大学四级-1836及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1836 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.有人认为大学生应该参加体育锻炼2. 另一人认为大学生没有必要参加体育锻炼3. 我的看法Should Students Take Physical Exercise?（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).AA gardener.BA farmer.CA cleaner.DA worker.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).AHe w

2、orks at the fruit counter.BHe delivers groceries to customers.CHe serves as a cashier.DHe cleans the shelves.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).AShe wants to take the place of Prof. Green.BShe wants to know whether Prof. Green will be able to teach this afternoon.CShe wonders whether she should find someone else

3、to teach Prof. Greens class.DShe is not sure if she can teach Prof, Greens class.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).AThe credits required for a degree in education.BThe requirements of an MA degree.CThe credit hours required for a degree in psychology.DThe requirements of a thesis.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).AInterestin

4、g.BComplicated.CTouching.DAttractive.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).AThe trees can make the campus beautiful.BShe would like the air conditioner on.CThe trees help cool down the air.DShe doesnt need to turn on her air conditioner anymore.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).AIt is not worth talking about.BIt is quite appropr

5、iate.CIt should cover more events.DIt should be narrowed down.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).AGo to the concert with the man.BAttend the concert next week.CStay at home to prepare for the test.DAttend the concert after the exam is over.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).AAt her parents home.BAt her own home.CIn a hotel.DAt

6、 the mans home.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).AGo boating.BGo bowling together.CPlay cards.DWatch TV programs.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).AShe never eats leftovers.BShe doesnt care about leftovers.CShe thinks it is a bad thing to have leftovers.DShe likes leftovers because she doesnt have to cook.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1

7、).AFriends.BPolice officer and researcher.CColleagues.DPolice officer and program hostess.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).AUndercover work.BPatrol.CDetective work.DSupervising investigations.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).AThey always face rude people.BThey always deal with dangerous events.CThey cant predict what will

8、happen next minute.DThey are too timid.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).AHe is an experienced police officer.BHe is good at supervising.CHe wants to leave his job.DHe doesnt like his work.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).AA flood. BA storm. CHeat. DAn earthquake.（分数：7.

9、10）A.B.C.D.(2).ASunlight.BHeat waves.CNatural disaster.DLow nighttime temperature.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).ADrink warm water.BStay away from the sun.CWear dark colored clothing.DWear tight clothes.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).AThe tree blocked the road.BThe driver was young and inex

10、perienced.CThe driver was distracted.DThe driver was driving the car at night.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).ATexting on a cell phone.BReaching for a cell phone.CTalking on a cell phone.DLooking at a cell phone.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).AThey have learnt more about driving.BThey have learnt to avoid large stuff on

11、 the road.CThey have paid more attention to the safety of driving.DThey have known more about the policy of insurance companies.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).ATo do research.BTo create new knowledge.CTo complete the professors assignments.DTo summarize what other people have wr

12、itten.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).ACollecting data.BFollowing others.CArguing against others.DTaking a stand.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).ATheir writings are redundant.BTheir sentences are too short.CTheir sentences are not beautiful.DThe main idea is too simple.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).ATurn to their classmates for h

13、elp.BMake out the requirements for them.CRefer to the Internet for material.DAsk their professors to write for them.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)An American study has shown a link between activities on the surface of the sun and weather conditions on Earth. Small changes in the suns (

14、26) can produce effects on Earth, resembling two weather events in warm waters of the Pacific Ocean. The two events are (27) known as La Nina and E1 Nino. Reports say the study may (28) better predictions of temperatures, rainfall and the intensity of weather systems.Scientists measure solar activit

15、ies by counting dark areas on the suns surface. These sun spots produce (29) of energy. Other scientists have shown that sun spot activities can be measured in periods of time that last about 11 years. The total energy reaching Earth from the sun rises and falls by just (30) across this solar cycle.

16、In the new study, scientists (31) examined more than 100 years of ocean temperature records. They also used computer programs designed to reproduce the worlds climate. They found the highest levels of solar activities cause small, but (32) effects on weather systems around the world. These periods o

17、f high activity are known as solar maximum. A report says that at maximum activity, the small increase in sunshine over several years causes a small temperature increase in Earths (33) . This is especially true in cloud-free areas of the Pacific.The extra heat is enough to cause ocean waters to (34)

18、 into the air. This wet air is then carried by trade winds to the (35) rainy areas of the western Pacific, near the Equator. This creates more rainfall.（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Karen

19、Collins Henry, who lost her real estate job when the housing market began to collapse in 2007, says her (36) for work in a variety of fields have been rejected or ignored, so shes given up looking. Last fall, she began taking computer graphics (37) and is pinning her hopes on a career developing vid

20、eo games that help (38) needs students learn in the classroom.Henry is among a growing number of (39) people in the Washington region opting for job training, some using government funding and others getting tax credits, to reinvent (改头换面) themselves after an often drawn-out and (40) search for work

21、.Training officials caution that theres (41) guarantee that a job will be waiting given the economic climate, even in the Washington area, where closeness to the federal government has (42) shielded the region from the large-scale job losses seen in other parts of the nation.The government is focusi

22、ng much attention on creating 3 million green jobs, attempting to (43) that by increasing customer demand. Under President Obamas economic stimulus plan, the tax credit for homeowners who purchase energy-efficient improvements, such as air conditioners, heat pumps or furnaces, will (44) to 30 percen

23、t from 10 percent.So far, job training officials say such jobs have been slow to (45) .Aachieve Favoid KlittleBunemployed Gfruitless LmaterializeCcourses Happlications MdiminishDobscure Ispecial NincreaseEvividly Jlargely Oexecution（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空

24、项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)How Stressed Parents Affect Their KidsAWhen it comes to finding culprits for everything thats wrong with us as children and even as adults, parents are everyones favorite default option. And why not? Decades of research in child development and psychology have

25、 linked depression from mother to childrens mental and physical illness as well as language defects, shown that when the parents marriage is broken by conflict, children grow up to be emotionally insecure and have difficulty forming loving adult relationships, and found that when parents are under s

26、ignificant stress, their kids are more likely to have behavior problems, to have difficulty handling stress, and to be at greater risk for mental illness. If there was any doubt about the power of this parental legacy, a latest study should prove it: when parents are under emotional, financial, or o

27、ther forms of stress, it can alter their childrens patterns of genetic activity at least through their youth and perhaps longer. This is the first time scientists have ever found a link between parental stress in early childhood and the condition of their childrens DNA. As such, it represents the ne

28、xt frontier in the study of nature and nurture; identifying how the experiences we have (nurture) affect our DNA (nature). The groundwork was laid with research on lab rats, where scientists at McGill University showed that when mother rats devotedly lick and train their offsprings (动物幼子), it sets o

29、ff a wave of changes: it activates a gene that makes a receptor for stress hormones (荷尔蒙) in the baby rats brains, which causes more receptors to be produced, fewer stress hormones to course through the rats, and the rats to be well-adjusted, curious, and mature rather than stressful, fearful, and s

30、tressed-out (as rats whose mothers did not lick and train them become).BChild abuse and even depression from mother, studies show, can do to people what careless rat mothers did to their pups: silence the stress-hormone receptor in the brain. In the brains of people who were abused as children and l

31、ater took their own lives, the gene for the stress-hormone receptor is more likely to be “off“ than it is.in people who did not kill himself or were not abused, found a 2009 study. In people, as in rats, when this gene is silenced, the stress-response system is around the corner, making it extremely

32、 difficult to cope with lifes difficulty, leaving the person more liable to kill himself. In newborns of depressed or anxious mothers, a 2008 study found, this stress-hormone-receptor gene also tends to be silenced. That would put the children, like the rats pups, at risk of growing up to be hyper-s

33、ensitive to, and unable to cope with, stress.CThe new study shows that childhood experiences that fall well short of abuse, or even of having a mother who is depressed, leave their marks on our DNA. Led by Marilyn Essex, professor in the Department of Psychiatry and director of the Life Stress Haman

34、 Development Lab of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, scientists gave question papers to hundreds of parents, who were part of a years-long study, when their kids were infants and again when they were 3.5 and 4.5 years old. The questions asked about depression, financial stress (“how much troubl

35、e do you have paying monthly bills?“), parenting stress (“do you often feel angry with your child?“), and feeling strong (“do you feel pulled apart by all your obligations?“). When the kids were 15, the scientists analyzed their DNA, using cells obtained by cheek.DThe scientists found hundreds of di

36、fferences in the DNA of kids whose parents were in the top 20 percent of stress they will report in an upcoming issue of the journal Child Development. After applying a precise statistical instrument to make sure any “hits“ were not random success, they found that moms high stress during the childre

37、ns infancy altered 139 genes, while dads stress during the childrens pre-school years altered 31 genes. Curiously, moms stress during the pre-school years, and dads stress during his kids infancy, had no genetic effects, perhaps reflecting how dads become more involved once their kids graduate from

38、breast feeding. In another interesting finding, although mothers stress affected both daughters and sons equally, fathers stress had more effect on daughters than sons. That accords with the findings that when dad is emotionally or physically absent, girls tend to enter adolescence earlier and devel

39、op difficult temperaments, while boys do not.EThe on-off status of genes in cells scraped from the cheek may not be identical to the on-off status of genes in brain cells. The point, says Essex, is not to identify the specific genes that parental stress changes, but to establish a fundamental princi

40、ple: that the pathway by which parental stress affects children physically, emotionally, and traces back through our DNA.FWhat might be the impact of these genetic changes? If they affect fundamentals of brain development, it may be permanent; although the adult brain retains enormous powers of plas

41、ticity, the window when the basic wiring takes place tends to slam shut by early adulthood. In other words, some DNA changes, particularly those in genes that dancing movements brain development, may have a lifelong fortune. But that “may“ is crucial. Just as parental stress can alter DNA for the wo

42、rse, later experiences might alter it for the better. That is at the top of Essexs to-do list: identifying the influences that can undo the harmful genetic and other effects of parental stress. Of course, prevention is more effective than treatment. Kids Pick Up on Everything: How Parental Stress Is

43、 Toxic to Kids, a forthcoming book by family therapist David Code argues that the best thing parents can do for their kids is reduce their own levels of stress.GSince we already know that parents marital and financial stress can hurt childrens development, people bearing doubtful ideals might ask wh

44、ether the new study advances the ball. It does. By showing how parenting exerts the effects it doe-namely, by altering which of a childs genes arc turned on and which are turned off-it makes those influences much more real and concrete, much the way brain imaging studies that show addicts brains whe

45、n they desire for heroin made addiction much more real and concrete: just as an addict cant simply summon the willpower to kick his addiction, so a child cannot just shake off the legacy of a troubled infancy and adolescence. That legacy has altered her very DNA.（分数：71.00）(1).A troubled infancy and

46、adolescence has a bad influence on children, which cannot be erased by themselves.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(2).Once genetic changes affect fundamentals of brain development, it may last forever.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(3).Daughters are more likely to be affected by their fathers stress than sons.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(4).

47、According to the new study, having a depressed mother may have influence on childrens genes.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(5).Parents are thought to be responsible for everything thats wrong with their children.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(6).Just like the case in the studies, evil behaviors or moods from mothers affect their children badly.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(7).According to the study, stress from mom during childrens infancy and stress from dad during childrens pre-school years both affect DNA remarkably.（分数：7.10）