大学英语四级48及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级 48 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Functions of a University Education. You should write no more than 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese

2、below: 1. 有人认为大学教育是为就业作准备 2. 也有人持不同的意见 3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈对大学教育功能的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Car Pollution Jump in the car, start your engine and youre off. But do you give any thought to whats coming out of the tailpipe as you go about your drive? Carbon dioxide is the dominant g

3、reenhouse gas that causes global warming. The effects of global warming are uncertain, but they potentially include disruption of global weather patterns and ecosystems, flooding, severe storm, and droughts. Carbon monoxide, when inhaled, combines with haemoglobin in our blood, impairing the flow of

4、 oxygen to our brain and other parts of the body. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and poisonous even to healthy people (at high levels). It can seriously affect people with heart disease, and can affect the central nervous system. Motor vehicles are the main source of carbon monoxide polluti

5、on in many countries. Sulphur oxides contribute to respiratory illness, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravate existing heart and lung diseases. It contributes to the formation of acid rain, which damages trees, crops, and buildings; and makes soils, lakes, and streams acidic. Nitro

6、gen oxide is a noxious pollutant. It is a lung irritant and reacts with compounds in the air to cause acid rain and ozone (the main reason for smog). Nitrogen oxide is one of the main ingredients involved in the formation of ground-level ozone (which can trigger serious respiratory problems), and co

7、ntributes to global warming. Particulate matter, consisting of tiny particles of smoke, soot and dust primarily from engines, car parts, tires, and diesel exhaust, are an established cause of lung problems, from shortness of breath to worsening of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, damage to lu

8、ng tissues, and cancer. The EPA estimates that particulate pollution kills more than 60,000 people per year. In addition, particulates are associated with increased hospital ad missions and emergency room visits for people with heart and lung disease, as well as work and school absences. Particulate

9、s can travel deep into the lungs, or in smaller form, directly into the bloodstream. Hydrocarbons, in their many forms, are directly hazardous, contributing to what are collectively called “air toxics.“ These compounds directly irritate the lung and other tissues, can cause cancer, contribute to bir

10、th defects, and cause other illnesses. Lead damages organs, affects the brain, nerves, heart, and blood. Although overall blood lead levels have decreased since 1976, urban areas with high levels of traffic or industrial facilities that burn fuel may still have high lead levels in air. In 1999, ten

11、areas of the country did not meet the national health-based air quality standards for lead. Hybrid cars use less gas, and therefore produce fewer emissions, than conventional cars. Take a look at the statistics below (based on a car travelling 14,000 miles per year). A conventional car produces 11,1

12、00 pounds of CO2 per year, compared with the 4,800 pounds of CO2 produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 330 pounds of carbon monoxide per year, compared with the 230 pounds produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 49 pounds of nitrogen oxide per year, compared with the 17

13、 pounds produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 670 grams of particulate matter per year, compared with the 240 grams produced by a hybrid car. A conventional car produces 29 pounds of hydrocarbons per year, compared with the 8 pounds produced by a hybrid car. Rolling Up Your Window Wo

14、nt Help Exposure to some car pollutants may be much higher inside your car than outside. Commuters driving in rush hour get the highest exposure, often from pollutants emitted by vehicles ahead of them. You are basically driving in and through - and contributing to - a lethal cocktail of air polluti

15、on. Other Impacts on the Environment When you think of pollution from cars, the first thing that comes to mind is noxious fumes. But the ,problems dont stop with air pollution. The environmental consequences associated with cars are much wider. Water Pollution Runoff of oil, automotive fluids, and r

16、oadway chemicals are estimated at hundreds of thousands of tons per year, and are considered the leading source of impairment to rivers. In addition, hundreds of thousands of potential leaks from underground fuel storage tanks threaten groundwater, and improperly disposed of used motor oil ends up i

17、n waterways. Noise Pollution Noise from car traffic, and loud car stereos and alarms, has become so ubiquitous that we barely notice it anymore - but its taking its toll. Recent census data indicates that 1 in 8 American households suffer from bothersome noise from the street or traffic. Problems re

18、lated to noise include hearing loss, stress, high blood pressure, sleep loss, distraction, and lost productivity, and a general reduction in the quality of life and opportunities for tranquility. Solid Waste Over 10 million automobiles are scrapped every year, creating approximately seven billion po

19、unds of unrecycled scrap and waste every year. Approximately 800 million tires are stockpiled in dumps around the country, creating a serious fire hazard and an ongoing environmental hazard. Every stockpiled tire sheds rubber each year, spewing minute grains of rubber into the atmosphere and back do

20、wn into the water supply and human lungs. Wildlife The Humane Society estimates that around a million animals die on U. S. roads every day. Agriculture Air and water pollution from vehicles compromises the growth, reproduction and over all health of plants, which are susceptible to disease, pests, a

21、nd environmental stress. It reduces agricultural yields for many economically important crops, such as soybean, wheat, and cotton. The Built-up Environment During the last century, an area roughly equal to all the arable land in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania was paved in the United States - requiti

22、ng maintenance costs of over $ 200 million a day and trapping us in large, sprawling and undesirable concrete jungles. Approximately one-third of an average citys land is devoted to roads and other car-related elements. Interstate highways cut through and divide countless neighborhoods, taking homes

23、 and destroying businesses. We add more and more roads, encouraging wider use of private cars and ever-increasing traffic congestion. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives an insight into how the United States could develop a new transport policy for the 21st century. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Low levels of

24、carbon monoxide are not poisonous for healthy individuals. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The use of cars creates particulate matter in different ways, rather than just one. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).In the United States, the only pollutant for which there is a national air quality standard is lead. （分数：7.10）A

25、.YB.NC.NG(5).Out of the seven pollutants mentioned in the first half of the article, hybrid cars produce fewer pollutants in at least five cases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Noise pollution is annoying, but does not result in any physical problems for people living in noisy areas. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).

26、The United States produced higher crop harvests before roads took away land and pollution affected crops. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Pollutants from cars cause 1 , which can damage buildings and pollute rivers. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Pollutants from cars create a 1 which people in cars are most exposed to.

27、 （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Particulate matter caused by cars is still a problem after the car has been taken off the roads forever, because particles from 1 pollute the atmosphere and water. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Get a good nights sleep so hell feel better.B.Take the exa

28、m once more.C.Go out to see a movie.D.Stay in a cinema for a night.A.She needs a new raincoat or umbrella.B.It will probably rain tomorrow.C.She doesnt know what the weather will be like tomorrow.D.She doesnt know where the man put his raincoat or umbrella.A.He already took a picture of the flowers.

29、B.He doesnt know how to use the camera.C.He doesnt think the flowers are beautiful.D.He does not have any more film left.A.They are going to have some milk for lunch.B.They will probably quarrel because they are both angry.C.They are going to breakfast soon.D.They are going to lunch soon.A.Go to the

30、 library.B.Get some exercise.C.Go to see a film.D.Do homework in school.A.Where John will meet her.B.What the topic of the meeting is.C.What John is wearing.D.Where the meeting is being held.A.She didnt clean the dorm.B.Her dorm is messy.C.She will help the man clean his dorm.D.She cleaned the libra

31、ry.A.Jack is likely to help.B.Jack doesnt know a lot about the problem.C.The man has already asked Jack for help.D.Jack was the last one who could solve the problem.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.At school.B.In a hospital.C.In a shop.D.In a park.A.To help the woman make a purchase.B.To request the wom

32、ans identification.C.To show the woman for a course at City College.D.To register the woman how to make out a check.A.Money.B.Money or credit cards.C.Credit cards or checks.D.Checks or money.A.She used her student ID card and a charge card.B.She used her credit card.C.She used her drivers license an

33、d her student ID card.D.She used her telephone number and her student ID card.A.At a fitness centre.B.At a clinic.C.At a school.D.At a club.A.He came too early for the appointment.B.He missed the bus here.C.He went to a wrong address.D.He felt very bad when he got up.A.A weak heart.B.A skin disease.

34、C.Bronchitis.D.Kidney trouble.A.To stay in bed for two or three days.B.To have a course of antibiotics.C.To take some cough mixture.D.To exercise more regularly.A.An Indian summer brings warm days and nights.B.An Indian summer occurs only in October.C.An Indian summer is an annual phenomenon.D.An In

35、dian summer lasts many weeks.A.The first period of cold, wintry days in autumn.B.The turning of color and falling of leaves.C.A large mass of warm tropical air carried northward.D.The southwestern winds.A.A short period of fair weather and mild days.B.No definite time of beginning or ending.C.Its en

36、d, which signals winters start.D.Soft yellow or orange skies.A.The local Sunday newspaper.B.The local Saturday newspaper.C.The local Friday newspaper.D.Not mentioned in this passage.A.Because the traveling expenses are high.B.Because the rents are too high for most people.C.Because it is easier to g

37、et familiar with the area.D.Because it is easier to join in the life of a city.A.The farther you live outside the city, the lower the rents will be.B.Traveling to and from is as expensive as living in the city.C.Many people start to look for houses from Saturday morning.D.In many cities the Sunday n

38、ewspaper can be obtained late Saturday night.A.Nothing but conjecture.B.Studying hard.C.Facts.D.Wisdom.A.Because Darwin had got a lot of facts.B.Because Darwin condemned the men of the churches for their nonsense.C.Because Darwin was not a religious believer.D.Because Darwins story of the world was

39、different from theirs.A.Man is also a kind of animal.B.There have been men for more than a million years.C.Like any other animals, man slowly changed through time.D.There were men a few million years ago.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recently a group of Swedish research scientists carried out a (36) 1

40、of childrens attitudes to the future. They worked with 10-and 11-year-old children from ten schools (37) 2 in rural and urban areas all over the whole of Sweden. There were two main steps of the (38) 3. First, all the children were asked to write an essay on the topic “The Future; 2000 AD“. Then the

41、 scientists went round to the (39) 4 schools to talk to the children, basing their (40) 5 on the general questions “What problems are we (41) 6 now?“ and “What will the future be like?“ A pattern soon (42) 7. It showed that there was (43) 8 agreement about which problems were important and how the p

42、roblems should be dealt with. (44) 9 . (45) 10. Summing up the results of the , one of its leaders said, “Weve obviously got to pay more attention to our children. After all, (46) 11.“ （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2

43、，分数：355.00)It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term “social class“. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The

44、 criteria we use to “place“ a new acquaintance(熟人) , however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part. In Greece, after the sixth-century B. C. , there was a growing conflict between the peasants a

45、nd the landed aristocrats (贵族) , and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class“ of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the

46、 total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the “metics“, who were freemen, though they two were allowed no share in political life. The third group was

47、the powerful body of “citizens“, who were themselves divided into sub-classes. In tile later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “burghers“ or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the

48、modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer. With the break-up of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers(公民) , the commercial and professional middle class became more and more important in Euro