大学四级-1710及答案解析.doc
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1、大学四级-1710 及答案解析(总分:712.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.说明自己的身份和租房的目的;2简单叙述理想公寓的条件;3费用问题和联系方式。Apartment Wanted(分数:106.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)Inspiration for Your KidsA parent, or anyone else who interacts regularly with kids, knows that communicating effectively with t
2、hem can be difficult. If you want children to grow up into the best possible versions of themselves, its crucial to replace damaging words in your vocabulary with alternatives that help build character. Some of the things parents say to kids seem harmless or even constructive on the surface, but, ex
3、perts say, they may hurt more than help. Here are some aspects under our consideration.1. When the kid deserves praiseFor years, weve been told that boosting a childs self-esteem is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can backfire (事与愿违).
4、Praise-aholic tykes who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when offered a joint or asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car. The implication of saying “Youre the prettiest girl in class,“ or talking about the goals she scored but
5、 not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that k
6、ids praised for “trying hard“ did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those lauded for being “smart“Praising attributes or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that trait, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid
7、to take on challenges,“ says Dweck, now at Stanford University. “They figure theyd better quit while theyre ahead.“2. When the kid asks more to take back homeDoes your child really need one more video game or doll? Of course not. But by repeatedly saying money is the only reason he or she cant have
8、something, the parent may be sending the message that money is the source of all things good in life. Couple that with the marketing blitz everywhere they turn, and children will never get the meaning of excess or gratitude.“You want your children to have the sense of abundance until the age of five
9、not in a material way, but in the sense that what you do have brings joy,“ says Marcy Axness, PhD, a child development specialist and founder of quantumparenting. com.Finances are one of the few topics parents shouldnt feel a duty to discuss or explain, especially with younger kids, Axness says. “If
10、 every request is met with a legal brief as to why they cant have it or go there, you will end up with a child who is going to negotiate with you.“ Dont be afraid to say to your little one, confidently and cheerfully, “No, sorry. Case closed.“If its your older, money-wise child whos asking? Sit down
11、 with tier and Work out together how she can make the purchase happenas a reward for improved grades, say, or by buying it with an allowance for doing extra chores. The process of talking it through matters more than how much each contributes.3. When the kid is upsetWhen a child comes home upset abo
12、ut being teased by classmates or not winning a medal at the swim meet, its only natural for parents to overlook his disappointment and offer consolation (安慰). Adults know that such setbacks are minor.“But kids need to learn how to express feelings, work through them and move on, as opposed to trying
13、 to make them go away without expression,“ says Panaccione, an expert on children development. If children feel that they shouldnt have feelings or that their feelings are bad, theyll start to lock them inside and fail to adopt healthy coping strategies, she says.On the other hand, kids shouldnt wal
14、low in bad feelings. A question like “Why do you think this happened?“ or “Do you have any ideas about what you can do to make it better?“ may give them encouragement they need to deal with situations on their own. Says Mel Levine, MD, a professor of pediatrics at the University of North Carolina at
15、 Chapel Hill: “A parent gives more comfort by listening than by talking. If you simply resonate with your childs mood, then youll have a child whos always willing to come to you and bare her soul.“4. When the kid talks to strangersKids today need to, and do, talk to strangers all the timeat the stor
16、e checkout, on the bus, in the doctors office. This antiquated catchphrase is no substitute for a serious one-on-one about the real risks.First, parents need a reality check: Despite the sensational stones, eases of children snatched off the sidewalk by total strangers and never seen again are extre
17、mely rare. Just 1 percent or fewer of all abductions happen that way. Meanwhile, children are frequently victimized by people they know well, including authority figures. Thats why it makes more sense to tell kids to be watchful of anyone, stranger or acquaintance, who makes them feel at all uncomfo
18、rtable.Parents of kids who spend time on the Internet should warn them against giving information that would identify their whereabouts, such as their last name, address or school name, advises James Beasley, an expert on child predators for the FBI. And kids should always tell their parents about n
19、ew online buddies, especially those who ask if the child is willing to keep a secret.5. When the kid doesnt want to shareYoud never hand the keys to your sports car to the guy next door. But thats what youre asking your children to do when you tell them to share a toy. “Young kids dont distinguish c
20、learly between themselves and the objects they own, like their teddy bear or favorite toy train,“ says psychologist David Elkind, PhD, a professor at Tufts University and the author of The Hurried Child. “So in effect youre asking them to give away part of themselves.“In extreme cases, if a child is
21、 forced to give up prized possessions over and over, the separation becomes so painful that he may avoid forming attachments to people, Elkind says. Kids dont really begin to grasp the concept of sharing until age eight or so. Before then, its still important to begin conveying nuggets (至理名言) of sel
22、flessness. One solution is to put your childs name on the toy before you take it out of his hands, so he knows youre not forcing him to give up ownership.(分数:70.00)(1).Praise, if too much can lead to an unexpected effect opposite to out intention.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(2).Telling kids we appreciate their
23、effort is better than saying they are just smart.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(3).To prevent kids from asking more toys, its better to explain to them the toys are not things necessary in rife.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(4).Its wise to discuss With older children on how they can get the things they want instead of complain
24、ing that things Cost much.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(5).Its enough for parents to undermine the importance of things when their kids are upset for them.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(6).Just listening to the kids when they are upset is more effective than encouraging them to deal With the situation.(分数:7.00)填空项 1:_(7).Its
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- 大学 1710 答案 解析 DOC
