大学英语六级分类模拟题460及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 460 及答案解析(总分：366.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention. You are required to wrote at

2、least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Animals on the MoveA. It looked like a scene from “Jaws“ but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the

3、 pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark“s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught it

4、s victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over. B. Moving to Survive In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, o

5、r locomotion, in animals. Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. Humans have the added advantage of us

6、ing their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most succes

7、sful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study th

8、e scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks“ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle. C. Skin Is the Key The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal“s high ef

9、ficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers

10、are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed. D. The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During th

11、e body“s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark“s body snaps back the other way. As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal“s body, t

12、he tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet. E. Source of Energy What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark“s similarity to a belted radial tire

13、 doesn“t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark“s collagen “radials“. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may he due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers. F. When the shark swims slowly

14、, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. The pressure insid

15、e the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable. G. Dolphin Has Speed Record Another fast marine animal is the dolphin.

16、 This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal“s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin“s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to

17、the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slow

18、s the fish down. H. In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin“s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water a

19、t rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds. I. Other Animals Less Efficient Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down

20、 a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. J. Scientists say that because of the slug“s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is,

21、 the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?（分数：71.00）(1).A dolphin“s skin enables it to pass through with little resistance to the water flowing over it.（分数：7.10）(2).A sha

22、rk finds its prey by feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey.（分数：7.10）(3).According to the scientists, when bending its body in swimming, the shark stretches its collagen fibers to the greatest extent.（分数：7.10）(4).Animals are restricted to small areas tot obtaining food and finding proper living

23、 conditions.（分数：7.10）(5).Automobiles, rockets, and submarines exemplify that human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment.（分数：7.10）(6).Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel 12 times as long as a slug.（分数：7.10）(7).Dolphin wouldn“t be bothere

24、d by turbulent water at rapid speeds like other animals.（分数：7.10）(8).One of the main reasons sharks are such effective predators is their skin.（分数：7.10）(9).Sharks are a notable example of fish that depend on locomotion to survive.（分数：7.10）(10).The area just under the shark“s collagen fibers is simil

25、ar to a belted radial tire because it is also inflated by pressure.（分数：7.10）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：83.50)Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem. The lesser-known one

26、 is called the “tunnel“ effect: high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high. A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St. Andrews and recently presented at the Royal Economic Society in Cambr

27、idge separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on people“s satisfaction in individual firms in Denmark or in very dynamic economies in transition, such as eastern Europe. B

28、ut Mr. FitzRoy“s team theorized that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect. The data confirm this hypothesis. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under

29、45. In western Germany, seeing peers“ incomes rising actually makes young people happier (even more than a rise in their own incomes, remarkably). It is only those people over 45, when careers have “reached a stable position“, whose happiness is harmed by the success of others. The prospect of 20-pl

30、us years of bitterness might make retirement seem more appealing. But the real gains in happiness from retirement go not to the outshone (被超越), but to the out-of-work. Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls short of social expectations. This loss of identity cannot be co

31、mpensated for by unemployment benefits or increased leisure time. A paper presented at the same conference by a team represented by Clemens Hetschko of the Free University of Berlin uses the same German household data to show that the spirits of the long-term unemployed rise when they stop looking f

32、or work, go into retirement and no longer clash with social norms. Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already line up with social expectations. Indeed, retiring early from work can have nasty side-effects. Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn

33、 of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allowed blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others. Men retiring a year early lower their chances of surviving to age 67 by 13%. Almost a third of this higher mortali

34、ty rate, which seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into retirement by job loss, was caused by smoking and alcohol consumption. If you“re in a job, even an underpaid one, hang on in there.（分数：71.00）(1).What did the study conducted by Mr. FitzRoy“s team reveal?（分数：14.20）A.The finding

35、s of previous work may be problematic.B.The two effects of peers“ incomes on happiness cannot be separated.C.Older workers are not affected by the income of others.D.Older workers have already known their lifetime incomes.(2).What happens to young people when they are being paid less than their peer

36、s?（分数：14.20）A.Their self-esteem is severely harmed.B.Their spirits will be lowered.C.They enjoy a bigger tunnel effect than People over 45.D.They prefer a rise in their own incomes.(3).Which of the following is irrelevant to the tunnel effect on happiness?（分数：14.20）A.High inequality and mobility.B.O

37、ne“s career stage.C.Social expectations.D.One“s age.(4).What do we learn about those who have been unemployed for a long time?（分数：14.20）A.They stop looking for work due to the loss of identity.B.Unemployment benefits can lift up their spirits.C.They may die earlier than those with jobs.D.Retirement

38、can make them happier.(5).What does the author intend to tell us with the study conducted by Andreas Kuhn“s team?（分数：14.20）A.The Austrian employment-insurance rules should not have been changed.B.Earlier retirement from work should not be encouraged.C.Too much smoking and drinking is dangerous to on

39、e“s health.D.Blue-collar workers should put off their retirement.Amitai Etzioni is not surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks(骗子). As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989, he ended his work there disgusted with his students“ overwhelming lust for mone

40、y. “They“re taught that profit is all that matters,“ he says. “Many schools don“t even offer ethics (伦理学) courses at all.“ Etzioni expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students. “By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more

41、to life than money, power, fame and self-interest,“ he wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be.“ “I really feel like I failed them,“ he says. “If I was a better teacher maybe I could have reached them.“ Etzioni was a respected ethics expert w

42、hen he arrived at Harvard. He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could he applied to places where serf-interest flourished. What he found wasn“t encouraging. Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and mor

43、ality in the boardroomand their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways. Etzioni sees the experience at Harvard as an eye-opening one and says there“s much about business schools that he“d like to change. “A lot of the faculty teaching

44、 business are bad news them-selves.“ Etzioni says. From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests, Etzioni has seen a lot that“s left him shaking his head. And because of what he“s seen taught in business sc

45、hools, he“s not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals. “In many ways things have got a lot worse at business schools, I suspect,“ says Etzioni. Etzioni is still teaching the sociology of right and wrong and still calling for ethical business leadership. “People with poor motives will al

46、ways exist,“ he says. “Sometimes environments con-strain those people and sometimes environments give those people opportunity. “Etzioni says the booming economy of the last decade enabled those individuals with poor motives to get rich before getting in trouble. His hope now: that the cries for ref

47、orm will provide more fertile soil for his long-standing messages about business ethics.（分数：12.50）(1).What impressed Amitai Etzioni most about Harvard MBA students?（分数：2.50）A.Their keen interest in business courses.B.Their intense desire for money.C.Their tactics for making profits.D.Their potential

48、 to become business leaders.(2).Why did Amitai Etzioni say “I really feel like I failed them“ (Line 4, Para. 2)?（分数：2.50）A.He was unable to alert his students to corporate malpractice.B.He didn“t teach his students to see business in new and different ways.C.He could not get his students to understa

49、nd the importance of ethics in business.D.He didn“t offer courses that would meet the expectations of the business-leaders-to-be.(3).Most would-be executives at the Harvard Business School believed that _.（分数：2.50）A.questions of morality were of utmost importance in business affairsB.self-interest should not be the top priority in business dealingsC.new and different principles should be taught at business schoolsD.there was no place for ethics and morality in business dealings(4).In Etzioni“s vi