大学英语六级分类模拟题461及答案解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 461 及答案解析(总分:475.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the title “How to Be a Civilized Tourist“. You can give some suggestions on how to behave properly when travelling and finally call on people to be c
2、ivilized tourists. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. (分数:106.50)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:0,分数:0.00)三、Section A(总题数:1,分数:71.00)Daylight Saving Time (DST)How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start? ABenjamin Franklin-of “early to bed
3、and early to rise“ fame-was apparently the first person to suggest the concept of daylight savings. While serving as U.S. ambassador to France in Pads, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a.m. and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the reso
4、urces that might be saved if he and others rose before noon and burned less midnight oil, Franklin, tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper. BIt wasn“t until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artifici
5、al lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon followed suit. In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918-for the states that chose to observe it. CDuring World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory(强制的) f
6、or the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9, 1942, and September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years. Many years later,
7、the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long extension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007. Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Sucker? DIn recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesn“t actually save energy-and migh
8、t even result in a net loss. Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, coauthored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the pract
9、ice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark mornings-wiping out the evening gains. That“s because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. “So if people get home an hour earlier in a warmer house, they
10、 turn on their air conditioning,“ the University of Washington“s Wolff said. EBut other studies do show energy gains. In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that sprin
11、ging forward does save energy. Extended daylight saving time saved 1.3 terawatt (太瓦) hours of electricity. That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consumption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent. While those percentages seem small, th
12、ey could represent significant savings because of the nation“s enormous total energy use. FWhat“s more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others. California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time-perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages pe
13、ople to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state. GBut Wolff, one of many scholars who contributed to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability (变化) a
14、nd shouldn“t be taken as hard facts. And daylight savings“ energy gains in the U.S. largely depend on your location in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff said.“The North might be a slight winner, because the North doesn“t have as much air conditioning,“ he said. “But the South is a definite los
15、er in terms of energy consumption. The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving.“ Daylight Saving Time: Healthy or Harmful? HFor decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestyles-a claim Wo
16、lff and colleagues are currently putting to the test. “In a nationwide American time-use study, we“re clearly seeing that, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is substantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are s
17、ubstantially increased,“ Wolff said. “That“s remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is the same. “ IBut others warn of ill effects. Till Roenneberg, a university professor in Munich (慕尼黑),Germany, said his studies show that our circadian (生理节奏的) body clocks-set by
18、light and darkness-never adjust to gaining an “extra“ hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time. JOne reason so many people in the developed world are chronically (长期地) overtired, he said, is that they suffer from“social jet lag. “ In other words, their optimal circadian sle
19、ep periods don“t accord with their actual sleep schedules. Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, he said. “Light doesn“t do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening. More light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good. But mor
20、e light in the evening would even further delay the body clock. “ KOther research hints at even more serious health risks. A 2008 study concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after the spring time change. “The most likely explanation to our findings is disturbe
21、d sleep and disruption of biological rhythms,“ One expert told National Geographic News via email. Daylight Savings“ Lovers and Haters LWith verdicts (定论) on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions. In the U
22、.K., for instance, the Lighter Later movement-part of 10:10, a group advocating cutting carbon emissions-argues for a sort of extreme daylight savings. First, they say, move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing daylight saving time as usual-adding two hours of evening daylight to what
23、we currently consider standard time. The folks behind S, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether, calling energy-efficiency claims “unproven. “ MNational telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answer. Most people just “don“t
24、think the time change is worth the hassle (麻烦的事).“ Forty-seven percent agreed with that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed, But Seize the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most people are fond of it. “I think if you ask most people if they enjoy
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