大学英语四级-258及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级-258 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Why Women Are Judged for Not Having Children?The role of women, even constitutionally, has been to be in the home, caregiving, produce children and so on. For centuries women who produce many children have been 1 and consider

2、ed good, productive, “valuable“. Women who do not have children, 2 , for whatever reason, generally been 3 to be of lesser value. When we consider the historical context, from 4 to land labourers, we see that it has long been thus. The 5 of continuing the bloodline is an old one that is still with u

3、s. And the end of a bloodline is still perceived by some as somehow tragic. The fact that there are more options available to women now is, ironically, causing 6 difficulties for many. On the one hand we are encouraged to have careers, 7 in those careers, but also be sure to have a family before it“

4、s “too late“. We are now encouraged to do both, not 8 to choose. Ideally, we do both. And so there are a lot of very tired and stretched and dissatisfied women out there who cannot understand why they feel so 9 and unsupported. This “doing-of-both“ is not supported very well. There is not a sense of

5、 10 for many women out there as a result of these “choices“. For many it“s merely a source of anxiety, at its root is merely sense of “more to do“. A. awful E. equation I. notion M. richness B. considerable F. excel J. parcel N. royalty C. conversely G. fruitful K. perceived O. unlikely D. equality

6、H. necessarily L. respected（分数：25.00）The First Computer ProgrammerAugusta Ada Lovelace is known as the first computer programmer, and, since 2009, she has been recognized 11 on October 15th to highlight the often overlooked contributions of women to math and science. “I started to think that one of

7、the biggest parts of the problem was that women in tech are often 12 ,“ Charman Anderson, the founder of Ada Lovelace Day, said. After reading a study in 2006 by the psychologist Penelope Lockwood, who 13 the scarcity of female role models in the sciences, Charman Anderson thought that a celebration

8、 for Lovelace could raise 14 of her successors. In 2014, dozens of celebrations will be thrown around the world. Looming (隐现) in the background of these celebrations are findings, announced by the Census Bureau, that the 15 of women working in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) has de

9、creased over the past couple of decades; this is due 16 to the fact that women account for a smaller proportion of those employed in computing. In 1990, women held thirty-four percent of STEM jobs; in 2011, it was twenty-seven percent. Valerie Aurora, the executive director of a nonprofit organizati

10、on that arranges conferences and training programs to elevate (提升) women working in math and science, is 17 in the first ever Ada Lovelace conference later. “Lovelace is an 18 example of a woman for her time because she was not only allowed to learn mathematics but 19 to learn mathematics,“ Aurora s

11、aid. “She shows what women can do when given an 20 .“ A. annually E. encouraged I. opportunity M. timely B. attending F. invisible J. participating N. unusual C. awareness G. largely K. researched O. visual D. chance H. neglect L. share（分数：25.00）Making Light Work of City DiningWhile eco-minded chefs

12、 dishing up 21 mushrooms, the average American meal travels around 1,500 miles from farm to table. In the US, processing, packaging, transporting, storing and preparing fruit and vegetables requires about four times as much 22 as growing them in the first place. And around the world, up to a third o

13、f fresh food spoils in transit. The problem is that while the countryside is a great place to grow plants, with 23 water, flee sunlight and fertilizer from livestock (家畜，畜生), fewer and fewer people are living there. Over half the world now lives in cities, a proportion that will rise to 70% by 2050.

14、 If tomorrow“s 24 centres are not to go hungry, they will 25 need to produce much more of the food their dwellers (居民) consume. At MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, two groups are 26 the problem from different directions. However, both MIT technologies are focusing on crops that are expensive in 27 ,

15、 small and easy to grow. And although LEDs and digital sensors are becoming more 28 , neither system can compete on cost with traditional agriculture. “If you“re really going to try to sell tomatoes, you have to compete with the guys with hectares (公顷) under cultivation in Mexico and California,“ sa

16、ys Mr. Haper, CityFarm“s founder. “That“s where we“re all 29 and no one can do it yet. The technology to compete with 30 methods is still five or ten years away.“ A. abundant E. claiming I. hopefully M. supermarkets B. affordable F. conventional J. infinitely N. tackling C. aiming G. definitely K. l

17、ocal O. urban D. appearance H. energy L. resources（分数：25.00）Men Also Care about Wedding RingsMen care about their wedding rings, too. That“s why California-based machinist and designer Jess McWhinney created a 31 of rings for men that he calls “Active Wedding Rings for Active Men“. McWhinney, who ha

18、s a 32 in bicycle and skateboard design, created a line of titanium (钛) and stainless steel wedding rings that have a watch-like clamp (钳夹) that makes it easier to take on and off. “Why are women 33 to wear their wedding rings, but men aren“t?“ McWhinney asked Fast Co. Design. “It“s not just because

19、 men still want to date other women, although that happens. It“s 34 because it doesn“t fit well, it“s uncomfortable, or it 35 with work or play.“ According to Fast Co., men tend to buy rings on the bigger side in order to 36 them over their knuckles (指关节). And from $825 to $3,750 “Active“ rings solv

20、es that problem in 37 . “I always think it is 38 that the woman always gets the cool, valuable ring, while the guy gets the 39 metal ring,“ McWhinney told Fast Co. “But guys don“t want a big shiny diamond on their ring. It“s just not our thing. What we do want is something that is functional, well m

21、ade and kind of trick, so we can 40 it off to our friends.“ A. advance E. fit I. normally M. style B. background F. frustrated J. practically N. unfair C. boring G. hinders K. rarely O. willing D. collection H. interferes L. show（分数：25.00）大学英语四级-258 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总

22、题数：0，分数：0.00)Why Women Are Judged for Not Having Children?The role of women, even constitutionally, has been to be in the home, caregiving, produce children and so on. For centuries women who produce many children have been 1 and considered good, productive, “valuable“. Women who do not have childre

23、n, 2 , for whatever reason, generally been 3 to be of lesser value. When we consider the historical context, from 4 to land labourers, we see that it has long been thus. The 5 of continuing the bloodline is an old one that is still with us. And the end of a bloodline is still perceived by some as so

24、mehow tragic. The fact that there are more options available to women now is, ironically, causing 6 difficulties for many. On the one hand we are encouraged to have careers, 7 in those careers, but also be sure to have a family before it“s “too late“. We are now encouraged to do both, not 8 to choos

25、e. Ideally, we do both. And so there are a lot of very tired and stretched and dissatisfied women out there who cannot understand why they feel so 9 and unsupported. This “doing-of-both“ is not supported very well. There is not a sense of 10 for many women out there as a result of these “choices“. F

26、or many it“s merely a source of anxiety, at its root is merely sense of “more to do“. A. awful E. equation I. notion M. richness B. considerable F. excel J. parcel N. royalty C. conversely G. fruitful K. perceived O. unlikely D. equality H. necessarily L. respected（分数：25.00）解析：L解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 have

27、been和空格后的 and considered good, productive.可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，表中性或积极意义。备选词汇中 respected“尊敬”符合此处语境，故选 L。解析：C解析 副词辨义题。此处空格前后用逗号隔开，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个能够用作插入语的形容词或副词。从语义上来看，该句意在说明没有生育孩子的女人通常都被人认为没那么有价值，这与前文叙述的生育孩子的女人备受尊崇的情况恰好相反，形成对比。备选词汇中 conversely“相反地”符合此处语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选 C。解析：K解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 been和空格后的不定

28、式结构可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，与 been一起表被动含义。备选词汇中 respected意为“尊敬”，不符合此处语境，故排除。perceived 意为“认为”，用在此处语义通顺，故选 K。解析：N解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的介词 from和空格后的 to land labourers可以判断，此处需填入一个名词的复数形式，与 lan labourers一样都是表示某一类特定的人，且与 land labourers有对比之意。备选词汇中 royalty“王室成员”符合此处语境，故选 N。解析：I解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的定冠词 The和空格后的介词短语 of cont

29、inuing the bloodline可以判断，此处需要填入一个名词作为该句的主语。句中的 an old one为表语，用来说明主语的特征，也说明空格处需要填入的名词须为可数名词的单数形式。备选词汇中 parcel意为“包裹”，不符合此处语境，故排除。notion 意为“观念”，用在此处语义通顺，故选 I。The notion of continuing the bloodline即“传宗接代的观念”。解析：B解析 形容词辨义题。空格所在的句子主干完整，不缺少任何成分，且根据空格前的动词causing和空格后的名词 difficulties可以推知，空格处应填入一个形容词修饰名词 diffi

30、culties。该句前半句中提到现在的女性拥有更多的选择，随后用 ironically“讽刺的是”话锋一转，由此可以推知此处需要强调的是与更多的选择对应的大量的困难，备选词汇中 considerable“相当多的”符合此处语境，故选 B。解析：F解析 动词辨义题。空格所在的分句与其前面的 have careers以及空格后的 be sure to have.为并列结构，由此可以判断此处空格需要填入一个动词原形，且该动词须能与介词 in搭配使用。备选词汇中只有 excel“擅长”符合此处语境，故选 F。解析：H解析 副词辨义题。空格所在的句子主干完整，依据空格前的 not和空格后的不定式结构 t

31、o choose可以判断，此处需要填入一个副词。备选词汇中只有 necessarily“必要地”符合此处语境，故选H。解析：A解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 feel so和空格后的 and unsupported可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词与 unsupported并列使用，以说明女性的一种不好的感受或状态。备选词汇中 awful“糟透的”符合此处语境，故选 A。解析：D解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的 a sense of和空格后的 for many women可以判断，此处需要填入一个抽象名词与 a sense of搭配使用。备选词汇中只有 equality“平等，同等”符合此处语境

32、，a sense of equality，意为“平等的意识”，故选 D。equation 看似与 equality意义接近，实际上equation指的是“等同，相等”，用在此处语义不通，故排除。The First Computer ProgrammerAugusta Ada Lovelace is known as the first computer programmer, and, since 2009, she has been recognized 11 on October 15th to highlight the often overlooked contributions of

33、 women to math and science. “I started to think that one of the biggest parts of the problem was that women in tech are often 12 ,“ Charman Anderson, the founder of Ada Lovelace Day, said. After reading a study in 2006 by the psychologist Penelope Lockwood, who 13 the scarcity of female role models

34、in the sciences, Charman Anderson thought that a celebration for Lovelace could raise 14 of her successors. In 2014, dozens of celebrations will be thrown around the world. Looming (隐现) in the background of these celebrations are findings, announced by the Census Bureau, that the 15 of women working

35、 in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) has decreased over the past couple of decades; this is due 16 to the fact that women account for a smaller proportion of those employed in computing. In 1990, women held thirty-four percent of STEM jobs; in 2011, it was twenty-seven percent. Vale

36、rie Aurora, the executive director of a nonprofit organization that arranges conferences and training programs to elevate (提升) women working in math and science, is 17 in the first ever Ada Lovelace conference later. “Lovelace is an 18 example of a woman for her time because she was not only allowed

37、 to learn mathematics but 19 to learn mathematics,“ Aurora said. “She shows what women can do when given an 20 .“ A. annually E. encouraged I. opportunity M. timely B. attending F. invisible J. participating N. unusual C. awareness G. largely K. researched O. visual D. chance H. neglect L. share（分数：

38、25.00）解析：A解析 副词辨义题。空格所在的分句主干完整，由此可以判断此处应填入一个对空格前后的内容进行修饰的成分。根据空格前的动词 recognized和空格后的介词短语可以判断，此处需要填入一个副词修饰其前面的动词。备选词汇中 largely“主要地”不能用于修饰 recognized“表彰”，而此处也无须强调 timely“及时地”。annually 意为“每年”，放在此处语义通顺，故选 A。解析：F解析 形容词辨义题。此处空格位于 that引导的表语从句中，该从句中的主语为 women in tech，谓语由系动词 are充当，缺少表语，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个形容词、名词或者

39、动词的过去分词。又由于该表语从句是对前面提到的 problem进行说明，所以不难推知此处需要填入一个表示消极意义的词汇。备选词汇中只有 invisible“被忽视的”符合此处语境，故选 F。解析：K解析 动词辨义题。空格位于由 who引导的定语从句中，其先行词为 the psychologist Penelope Lockwood。从结构上来看，该从句缺少谓语动词，而整个句子的时态为一般过去时，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个动词的过去式。备选词汇中 encouraged意为“鼓励”，与该从句的宾语 the scarcity放在一起语义不通，故排除。researched 意为“研究”，符合此处语境

40、，故选 K。解析：C解析 名词辨义题。空格位于 that引导的宾语从句中，该从句中缺少宾语，而谓语动词又为raise，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个可数名词的复数形式或者是一个不可数的抽象名词。整体来看，空格所在的段落都在陈述科技领域的女性经常被无视，所以会举办一些活动，不难推知这些庆祝活动是与可以提高人们对科技领域女性的关注相关的。备选词汇中只有 awareness符合此处语境。awareness 的常见释义为“意识，觉悟”，在此处引申为“知名度”。故选 C。解析：L解析 名词辨义题。空格位于 that引导的同位语从句中，该从句中缺少主语，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个名词。空格所在的整个句子被

41、一个分号隔开，由分号后面的 this is due to可知，分号后面的内容是对前面所说的内容进行解释说明。分号后面的内容中提到造成前面所述事实的原因在于女性受雇于计算机领域工作的比重越来越小，由此可以推断空格所在分句描述的是，在 STEM领域，女性所占的比重变小，因而备选词汇中 share“份额”符合此处语境，故选 L。解析：G解析 副词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，且位于固定搭配 due to之间，由此可以判断，此处需要填入一个副词修饰形容词 due。due to 意为“由于，由引起”。备选词汇中只有largely“主要地”符合语境，故选 G。解析：J解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的系动词

42、 is和空格后的 in the.conference later可以判断，该分句表示的是一个将来还没有发生的动作，可以推知此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式，与空格前的 is一起作该句的谓语。备选词汇中 attending在语义上符合此处语境，但是 attend作“出席”解时，其后通常直接接宾语，而不与介词 in搭配使用，故排除。participating 意为“参加”，符合此处语境，故选 J。解析：N解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的不定冠词 an和空格后的名词 example可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词或名词修饰 example，且该形容词或名词须以元音读音开头。备选词汇中只有unusu

43、al“不同寻常的”的符合此处语境，故选 N。解析：E解析 动词辨义题。此处空格位于由 but连接的两个并列结构中，因而空格所在的短语结构须与前面提到的 allowed to learn mathematics相同，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，表被动含义。备选词汇中只有 encouraged“鼓励”符合此处语境，故选 E。解析：I解析 名词辨义题。此处空格位于句末，根据空格前的 when given an可以判断，此处需要填入一个以元音读音开头的名词的单数形式。备选词汇中只有 opportunity“机会”符合此处语境，故选 I。Making Light Work of Ci

44、ty DiningWhile eco-minded chefs dishing up 21 mushrooms, the average American meal travels around 1,500 miles from farm to table. In the US, processing, packaging, transporting, storing and preparing fruit and vegetables requires about four times as much 22 as growing them in the first place. And ar

45、ound the world, up to a third of fresh food spoils in transit. The problem is that while the countryside is a great place to grow plants, with 23 water, flee sunlight and fertilizer from livestock (家畜，畜生), fewer and fewer people are living there. Over half the world now lives in cities, a proportion

46、 that will rise to 70% by 2050. If tomorrow“s 24 centres are not to go hungry, they will 25 need to produce much more of the food their dwellers (居民) consume. At MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, two groups are 26 the problem from different directions. However, both MIT technologies are focusing on c

47、rops that are expensive in 27 , small and easy to grow. And although LEDs and digital sensors are becoming more 28 , neither system can compete on cost with traditional agriculture. “If you“re really going to try to sell tomatoes, you have to compete with the guys with hectares (公顷) under cultivatio

48、n in Mexico and California,“ says Mr. Haper, CityFarm“s founder. “That“s where we“re all 29 and no one can do it yet. The technology to compete with 30 methods is still five or ten years away.“ A. abundant E. claiming I. hopefully M. supermarkets B. affordable F. conventional J. infinitely N. tackli

49、ng C. aiming G. definitely K. local O. urban D. appearance H. energy L. resources（分数：25.00）解析：K解析 形容词辨义题。空格位于动词短语 dishing up和名词 mushrooms之间，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个修饰 mushrooms“蘑菇”的形容词。空格所在句子开头的 While一词具有转折和对比意义，而该句后半句中提到，普通美国人餐桌上的食物都要经过大约 1500英里的运输才能从农场到达餐桌，由此可以推知空格处应该是强调厨师出锅装盘的蘑菇不是从远处运送而来的，备选词汇中 local“本地的”符合此处语境，故选 K。解析：H解析 名词辨义题。空格位于 as much.as结构中，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个不可数名词。由上下文来看，此处空格表示的是种植水果和蔬菜所需要的一种物质，备选词汇中只有 energy“能量；精力”符合此处语境，故选 H。解析：A解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的介词 with和空格后的 water，free sunlight and.可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词修饰 water，与后面的 free sunlight并列使用，表达种植的便利和优势，且原文中并不强调农