大学英语六级分类模拟题486及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 486及答案解析(总分：242.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.1随着科技的发展，现代人的技能也随之变化 2有人认为外语、计算机等技能很重要，也有人认为沟通技能更重要 3在我看来 （分数：15.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Petroleum ResourcesA) Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate fr

2、om organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved. B) Con

3、tinued sedimentationthe process of deposits“ settling on the sea bottomburies the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of th

4、e mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time ( millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment. C) Oil pools are val

5、uable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools. When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground. Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe. Now portable dril

6、ling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed. When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it. Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully control

7、led today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past. Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well. Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out. At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene,

8、 and various oils. Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum. D) As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the cons

9、truction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean“s continental shelvesthose gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of th

10、e world“s oil and almost one-fifth of the world“s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway. E) Of course, there is f

11、ar more oil underground than can be recovered. It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling. Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. Even given the best extraction techniques, only a

12、bout 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface. The rest is far too difficult to extract and has to remain underground. F) Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the lin

13、e. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also los

14、e oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent

15、 seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects. G) Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture c

16、onsisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and even a lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is an energy source often used for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as fuel for vehic

17、les and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals. H) Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal bedsand as methane clathrates. Petroleum is also another resource fou

18、nd in proximity to and with natural gas. I) Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic

19、gas is created from buried organic material. J) Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo processing to remove impurities, including water, to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas. K) The by-products of processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher mo

20、lecular weight hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide (which may be converted into pure sulfur) , carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen. L) Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal. M) However, it

21、 is not to be confused with gasoline, especially in North America, where the term gasoline is often shortened in colloquial usage to gas. N) In the 19th century, natural gas was usually obtained as a by-product of producing oil, since the small, light gas carbon chains came out of solution as the ex

22、tracted fluids underwent pressure reduction from the reservoir to the surface, similar to uncapping a bottle of soda where the carbon dioxide effervesces. O) Unwanted natural gas was a disposal problem in the active oil fields. If there was not a market for natural gas near the wellhead it was virtu

23、ally valueless since it had to be piped to the end user.（分数：71.00）(1).According to the analysis, there are two main parts in the petroleum, namely the crude oil and natural gas.（分数：7.10）(2).When it comes to the mechanism of petroleum, there are two kinds including the biogenic and thermogenic ones.（

24、分数：7.10）(3).After a long time, (millions of years) , accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers.（分数：7.10）(4).Generally speaking, natural gas could be found in two areas, firstly the deep underground rock formations, and then the hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal bedsand.（分数：7.10）(5).O

25、il fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools which are valuable underground accumulations of oil.（分数：7.10）(6).The typical ingredients of natural gas are hydrocarbon gas mixture, alkanes, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide.（分数：7.10）(7).Since it is gradually more and more diffi

26、cult to find oil, the petroleum scientists have to move to the more hostile places in the future.（分数：7.10）(8).The serious oil spills could be caused by broken pipelines carrying oil.（分数：7.10）(9).Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as gas, especially when compared to other energy sourc

27、es such as oil or coal.（分数：7.10）(10).According to different regions, there are different naming style for the petroleum, such as gas for gasoline in North America.（分数：7.10）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)What“s the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a

28、 recent college graduate? China? India? Brazil? How about trade? When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculati

29、on of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDE Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth. But there“s another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signa

30、l a double-dip recessiona renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United Statesbut an economic expansion. The rising volume of trademore goods and services shuttling in and out of the United Statesis good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail fre

31、ight, delivery, and logistics (物流) have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign marketswhen we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and US exports are rising because more foreigners have the abil

32、ity to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price-agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil. And while exports always seem to lag, U

33、S companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM“s balance sheetand hence makes the jobs of US-based executives more stable. One great cha

34、llenge for the US economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That“s to be expected, given what we“ve been through. But there“s a bigger challenge. Can US-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of grow

35、ing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it“s no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home. Companies and individuals who don“t have a strategy to exp

36、ort more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion“s share of economic opportunity in our world.（分数：71.00）(1).How do pessimists interpret the US trade deficit in June?（分数：14.20）A.It is the result of America“s growing focus

37、 on domestic market.B.It signifies a change in American economic structure.C.It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.D.It reflects Americans“ preference for imported goods.(2).What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?（分数：14.20）A.It shows that US economy is s

38、lipping further into recession.B.It indicates that economic activities in the US have increased.C.It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.D.It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.(3).Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?（分数：14.20）A.Retailers

39、 dealing in foreign goods and services.B.People who have expertise in international trade.C.Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.D.Consumers who favor imported goods and services.(4).What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?（分数：14.20）A.Competition from overseas.B.People

40、“s reluctance to spend.C.Decreasing productivity.D.Slack trade activities.(5).What is the author“s advice to US companies and individuals?（分数：14.20）A.To increase their market share overseas.B.To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.C.To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.D.To impo

41、rt more cheap goods from developing countries.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)There is something badly wrong with the way standards for school science being set in the US. When the Texas State Board of Education voted in new standards last week, it left the door open for teaching creationism (神创论)in th

42、e name of science in federally funded schools. These must be closed, and quickly. Because standards are set at state level, students in one state might be learning different science and using different textbooks from what students in another are learning and using. What is worse, the state boards of

43、 education that are responsible for standards and textbooks are made up of elected officials who lack any specific skills or qualifications in the relevant areas of science or education. As we saw in the 2005 trial over teaching intelligent design in Dover, Pennsylvania, and are now seeing in Texas,

44、 school boards have become a political battleground. Many board members appear to be acting on behalf of religious groups like local churches or the Discovery Institute. School science standards should be set by people who understand science and science education. At the same time, it is dangerous t

45、o argue that the powers of democratically elected officials should be taken away if they don“t produce the outcome you want. Yet that is what may happen in Texas. Some Democrats have introduced legislation that would transfer authority for textbooks and curricula to the Texas Education Agency. Is th

46、ere a way out of this impasse ? One possibility is that candidates for school boards should be tested before they stand. Another is that the pro-science (支持科学者) should try to engage more fully with the democratic process. After the Dover trial, board members who favored intelligent design were dumpe

47、d by the voters. Something similar could happen in Texas. Another possibility is to push decisions further up the democratic ladder. President Barack Obama has already called for all states to have the same achievement standards, raising hopes that he might push for federal standards across all US s

48、chools. While this might drive conservative mad, it would put an end to the present situation in which an accident of geography can determine whether a child is taught valid science. Obama has already made remarkable changes in Washington by restoring scientific expertise to its rightful place in go

49、vernment. Many teachers and scientists would like to see him do the same in the place where it can count most: in the classroom.（分数：71.00）(1).What can we learn from the second paragraph?（分数：14.20）A.Different standards are good to students“ study in different states.B.The members of state boards of education know little about education.C.Intelligent design aims at finding useful teaching method in the school.D.All the board members are representing certain religious groups in the school.(