大学英语六级分类模拟题467及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 467 及答案解析(总分：327.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Living with Parents after Graduation by commenting on the prevailing phenomenon: Many newly graduates choose to live with their parents. Yo

2、u should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：15.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Why India Is Poor and Corrupt While Japan Is Rich and CleanA. In the Far East, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japanall relying extensively on pri

3、vate marketsare thriving. Their people are full of hope. By contrast, India, Indonesia, and Communist China, all relying heavily on central planning, have experienced economic stagnation and political repression. B. An especially illuminating example, worth examining in greater detail, is the contra

4、st between the experiences of India and JapanIndia during the first 30 years after it achieved independence in 1947, and Japan during the first 30 years after the Meiji Restoration in 1867. Economists and social scientists in general can seldom conduct controlled experiments of the kind that are so

5、important in testing hypotheses in the physical sciences. However, experience has here produced something very close to a controlled experiment that we can use to test the importance of the difference in methods of economic organization. C. Both were countries with ancient civilizations and a sophis

6、ticated culture. Each had a highly structured population. Japan had a feudal structure; India had a rigid caste system. Both countries experienced a major political, economic and social change. In both countries a group of able, dedicated leaders took power. They were imbued with national pride and

7、determined to convert economic stagnation into rapid growth, to transform their countries into great powers. D. Almost all differences favoured India rather than Japan. The prior rules of Japan had enforced almost complete isolation from the rest of the world. International trade and contact was lim

8、ited to one visit from one Dutch ship a year. Three or more centuries of enforced isolation had left Japan ignorant of the outside world, far behind the West in science and technology. E. India was much more fortunate. It had enjoyed substantial economic growth before World War I. That growth was co

9、nverted into stagnation between the two world wars, but was not reversed. Improvements in transportation had ended the famines that had earlier been a recurrent curse. Many of its leaders had been educated in advanced countries, particularly in Great Britain. British rule left it with a highly skill

10、ed and trained civil service, modern factories, and an excellent railroad system. None of these existed in Japan in 1867. India“s physical resources, too, were far superior to Japan“s. India is nearly nine times as large as Japan, and a much larger percentage of its area consists of relatively level

11、 and accessible land. Japan is mostly mountainous. F. Finally, Japan was on its own. No foreign capital was invested in Japan. India fared far better. Since it achieved independence in 1947, it has received an enormous volume of resources from the rest of the world, mostly as gifts. The flow continu

12、es today. G. Despite the similar circumstances of Japan in 1867 and India in 1947, the outcome was vastly different. Japan dismantled its feudal structure and extended social and economic opportunity to all its citizens. The lot of the ordinary man improved rapidly. Japan became a power to be reckon

13、ed with. H. India paid lip service to the elimination of caste barriers yet made little progress in practice. Differences in income and wealth grew wider. Population exploded, as it did in Japan, but economic output per capita did not. India prided itself on being the largest democracy in the world,

14、 but it lapsed for a time into a dictatorship that restricted freedom of speech and press. I. What explains the difference in results? Many observers point to different social institutions and human characteristics. Religious taboos, the caste system, a fatalistic philosophyall these are said to imp

15、rison the inhabitants of India. By contrast, the Japanese are lauded as hardworking, energetic, eager to respond to influences from abroad, and incredibly ingenious at adapting what they learn from outside to their own needs. J. This description of the Japanese may be accurate today. It was not in 1

16、867. An early foreign resident in Japan wrote: “Wealthy we do not think it Japan will ever become. The advantages conferred by Nature, with exception of the climate, and the love of indolence and pleasure of the people themselves forbid it.“ K. Similarly, the description of the Indians may be accura

17、te today for some Indians, but it certainly is not accurate for Indians who have migrated elsewhere. In many continents, Indians are successful entrepreneurs, sometimes constituting the mainstay of the entrepreneurial class. They have often been the dynamo initiating and promoting economic progress.

18、 L. In any event, economic and social progress does not depend on the attributes or behaviour of the masses. In every country a tiny minority sets the pace, determines the course of events. In the countries that have developed most rapidly and successfully, a minority of enterprising and risk-taking

19、 individuals have forged ahead, created opportunities for imitators to follow, have enabled the majority to increase their productivity. M. The characteristics of the Indians that so many outside observers deplore reflect rather than cause the lack of progress. Sloth and lack of enterprise flourish

20、when hard work and the taking of risks are not rewarded. A fatalistic philosophy is an accommodation to stagnation. India has no shortage of people with the qualities that could spark and fuel the same kind of economic development that Japan experienced after 1867, or even that Germany and Japan did

21、 after World War . Indeed, the real tragedy of India is that it remains a subcontinent teeming with desperately poor people when it could, we believe, be a flourishing, vigorous, increasingly prosperous and free society. N. What then accounts for the different experiences of Japan from 1867 to 1897

22、and of India from 1947 to date? We believe that the explanation is the same as for the difference between West and East Germany, Israel and Egypt, Taiwan and Red China. O. Japan relied primarily on voluntary cooperation and free marketson the model of the Britain of its laissez-faire time. India rel

23、ied on central economic planningon the model of the Britain of post-WWII. The Meiji government at no time did it try to control the total amount or direction of investment or the structure of output. P. India is following a very different policy. Its leaders regard capitalism as synonymous with impe

24、rialism, to be avoided at all costs. They embarked on a series of Soviet-type five-year plans that outlined detailed programs of investment. Some areas of production are reserved to government; in others private films are permitted to operate, but only in conformity with The Plan. Q. Tariffs and quo

25、tas control imports, subsidies control exports. Needless to say, these measures produce shortages of foreign exchange. These are met by detailed and extensive foreign exchange controla major source both of inefficiency and of special privilege. Wages and prices are controlled. A government permit is

26、 required to build a factory or to make any other investment. Taxes are ubiquitous, highly graduated on paper, evaded in practice. Smuggling, black markets, illegal transactions of all kinds are every bit as ubiquitous as taxes. R. Reliance on the market in Japan released hidden and unsuspected reso

27、urces of energy and ingenuity. It prevented vested interests from blocking change. It forced development to conform to the harsh test of efficiency. Reliance on government controls in India frustrates initiative or diverts it into wasteful channels. It protects vested interests from the forces of ch

28、ange. It substitutes bureaucratic approval for market efficiency as the criterion of survival.（分数：20.00）(1).Since 1947, many countries have invested in India, so it is with today.（分数：2.00）(2).The leaders of India don“t call for capitalism for they believe that it is similar to imperialism.（分数：2.00）(

29、3).Japanese are more ingenious than Indians because that Japan is open-minded and has no so many limits.（分数：2.00）(4).In India, there is a rigorous hierarchy among people that belong to different classes.（分数：2.00）(5).India took example by British rule, including a highly skilled and trained civil ser

30、vice, modern factories, and an excellent railroad system.（分数：2.00）(6).For every country and in any time, a minority of outstanding individuals can exert great influence on the majority, and then determine the pace of the country.（分数：2.00）(7).India imposed itself as the largest democratic country in

31、the world, but the reality is to the contrary for a time.（分数：2.00）(8).The model of private markets can bring hope to people, while central planning may cause some problems in economical or political field.（分数：2.00）(9).Japan adopted the model of the Britain of its laissez-faire time, which covers vol

32、untary cooperation and free markets.（分数：2.00）(10).Japan“s isolation policy has made it know nothing about other countries for three hundred or more years.（分数：2.00）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：91.00)The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a th

33、ousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to as

34、semble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software(软件)or by altering the architecture but that too will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅)will

35、arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own de-sign. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon“s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intel

36、ligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments. harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom

37、and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the techno-logy it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands of millions of people, will be within our power.（分数：20.00）(1).In what way can we mak

38、e a machine intelligent?（分数：4.00）A.By making it work in such environments as deserts. oceans or space.B.By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C.By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D.By reproducing it.(2).What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?（分数：4.00）

39、A.He believes they will be useful to human beings.B.He believes that they will control us in the future.C.He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D.He doesn“t consider the construction of such machines possible.(3).The word carbon(Line 3, Para.2)stands for “_“.（分数：4.00）A.intelligent r

40、obotsB.a chemical elementC.an organic substanceD.human beings(4).A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _.（分数：4.00）A.its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB.it is able to bear the rough environmentC.it is made as complex as the human brainD.its architecture is different from that of

41、 the present ones(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：4.00）A.after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproductionB.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with hu

42、man-like abilityC.once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligenceD.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spaceIn the market“s eyes, the latest round of consumer-spending news was good. It was so good that the stocks had another bubbling day yester

43、day. The Commerce Department said that retail sales have risen by 1.2 percent in April. Particularly given a weak job market, it is really a bigger jump than had ever been expected. The consumer is not capitulating, as one retail analyst has once declared. Yes, but why is the reason for that? Questi

44、ons like this are very difficult to answer, of course. In order to get an explanation, you would have to ask an expert. Then a couple of experts appeared suddenly on the Marketplace, the public-radio show last night to shed light on the mystery of the noncapitulating consumer. I am a semi-regular li

45、stener to Marketplace, which generally is an enjoyable show. But even the most thoughtful financial journalism will end up turning to the experts sometimes. What are we supposed to learn from them? Last night we learned that the consumers are buying value, according to retail-trends analyst Kurt Bar

46、nard. This is why Wal-mart and J.C. Penney had the positive results to report yesterdaybecause, Bernard noted, these days, consumers are looking for low prices. Fair enough. On the other hand, another firm reporting good numbers was Tiffany“s, which said its net income was up by more than 6 percent,

47、 partly on the strength of greater sales volume. Sometimes, Barnard explained, low. price can be replaced by the value that is attached to a wonderful name such as Tiffany“s. I see. So consumers like things that are either very cheap or very expensive, but, you know, worth it. Now there“s a fresh in

48、sight. It would certainly explain why the retail chain Everything“s Overpriced is under great pressure these days. Anyway, as if all this was not illuminating enough, another expert stepped into the spotlight: Ken Goldstein, an economist with the Conference Board. According to Goldstein, “People wit

49、h money to spend and a willingness to spend tend to spend money.“ Isn“t that fantastic? Don“t you feel smarter now that the mystery of consumer spending has finally been clarified for you? This sophisticated analysis might even apply in other areas. People with food to eat and a willingness to eat tend to eat. People with time to waste and a willingness to waste time tend to waste time. Really makes you think, doesn“t it? Actually, I guess, maybe it doesn“t.（分数：71.00）(1).What