大学四级-1890及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1890 及答案解析(总分：523.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.1. 简单介绍旅行的时间及目的；2. 请描述一下当时旅游的情况；3. 谈谈自己的体会和感受。A Trip to .（分数：1.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：2，分数：17.00)2.In terms of the gap between men and women on emotional well-being, Linda Sax believes that one aspect is men tend to engage in

2、leisure and activities which are 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_Child AbuseDefinition of Child AbuseChild abuse is also called cruelty to children, which is the purposeful infliction (施加) of pain and suffering on children through physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment. Prior to the 1970s, the term child abu

3、se normally referred only to physical mistreatment. But since then its application has expanded to include physical violence; unjustifiable verbal abuse; the failure to supply proper shelter, nourishment, medical treatment, or emotional support; sexual misbehaviors; and the use of children in illega

4、l fields.Current Situation of Child AbuseSurveys in North America and Europe indicate that between 10 and 30 percent of young girls are subjected to exploitation or abuse as widely defined above. Estimates of abuse or neglect by parents or guardians range from about 1 out of every 100 children to mo

5、re than 1 in 7, and figures are far higher if emotional abuse and neglect are included. Although widely prevalent, child abuse is often overlooked by family, friends, and health professionals. Prejudice, anxiety, and shamenot lack of informationseem to be the major reasons for the failure to recogni

6、ze the private acts of violence. Child abuse can have serious future consequences for its victims, including delays in physical growth, damaged language abilities, and problems in personality development, learning, and behavior.Causes of Child AbuseCruelty to children has several major causes. Abusi

7、ve behavior of parents can be viewed as responses to stressful situations and feelings of powerlessness. As such, they show the abnormal efforts of adults to master situations that are out of their control and to regain a psychological balance through the force on defenseless children. Studies have

8、shown that a large part of parents who abuse their children were themselves physically or emotionally mistreated during their childhood. Typically over disciplined and deprived of parental love in their childhood, these parents repeat the pattern with their own children, often in the belief that the

9、y are rightfully exercising their parental right to punish a child.Legal Issues of Child AbuseThe legal definition of child abuse differs between societies and has changed greatly over time. For example, some European countries prohibit the use of physical violence to execute discipline, but others

10、permit moderate forms of power infliction. Despite these differences, the abusive treatment of children, however it is defined, is widely forbidden by criminal laws. One of the earliest national laws to protect children from cruel treatment was adopted in Great Britain in 1884, when the National Soc

11、iety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was organized. Similar organizations subsequently were created in other countries. In the United States in 1875, New York became the first state to establish laws to protect children. Its laws served as a model for other states, all of which developed l

12、aws defining child abuse a criminal offense.Social Efforts in Combating Child AbuseSince the 1970s, conservative and feminists(女权主义) groups, for different reasons, have sought measures to combat child abuse. Although earlier campaigns against child abuse had emphasized the threat caused by strangers

13、, feminists stressed the greater danger brought by male intimates, such as fathers, stepfathers, uncles, and brothers. Because abuse by male relatives is rarely reported, child- welfare supporters called for new laws that would allow greater intervention (干涉) by outside professionals. During the 197

14、0s and 1980s; most states adopted some form of reporting procedure, by which doctors, teachers, and social workers were required to report any cases that might show suspected child abuse. The courts also change their procedures to grant more protection to victims. For example, judges and lawyers wer

15、e encouraged to ask questions in a way that did not puzzle or frighten children.Dangers of Overreaction to Child AbuseBy the mid 1980s, child abuse was considered a leading social problem in the United States and other Western countries. The extent of the problem seemed to be increasing, and many cl

16、aims were made about the serious situation of child abuse. In part this was the result of new methods used by social workers and psychotherapists (精神治疗医师) to interview children suspected of being abused. Interviews conducted with these methods often suggested that the child had been mistreated, so m

17、any of the children who reported abuse through the new methods were inventing die stories. As critics later pointed out, the methods-which involved repeatedly asking leading and suggestive questions and rewarding children for giving the “right“ answersencouraged children to tell false stories of abu

18、se or to believe, contrary to fact, that abuse had taken place.One significant series of cases involving such reports were the trials beginning in 1984 of Virginia McMartin, founder of the McMartin Preschool in Manhattan Beach, California, and others on dozens of cases of child abuse. Most of the ch

19、arges, which were based on reports of abuse collected in interviews with hundreds of students, were finally dropped for lack of evidence. In 1990, the last case resulting from the affair ended in a mistrial (无效审判), Even so, the careers of the McMartin family, as well as their reputations, were mined

20、.Recent developmentsDuring the early 1990s, charges of child abuse had to face serious criticism, which caused a reverse to the child-protection movement. Following a number of well-publicized cases of child sexual abuse and murder in the early 1990s, many U.S. states passed laws, which provided for

21、 the lengthy detention (拘留) of sex offenders, especially those who had aimed at children. They passed other laws, including variations of Megans law, which required that local schools, day-care facilities, and residents be informed by police of sex offenders in their communities. The laws were widel

22、y imitated in Europe. Nevertheless, reports of child abuse in developed countries grew sharply in the 1990s. Japan, for example, recorded a ten-fold increase in the period 19902000.Opinions about the scale and nature of child abuse have changed greatly since the 1960s, and the notion that children a

23、re widely subject to abuse and exploitation has become firmly fixed in the public ideas. Child abuse has also become a major topic of study in academy; themes of abuse are now common in the social and behavioral sciences, as well as in such diverse subjects as literature, social theory, and cultural

24、 and womens studies. The increasing interest in child abuse, child protection, and childrens rights was one of the most significant social developments of the late 20th century.（分数：10.00）(1).Nowadays if parents havent provided proper medical treatment to their children, they are kind of abusing them

25、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).When people estimate the scale of child abuse, emotional abuse and neglect are always ignored.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Those who are abused in childhood will probably have language problems in future.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Some parents abuse their children because they have been treated

26、 in an extremely kind way during their childhood.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The earliest national law to protect children from abuse is instituted in Great Britain.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Feminists believe that children are more likely to be abused by the men who have a dose relationship with them.（分数：1.00）填空项

27、 1:_(7).In mid 80s, some American children tended to make stories of being abused for fun.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The courts encourage judges and lawyers to use language which will not _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Trials of Virginia McMartin have ruined the _ of her family.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Japan has record

28、ed a ten-fold increase of child abuse during _ years.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：154.00)(1).A. Its price. B. Its location. C. Its comfort. D. Its facilities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Travel overseas. B. Look for a new job. C. Take a photo. D. Adopt a child.（

29、分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It is a routine offer. B. It is new on the menu.C. It is quite healthy. D. It is a good bargain.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Near a railway station. B. Near a famous college.C. In a residential area. D. In the central business district.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Less than 15 students.

30、 B. Less than 10 students.C. About 20 students. D. About 25 students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. In apartments. B. In dormitories.C. In student centers. D. In local families.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Get some small change. B. Find a shopping center.C. Cash a check at a bank. D. Find a parking meter.（分数：7.

31、00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Shopping with his son. B. Buying a gift for a child.C. Promoting a new product. D. Bargaining with a salesgirl.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Taking photographs. B. Enhancing images.C. Mending cameras. D. Painting pictures.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B.

32、 He can provide little useful information.C. He will show the woman around Baltimore.D. He will ask someone else to help the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He is rather disappointed. B. He is highly ambitious.C. He cant face up to the situation. D. He knows his own limitations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A.

33、 She must have paid a lot for the gym.B. She is known to have a terrific figure.C. Her gym exercises has yielded good results.D. Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. Female students are unfit for studying physics.B. He can serve as the womans tutor.C. Physics is an i

34、mportant course at school.D. The professors suggestion is constructive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Pleased. D. Surprised.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She has trouble getting along with the professor. B. She knows that the professor has run into trouble. C. She knows that the prof

35、essor has been very busy this term. D. She regrets having taken up much of the professors time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He is used to the cold weather. B. He expected the weather to be warmer. C. He has never liked the weather in April. D. He didnt see the forecast for next week.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).

36、A. He wont go shopping without a guard. B. He left his room key in a shop. C. He cant get into the guard room. D. He couldnt find his room key.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Wait for a taxi. B. Buy some food. C. Take a train. D. Book train tickets.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She feels uncomfortable in water. B

37、. She prefers swimming to sailing. C. She is also excited about sailing. D. She isnt sure how she feels about sailing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. The lectures are usually crowded. B. The lecture has already started. C. It is easy for them to get seats. D. The lecture may be canceled.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7)

38、.A. He will finish the paper rafter playing basketball. B. He hasnt finished doing his assignment yet. C. He stays in the dormitory with his roommates. D. He is playing basketball with his roommates.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Meet him at the cafeteria. B. Go to the cafeteria without him. C. Bring him s

39、omething from the cafeteria. D. Wait for a while until he becomes hungry.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He lost consciousness. B. He was buried under an icebox.C. He was seriously injured. D. He

40、was slightly wounded.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Around eight days. B. About four days.C. A day and a half. D. More than six days.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His father pulled him out in time. B. He stayed in an icebox.C. He left the area before the earthquake. D. Their house escaped the earthquake.（分数：7.00

41、）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. American society. B. American culture.C. Americans personality. D. Americans activity.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Americans always seem to be on the move.B. Americans know a lot about international aff

42、airs.C. Americans are very patient.D. Americans are comfortable with silence during a conversation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They are really interested in your life.B. They want to learn about you as quickly as possible.C. They intend to know the answer to the question.D. They do not know how to commu

43、nicate with others properly.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because they are too proud of themselves.B. Because they are not interested in other countries.C. Because they are too busy to learn about other countries.D. Because their country does not have many neighboring nations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A By tax

44、ing public services. C By providing needed services.B By making people pay for private bills. D By collecting taxes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A Nobody would take care of the city. C There would be no protection from crime.B There would be no schools. D People would be very happy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A Ed

45、ucation. C Administration. B Public security. D Transportation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)To be a good teacher, you need some of the (36) of a good actor. You must be able to hold the attention and interest of your (37) ; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, (38) voice;

46、 and you must be able to act what you are teaching, to make its meaning (39) comprehensible.Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not just sit (40) before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his (41) . Lis

47、ten to him, and you will hear the (42) , the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.The fact that a good teacher has some of the qualities of a good actor doesnt mean that he will (43) be able to act well on the stage. (44) . The actor has to

48、speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. (45) .A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_