大学四级-1870及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1870 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay commenting on the evaluation of teachers performance done by the students. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chines

2、e.1不少大学让学生参与任课老师的测评。2学生测评任课老师所考虑的主要因素是3学生测评老师的益处及可能产生的问题。（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. He is eager to visit his in-laws on the farm.B. He cant go this weekend.C. They should stay longer on the farm.D. They shouldnt spend too much money.（分数：7.10）A.B

3、.C.D.(2).A. Turn the alarm off. B. Move his alarm clock.C. Go to bed earlier. D. Stay far away from his bed.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. At 9:00. B. At 9:30. C. At 11:00. D. At 11:30.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. In a library. B. In a bookstore.C. In a training center. D. In a publishing house.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D

4、.(5).A. Painting a cabinet. B. Moving office furniture.C. Reading a news bulletin. D. Hanging a poster.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Repair the roof.B. Have the car repainted.C. Try to find out what has happened to her car.D. Got extremely angry.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. $1.20. B. $9.8. C. $4.9. D. $8.9.（分数

5、：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The weather forecast has often being wrong.B. Actually it is going to snow tomorrow morning.C. They will have more time tomorrow.D. Everybody has been expecting snow.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Where to live in the coming semester.B. When to move.C. Whose house to rent.D. How much m

6、oney to spend on accommodation.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. There are too many freshmen on campus.B. Its too noisy.C. The dorm rooms are too small.D. It costs too much.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. April. B. May. C. August. D. September.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Grades. B. Privacy. C. Money. D. Health.（分数：7.10）A

7、.B.C.D.(1).A. To go camping. B. To prepare for the final exams.C. To go to a pop music concert. D. To work at the Student Center.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Its now her turn to give a treat.B. She gets a students discount.C. Bob lost his wallet while camping in the countryside.D. Bob doesnt have very mu

8、ch money.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His ticket only. B. Their camping expenses.C. His supper only. D. Their supper.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. Only left-handed women.B. Only right-handed women.C. Both right-handed and left-handed women.D. Women carryin

9、g grocery parcels.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To see how the women carried their babies.B. To see whether women carried packages and babies differently.C. To find what the women bought in the supermarkets.D. To find whether the women were left-handed or right-handed.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because at th

10、at time mothers can develop an instinct to hold the baby on the left.B. Because the babys response to the mother is released right after birth.C. Because soon after birth the baby can hear the mothers heartbeat.D. Because the mother gets a certain stimulus by holding the baby right after birth.（分数：7

11、.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. They always hold their babies on the right.B. They hold their babies on the left at the time of stress.C. They sense that their babies are comfortable while listening to mothers heartbeat.D. They miss the critical period and dont have the instinct to hold their babies on the left.

12、（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. Irrigating desert with cold seawater.B. Creative uses of cold seawater.C. Techniques for preserving the environmentD. Cold seawater and energy conservation.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To supply water to average household.B. To provide sir-conditioning

13、.C. To bring nutrients to the soil.D. To adjust the soil temperature.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Air-conditioning is another use for seawater.B. Air-conditioning is necessary for growing vegetables in hot climates.C. Air-conditioning is used to cool irrigation water.D. Air-conditioning is used to preser

14、ve food in hot climates.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. A recent textbook assignment.B. Requirements for the final examinations.C. How to choose research topics.D. Requirements for preparing an outline of research papers.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. In six weeks. B. During the foll

15、owing week.C. In two weeks. D. By Friday.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To present final papers.B. To give a model of outline style.C. To discuss the preliminary outline.D. To discuss final grades.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The trends toward globalization began in earnest in the early 1970

16、s when the system of fixed exchange rates, set up after World War , was dismantled (解除). This meant that the value of (26) would now be determined by the markets instead of individual governments. Over the next two decades, countries slowly began to (27) their exchange controls. By 1990, nearly all

17、worlds major (28) had got rid of restrictions on how much money could be moved in and out their countries.Other factors (29) the rise of globalization are new communications technologies, and better transportation systems. These have enabled (30) to grow into multinationalsproducing goods on one sid

18、e of the planet and selling them on the other.But (31) this “economic order“ is proving difficult. In the developed world, and in particular European Union, globalization is facing widespread public (32) . Critics complain that, without the protection of trade (33) , jobs are being lost to workers i

19、n poorer countries, and wages for employees in rich counties are falling. Opponents in the European Union point to the effects that globalization has had in the US and Britain. In those countries, wages are stagnant (停滞不前)except for (34) . And taxes and welfare benefits have been reduced to help com

20、panies compete with industries in the developing world.However, those in favor of globalization accuse their critics of being shortsighted, claiming (35) global economy will ultimately benefit everyone because it will enable countries to specialize in those areas where they perform best.（分数：71.00）填空

21、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Let us see how dictionaries are made and how editors arrive at definitions. The task of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of vast amounts of the (36) of the pe

22、riod or the subject that the dictionary is to cover. As editors read, they copy on cards every interesting or rare word, every unusual or (37) occurrence of a common word, a large number of common words in their ordinary uses, and also the sentences in which each of these words appears, thus:PailThe

23、 daily pails bring home increase of milk.Keats, EndymionThe (38) of each word is collected, along with the word itself. For a really big job of dictionary writing, such as the Oxford English Dictionary, millions of such cards are collected, and the task of editing (39) decades. As the cards are coll

24、ected, they are alphabetized and (40) . When the sorting is completed, there will be for each word anywhere from two or three to several hundred (41) quotations, each on its card. Each of the cards (42) an actual use of the word by a writer of some literary or historical importance. He reads the car

25、ds (43) , discards some, re-read the rest, and finally he writes his definitions. The editor cannot be (44) by what he thinks a given word ought to mean. He must work according to the cards, or not at all.The writing of a dictionary, therefore, is not a task of setting up (45) statements about the “

26、true meaning“ of words, but a task of recording, to the best of ones ability, what various words have meant to authors of in the distant or immediate past. The writer of a dictionary is a historian, not a lawgiver.A. cautiouslyB. pointsC. literatureD. familiarE. influencedF. occupiesG. significantH.

27、 illustrativeI. consciouslyJ. contextK. peculiarL. environmentM. sortedN. representsO. authoritative（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Science of InterruptionsA In 2000, Gloria Mark was hired as a professor at the Universit

28、y of California. She would arrive at her desk in the morning, full of energy and ready to tackle her to-do list. No sooner had she started one task than a colleague would e-mail her with an urgent request; when she went to work on that, the phone would ring. At the end of the day, Mark had accomplis

29、hed a fraction of what she set out to do. Lots of people complain that office multitasking drives them nuts. But Mark studies how high-tech devices affect our behavior, so she was able to do more than complain: she set out to measure how nuts weve all become.B Marks study also revealed that interrup

30、tions are often crucial to office work. The high-tech workers admitted that many of their daily distractions were essential to their jobs. When someone forwards you an urgent e-mail message, its often something you really do need to see; if a mobile phone call breaks through, it might be the call th

31、at saves your hide. For some computer engineers and academics, this realization has begun raise an attractive possibility: perhaps we can find an ideal middle ground. If high-tech work distractions are inevitable, maybe we can reengineer them so we receive all of their benefits but few of their down

32、sides.C The science of interruptions began more than 100 years ago with the emergence of telegraph operatorsthe first high-stress, time-sensitive information-technology jobs. Psychologists discovered that if someone spoke to a telegraph operator while he was keying a message, the operator was more l

33、ikely to make errors.D Later, psychologists determined that whenever workers needed to focus on a job that required the monitoring of data, presentation was all important. Using this knowledge, cockpits (驾驶舱) for fighter pilots were carefully designed so that each dial and meter could be read with j

34、ust a glance. Still, such issues seemed remote from the lives of everyday workers. Then, in the 1990s, computers began to experience a rapid increase in speed and power. “Multitasking“ was born; instead of simply working on one program for hours at a time, a computer user work on several simultaneou

35、sly. Office workers now stare at computer screens of overwhelming complexity, as they juggle (操纵) messages, text documents, PowerPoint presentations and Web browsers. In the modern office we are all fighter pilots.EInformation is no longer a scarce resourceattention is. 20 years ago, an office worke

36、r had two types of communication technology, a phone, which required an instant answer, and postal mail, which took days. Now people have dozens of possibilities between these two poles. The result is something like “continuous partial attention“, which makes us so busy keeping an eye on everything

37、that we ever fully focus on anything. This can actually be a positive feeling, in as much as he constant email dinging makes us feel needed and desired. But what happens when you take that to the extreme? You get overwhelmed. Sanity lies in danger.F In 1997, Microsoft recruited Mary Czerwinski, who

38、once worked in NASAs Human-computer Interaction Lab, to conduced basic research into how computer affect human behavior. To find out, she took 39 office workers and installed software on their computers that would record every mouse click. She discovered that computer users were as restless as hummi

39、ng bird. On average, they juggled eight windows at the same time. More astonishing, they would spend barely 20 seconds looking at one window before flipping to another. Why constant shifting? In part it was because of the way computers are laid out. A computer offers very little visual real estate.

40、A Microsoft Word document can cover almost an entire screen. Once you begin multitasking, a computer desktop quickly becomes buried in windows. When someone is interrupted, it takes just over 23 minutes to cycle back to the original task. Once their work becomes buried beneath a screenful of interru

41、ptions, office workers appear to forget what tasks they were originally pursuing. The central danger of interruptions is not the interruption at all, but the confusion they bring to our short-term memory.G When Mark and Czerwinski, working separately, looked at the desks of the people they were stud

42、ying, they each notice the same thing: Post-it notes. Workers would write brief reminders of the task they were supposed to be working on (“Test DAs PC, Waiting for AL. etc“). Then they would place them directly in their fields of vision, often in a circle around the edge of their computer screens.H

43、 These piecemeal efforts at coping pointed to ways that our high-tech tools could be engineered to be less distracting. Czerwinski also noticed many Microsoft people attached three monitors to their computers. They placed their applications on different screensthe email on the right side, a Web brow

44、ser on the right and their main work project in the middleso that each application was read at a glance. When the ding on their email program went off, they just peek to the left to see the message. The workers said this arrangement made them feel calmer.I But did more screen area actually help with

45、 cognition? To find out, Czerwinski had 15 volunteers sit in front of a regular size 38-cm monitor and complete a variety of tasks designed to challenge their concentrationa Web search, some cutting and pasting, and memorizing phone numbers. Then the volunteers repeated the tasks using a computer wi

46、th a massive 105-cm screen. On the bigger screen, some people completed the tasks as much as 44% more quickly. In two decades of research, Czerwinski had never seen a single change to a computer system so significantly improve a users productivity. The clearer your screen, the calmer your mind.J Mar

47、k compared the way people work when sitting in cubicles with how they work when theyre at different locations and interact online. She discovered people working in cubicles suffer more interruptions, but they have better interruptions because their co-workers have a social sense of what theyre doing

48、. When you work next to others, they sense whether youre deeply immersed or relatively free to talk and interrupt you accordingly.K Why dont computers work this way? Instead of alerting us to email messages the instant they arrive, our machines could deliver them at optimum moments, when our brains are relaxed. Eric Horvitz at Microsoft is trying to do precisely that. He has been building automated reaso