大学四级-1838及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1838 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Dictionary. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 电子词典的优点； 2. 电子词

2、典的缺点；3. 你的观点。_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic about genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety

3、and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions-and vocal green lobbies-the idea seems against nature.In fact, genetically modified foods are already much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were

4、 the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved, like new product entering th

5、e food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy count, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from-and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and und

6、erfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050. the UN estimates, it will be probably near 9 billion. Almost all

7、that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Ap

8、plications (ISAAA).How can biotech help?Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene (-胡萝卜素)-which the body converts into vitamin A-and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve far

9、ming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi(真菌).Damage caused by pests (有害物) is incredible. The European corn borer (玉米螟), for example, destroys 40 million tons of the worlds corn crops annual

10、ly, about 7% of the total. Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantly. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfoun

11、ded.Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassava(木薯) crop-a key source of calories-to the mosaic virus(花叶病毒). Genetically modified, virusresistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regi

12、ons where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity (毒性) in rice has been identified.Many scient

13、ists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested.Yet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger.

14、Poverty plays the largest role. Today more than i billion people around the globe live on less than 1 dollar a day. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce.

15、Biotech has its own“ distribution“ problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research on genetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products wont even reach the

16、regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup(补偿) the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries.More and more biotech research is bei

17、ng carried out in developing countries. But to increase the impact of genetic research on tile food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies-both local and in developed countries-and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, for example, is successf

18、ully partnering with the US Agency for International Development, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Will“ Franken-foods“ feed the world?Biotech is not a panacea(治百病的药), but it does promise to transform agriculture

19、 in many developing countries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suffer for years to come.The world seems increasingly to have been divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing gene

20、tically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, genetic engineering-which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods-will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the worlds bur

21、geoning (增长迅速的) population. Skeptics contend that genetically modified crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to health-risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of genetically modified agricultural pr

22、oducts. Much of the debate hinges on perceptions of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards?Two years ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco-vandals stormed a field, crushing canola plants. Last year in Maine, midnight raiders hacked down more than 3 000 experimental

23、poplar trees. And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls.This far-flung(广泛的) outrage took aim at genetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred. In each case, activists mistook ordinary plants for ge

24、netically modified varieties.Its easy to understand why. In a way, genetically modified crops-now on some 109 million acres of farmland worldwide-are invisible. You cant see, taste or touch a gene inserted into a plant or sense its effects on the environment. You cant tell, just by looking, whether

25、pollen(花粉) containing a foreign gene can poison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away. That invisibility is precisely what worries people. How, exactly, will genetically modified crops affect the environment-and when will we notice?Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the p

26、lants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops. But critics fear the potential risks and wonder how big the benefits really are. “We have so many questions about these plants,“ remarks Guenther Stotzky, a soil microbiologist at New York University. “Th

27、eres a lot we dont know and need to find out. “As genetically modified crops multiply in the landscape, unprecedented numbers of researchers have started fanning into the fields to get the missing information. Some of their recent findings ,are reassuring; others suggest a need for vigilance(警惕).（分数

28、：70.00）(1).Majority of people in those countries maintaining a long history of agriculture believe genetically modified crop causes environmental problems.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).More than half genetically modified corn was planted in the US last year.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The reason why the debate on gen

29、etically modified foods more heated in developing countries is that the supply outstrips the need.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to the UNs prediction, the growth population from now to 2050 is nearly all in developed countries.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Genetically modified crops can help to improve nutrie

30、nt contents and farming productivity.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Drought was the reason that led to the loss of more than half of Asian main food last year.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The most important factor that leads to hunger in developing countries is lost crops.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Those people and countries

31、which are restricting and opposed to genetically modified plants worry about_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The far-flung outrage destroys fields and plants because they misidentified_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Some people boost genetically modified crops on the condition that these altered plants contain_（分数：7.00）填

32、空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. It was ordinary. B. It was enjoyable.C. It was acceptable. D. It was terrible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Their concert failed to attract the audience. B. Richard remembered all his lines.C. No one performed as well as Richard.

33、D. Richard didnt perform well yesterday.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They will make peace sooner or later. B. They may not get together again.C. They are born to be together. D. They should quarrel more often.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The weather forecast. B. The cancellation of playing tennis.C. The hot w

34、eather. D. The tennis being played.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. To put off the trip. B. To cancel the flight.C. To request a wake-up service. D. To wake up as early as possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She will buy a pet for him if he agrees. B. She will look after his house while he is abroad.C. She will

35、 look after his pet while he is away. D. She will lend her pet to him if he wants one.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She didnt want to come to the class. B. She cannot come to the class.C. She is late for the class today. D. She is not reliable for sending messages.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She does well in

36、American History. B. She knows little about this course.C. She doesnt like American History. D. She doesnt believe in the man.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The manager. B. Himself.C. The housekeepers. D. The conference.（分数：7.00

37、）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are too busy these days. B. People in charge are on business.C. These are not their fault. D. The woman should blame on herself.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Fix the air-conditioner. B. Take a pillow to the womans room.C. Take toilet paper to the womans room. D. Clean the toilet for h

38、er.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. About television commercials. B. His opinions on her term paper.C. About the deadline for the paper. D. His suggestions on what to read.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Three time periods. B. Four time p

39、eriods.C. Five time periods. D. Six time periods.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The morning commercials. B. The mid-morning commercials.C. The 12 oclock commercials. D. The 10 oclock commercials.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Finish the reading. B. Find out the approach.C. Collect the sample. D. Write the paper.（

40、分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. They liked the alcohol served on the wagon. B. They decided to stop drinking alcohol.C. They enjoyed having one drink after another. D. They liked to drink on the wa

41、gon specially.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because selling alcohol earns America large sums of money.B. Because alcohol is not as health-threatening as they thought.C. Because the old law failed to stop alcohol drinking.D. Because they found a better way to stop alcohol drinking.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. B

42、y teaching students how to drive after drinking.B. By inventing new kinds of drugs to treat alcohol.C. By reducing the importation of alcohol from other countries.D. By punishing people heavily for driving after drinking alcohol.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage

43、 you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Its a highway within the state of California. B. Its deserted because few people come here.C. It is a section of the Lincoln Highway. D. It goes across several states in America.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Rich agricultural lands. B. Busy truck traffic.C. Rolling hi

44、lls and mountains. D. Cattle grazing on the grasslands.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because many trucks are produced there.B. Because Chicago people like driving trucks.C. Because Chicago is an important business center.D. Because Chicago is an agricultural center.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions

45、32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. They can arrive at the fire spots by plane. B. They are good at putting out smoke.C. They work harder than any other firemen. D. They are experts at putting out chemical fires.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because not many smoke jumper

46、s are needed.B. Because few forest fetes break out in America each year.C. Because few firefighters meet the smoke jumpers standards.D. Because its expensive to train smoke jumpers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He is going to work as a smoke jumper.B. He used to be a smoke jumper before retirement.C. He s

47、topped working as a smoke jumper 23 years ago.D. He has worked as a smoke jumper for 50 years.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Spending all night putting out fires. B. Jumping on beautiful places by parachute.C. The high salaries for the dangerous job. D. The expensive and beautiful equipments.（分数：7.00）A.B.C

48、.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The three “ING“s refer to betting, drinking and tipping, the ending for each of which is ING. The British people are great lovers of betting. It is (36) that the total amount stakes on all forms of gambling (37) 2000 million, or one twentieth of all earnings. This is a reduced (38) . In 1975, the amount was more than 8000 million.Tipping is a custom which (39) from Britain. As elsewhere in the West, the tip depends on the type and (40) of the service you have received. In some hotels, a service (41) of 10 and 15 percent will be added to your