersC.the training of the individual teachersD.the personal development of pupils六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：17.50)American life has once again been greatly changed by the new age of science and technology

42、since the Second World War. Everything has speeded up to a tremendous rate. Information is immediate; nobody has to wait to hear any news. There is a television set in every house. There is instant printing. A computer can hold more than a million facts in its memory. It speeds up every operation be

43、cause it can immediately record, remember facts and produce new information that it combines with these facts. In the meantime, there are many new problems in American society. Because of the complex way of life, people are no longer the happy, self-reliant free people that they were when they were

44、pioneers, when they were conquering the new land. Now people are becoming more pessimistic. Very often they are lonely. Doctors are trying hard to help people find ways that they can be happy again. Often efficiency replaces good quality. There are cases where new factories are being put up and beau

45、tiful old trees are being cut down. There was a village where all the big trees were going to be cut down for a new factory. The people in the town all went and put their chairs around each tree. They sat in those chairs and would not move. So when the machines came to cut the trees, they would have

46、 to cut off the people“s legs first. In this way they were able to stop the machines. But more often than not the good land is being spoiled in the interests of technology and industry. We still have two classes of people. Too much money is still in the hands of too few people. The rich capitalists

47、no longer wear black hats and striped trousers. They have faces that nobody knows because now they are called the multinational corporations. They are the great faceless companies like General Motors, General Fords, United States Steel. There are no longer any faces like Mr. Rockefeller or Mr. Ford.

48、 They have become faceless forces, which control our government and the money. The poorest class is still mostly made up of black people, minority people, Spanish speaking Americans, and the poorest people have not benefited from the new age of science and technology. So Americans are no longer the

49、happy, carefree people that once were.（分数：17.50）(1).Which of the following is NOT a change brought about by the new age?（分数：3.50）A.Everything becomes increasingly tremendous.B.Information run surprisingly faster.C.Computers have been brought into use.D.The application of instant printing has been realized.(2).Why are people pessimistic and lonely in the modern American society?（分数：3.50）A.Because they are no longer pioneers.B.Because they are becoming more and more self-reliant.C.Because how their future will be is difficult to tell.D.Because t