大学四级-1834及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1834 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.很多家长给孩子购买各种各样的电子学习设备2.电子学习设备既可以帮助孩子的学习，也可能带来危害3.我的看法On Electronic Tutorial Devices（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)The Real Emerging MarketIt hasnt been easy to find a bright spot in the global economy for a coupl

2、e of years now. Growth markets, once as numerous as no-interest mortgage options, have grown scarce. But in the last few months, economists, consultants, and other business types have begun to track the rise of a new emerging market, one that may end up being the largest and most powerful of all: wo

3、men. According to a new study by the Boston Consulting Group, women are now poised to drive the post-recession world economy, thanks to an estimated $ 5 trillion in new female-earned income that will be coming on line over the next five years. Worldwide, total income for men ( $ 23.4 trillion) is st

4、ill more than double that for women ( $10.5 trillion), but the gap is poised to shrink significantly because the vast majority of new income growth over the next few years will go to women, due to a narrowing wage gap and rising female employment. That means women will be the ones driving the shoppi

5、ngand, economists hope, the recovery. That owth represents the biggest emerging market in the history of the planetmore than twice the size of the two hottest developing markets, India and China, combined.Its shocking stuff, and the impact of the shiftone that few leaders, either in the political wo

6、rld or in business, have fully graspedwill be broad and deep. An August report by Goldman Sachs entitled The Power of the Purse proclaims women the economic engine of the future, noting that future spending by women, which tends to focus more on health, education, and childrens well-being, “should s

7、upport the development of human capital“ to a greater extent than spending by men, thus “fueling economic growth in the years ahead.“ At the same time, the report notes, economic growth continues to support gender equality, a virtuous circle that has already had massive impacts on the status of wome

8、n around the world.While most of us know intuitively that womens place in the world has risen in the last several decades, a look at the hard data is startling, in a good way. Huge improvements in female access to education around the world mean that the literacy rates for young women, which used to

9、 trail those of men by 30 percent or more, are now almost universally within a single digit of mens. Health has improved dramatically, and fertility rates have dropped. While women are still underrepresented in politics, there have been significant gains in recent years, most notably in poor nations

10、countries like Uganda, Burundi, and Macedonia are among those that now have more than 30 percent female legislatures, thanks largely to the implementation of quotas. Around the world, nations are changing laws to give women more equal standing in areas like property, inheritance, and divorce rights.

11、 In many cases, technology and globalization have played an important role in changing attitudes. A 2007 study by the National Bureau of Economic Research on rural India found that within six to seven months of getting cable TV, men and women alike had become more open to the idea of womens autonomy

12、, and more accepting of female participation in household decision making.In fact, women already make the majority of the worlds purchasing decisions. BCG estimates that they control some $12 trillion of the worlds $18.4 trillion in annual consumer spending, and that percentage will likely rise as a

13、 new upwardly mobile class of young female professionals overtakes their male peers in wealth and status. In developed countries, there is already an elite cadre of urban women who are more powerful than their male counterparts. “If you walk down the streets of Manhattan, London, or Frankfurt today,

14、“ notes BCG senior partner Michael J. Silverstein, “and you ask 100 single men and women between the ages of 25 and 30 what they make, the women will make more.“ Its nothing less than the entry of a new generation of potential leaders onto the world stage.Higher female earners in the developed world

15、, coupled with growing female employment participation in poorer countries, is the reason that womens earned income is growing at 8.1 percent versus 5.8 percent for men. The financial crisis has widened this gap, by hitting male jobs hardest. Some 80 percent of job losses in the U. S. during the dow

16、nturn have befallen men, in part because male-dominated areas like manufacturing and financial services have been destroyed during the recession. But the rise of female earning power is a deeper shift that has gone hand in hand with the other economic megatrend of our era: the advancement of emergin

17、g markets. As Goldmans report makes clear, improving gender equality has coincided with the rapid growth of the global middle class. From about1.7 billion people today, this middle Class is expected to reach approximately 3.6 billion by 2030, and 85 percent of the newly wealthy will live in the worl

18、ds major developing nations.Women may also play an important role in reshaping industries like financial services. The female tendency to save may fuel growth of banking services in countries such as India, where roughly half of all household assets are currently held in physical categories like lan

19、d and machinery. The vast unmet desire among Western women for more simple, understandable financial products and services could also help make retail investing in countries like the U. S. more accessible and transparent. Analysts say companies like Visa, Wal-Mart, Nestle, Johnson its not as if the

20、information is stored in the pancreas (胰腺). But the existence of neural plasticity does not mean the brain is a blob of clay pounded into shape by experience.The new media have caught on for a reason. Knowledge is increasing rapidly; human brainpower and waking hours are not. Fortunately, the Intern

21、et and information technologies are helping us manage, search and retrieve our collective intellectual output at different scales, from Twitter and previews to e-books and online encyclopedias. Far from making us stupid, these technologies are the only things that will keep us smart.（分数：44.50）(1).Ne

22、w forms of media have always drawn concern that they may _.A. drive people insaneB. make people impatientC. threaten peoples brainpowerD. improve peoples attention span（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(2).We can infer from the second paragraph that _.A. comic books and video games could reduce all kinds of crimesB.

23、 people gave new media a warm welcomeC. new medias could change peoples personalityD. peoples panics about new media were groundless（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(3).The case of the state of science reveals that _.A. electronic media can ease the heavy workloadB. scientists use too much emails and PowerPointsC.

24、electronic media can promote science greatlyD. workers can browse websites when at work（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(4).How do cognitive neuroscientists react to “experience can change the brain“?A. They respond with great interest to the discussion.B. They think it absurd from professional angle.C. They confir

25、m that brain can be shaped by experience.D. Their information on this subject is far from sufficient.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the authors final conclusion?A. Technologies help increase brainpower.B. Technologies make people far more stupid.C. The new media will become more popular.D. People cant m

26、anage without technologies.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.十一、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：44.50)When it comes to fighting global warming, much of the worlds attention has focused on ways to eliminate coal-fired power plants, promote electric vehicles, and build wind farms. But what if there were something far simpler and

27、 more low-tech that would have the same benefit as taking more than half the cars in the United States off the road? Well, it turns out there iswhich is why everyone from the U. S. Congress to the United Nations and the philanthropic (慈善事业) wing of Shell Oil is suddenly talking about cookstoves.For

28、years activists have tried to convert people to more efficient chimney stoves as a way to improve health. But old habits die hard. Plus, cleaner-burning stoves were either too expensive or too unreliable to be attractive to the poorest of the poor.The energy bill passed by the U. S. Senate in May ca

29、lls for the government to help distribute stoves. A similar bill passed by the U. S. House of Representatives in 2009 even mandated that 20 million homes be provided with better stoves within five years. The history of cookstoves, however, is one of a succession of well-intentioned failures. India p

30、aid tens of millions of dollars to supply stoves to rural villages between 1984 and 2004. But the government stoves were of poor quality and, because they were given away, there was no natural after-market for servicing them. As a result, within a few years the vast majority were no longer in use.Ma

31、ny, though, think this time will be different. A handful of private companies have decided there is money to be made in stoves, and they are marketing models that are efficient, durable, and priced between $ 25 and $100. Thats still too costly for many of the worlds poorest. But some are hoping that

32、 the growing ranks of microfinance banks will be persuaded to lend money to villagers to bridge this gap, or that Western companies might be persuaded to finance distribution in exchange for carbon-trading credits. But it remains unclear whether enough of the worlds poor can be persuaded to change t

33、he way they cook in time to keep the entire planet from roasting.（分数：44.50）(1).The cookstove arouses so much attention because _.A. it is as beneficial as a car in the U. S.B. it is encouraged by U. S. CongressC. it is the best way to curb global warmingD. it is simple, low-tech but effective（分数：8.9

34、0）A.B.C.D.(2).The fact that it is hard to convert people to chimney stoves can be attributed to _.A. their low efficiencyB. peoples lack of health-consciousC. their unattractive appearanceD. force of habit（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(3).India failed in promoting stoves for the lack of _.A. quality and after-ma

35、rket serviceB. support from the rural peopleC. adequate government fundingD. favorable marketing policy（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(4).What are microfinance banks supposed to do?A. They should try to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor.B. They should provide loans for the poor to make the stoves affor

36、dable.C. They should encourage the use of credit cards among the poor.D. They should provide financial assistance for the stove-makers.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author concern about at the end of the passage?A. The Western companies would not finance the distribution.B. There are not enough

37、 carbon-trading credits for the poor.C. The poorest people will never change the way they cook.D. There will not be enough stove switches to save the planet.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.十二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：70.00)One of the most popular ideas of our time is the notion that in judging a young persons future su

38、ccess, weve become imbalanced, giving too much credit to whether a child has learned the stuff of textbooks, and too little value to whether that child has learned the stuff of real life.The (67) is a whole collection of behaviors and skills, from creativity to emotional-intelligence to self-discipl

39、ine to (68) judgment. In this model, the elements of real life success are characterized as highly generalizable, useful (69) from the urban street corner to the meeting room. (70) , the elements that go into (71) learning are characterized as being (72) applicable, useful only for getting into coll

40、ege.Its commonly said that the SAT, (73) in a senior year of high school, has only about a 40% correlation (相关性) with a students freshman year college GPA. If its that (74) at predicting how well a kid does in college, just one year later, then how could it predict longer-term (75) in life, when oth

41、er factors become increasingly important?Ive always had a (76) feeling about the 40% correlation (77) . There are two self-selection problems that make it really hard to (78) the data. First, high schoolers of (79) abilities apply to different schoolsthe strongest students apply to one tier of colle

42、ges, and the average students apply to a (80) ambitious tier, with some overlap (重叠). Second, once students get to a college, they (81) in classes they believe they can do well (82) . At each of these colleges and courses, students might average a B grade, but the degree of difficulty in (83) that B

43、 is not comparable.It turns out that an SAT score is a far better (84) than everyone has said. When properly (85) the self-selection bias, SAT scores (86) with college GPA around 67%. In the social sciences, thats considered a great predictor.（分数：70.00）(1).A. formerB. previousC. latterD. prior（分数：3.

44、50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. practicalB. valuableC. remarkableD. partial（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. somewhereB. whereverC. everywhereD. whatever（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. HoweverB. WhereasC. NonethelessD. Meanwhile（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. bookB. skillC. grammarD. information（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. widelyB. mostC. narr

45、owlyD. more（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. broughtB. givenC. gotD. taken（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. goodB. slimC. badD. simple（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. effectsB. exploitsC. featsD. outcomes（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. affirmativeB. positiveC. skepticalD. negative（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. statisticB. proportionC. porti

46、onD. percentage（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. dismissB. controlC. assureD. confirm（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. diverseB. similarC. dramaticD. durable（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. moreB. tooC. lessD. much（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. encounterB. enrollC. emergeD. embrace（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. forB. inC. onD. off（分数：3.

47、50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. strugglingB. strivingC. majoringD. achieving（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. predictorB. prospectC. standardD. criterion（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. making upB. standing forC. preparing forD. accounting for（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. associateB. accordC. correlateD. consist（分数：3.50）A.B.C.D.十三、Pa

48、rt Translation(总题数：1，分数：35.00)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.（分数：35.00）(1)._(辞去现有的工作太不慎重了)before you are offered another one.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Its really none of my business，_(但是你介意我问你一个问

49、题吗)?（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3)._(所有的家庭作业都提前完成了)，he enjoyed the rest of his holiday.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4)._ (看起来他似乎命悬一线)under such a dangerous condition.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5)._(要是他系了安全带的话)，he might be still alive now.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_大学四级-1834 答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.很多家长给孩子购买各种各样的电子学习设备2.电子学习设备既