大学四级-204及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-204 及答案解析(总分：308.85，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the importance of good teachers and then explain how schools can attract a

2、nd retain good teachers. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：28.40)2.（分数：7.10）A.He has already decided to divorce.B.He doesn“t even want to see the woman.C.He will talk with the woman later today.D.He is

3、too busy to talk with the woman today.3.（分数：7.10）A.Enjoy snow scene in the park.B.Go to visit the park tomorrow.C.Wait until the weather gets better.D.Walk around the city right now.4.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：7.10）A.Harm that is legalized.B.Harm that c

4、annot be repaired.C.Damage that can be repaired.D.Harm that people cannot prevent.5.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：7.10）A.Millions of American people are using the Internet too much.B.Ten million people in the US possess computers.C.Most people are using th

5、e Internet to play games.D.The average time people using the Internet is up to nine hours daily.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.10)6.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：7.10）A.People will never get old.B.Red will be the most popular colour.C.Everyo

6、ne will look the same.D.Clothes will be able to change their patterns.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：7.10)7.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：7.10）A.A judge.B.A writer.C.A teacher.D.A doctor.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：7.10)8.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you ha

7、ve just heard. （分数：7.10）A.When they are cold to each other.B.When they are introduced at an early age.C.When they look away from each other.D.When they misunderstood each other“s signals.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：7.10)9. More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are 1 by

8、 lenders to decide how risky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual. The report holds information about a person“s 2 loans and credit-card debt. It records late 3 of bills and any unpaid loans. It all 4 a credit history. These days, though, lenders often welcome people with bad credi

9、t histories. They are 5 higher interest rates and other loan costs. Some Americans want to read their credit report to know if they have been a 6 of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been opened in their name with stolen 7 information. Another reason is that credit repor

10、ts are not always correct. They might contain wrong information or old information. One change, in 2001, permits people to see their FiCO score. FiCO 8 the Fair Isaac Corporation. That company developed a way to 9 credit risk with a number based on information gathered by credit reporting agencies.

11、Fair Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the world use its technology to create credit scores. However, according to a latest survey, lenders are not the only ones 10 these numbers. As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individuals. People with

12、 high scores can expect lower interest rates for loans because the higher the score, the lower the risk. Paying bills on time and paying off credit-card debt improve credit scores. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：3.55)10.Because conflict and disagreements are

13、part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just 1 and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. However, denying the existence of conflict results in couples 2 to solve their problems at early sta

14、ges, which can then lead to even greater problems later on. Not 3 , expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的) satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behaviour 4 increases in marital satisfaction over time. So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relat

15、ionships? First, try to understand the other person“s point of view and put yourself in his or her place. People who are sensitive to what their partner thinks and feels 5 greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships as well as marriages

16、, those who can adopt their partner“s 6 show more positive emotions, more relationship-enhancing attributes, and more constructive responses to conflict. Second, because conflict and disagreements are an 7 part of close relationships, people need to be able to apologise to their partner for wrongdoi

17、ngs and receive forgiveness from their partner for their own acts. Apologies 8 conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line with this view, spouses who are more forgiving show higher marital 9 over time. Interestingly, apologising can even have 10 health benefi

18、ts. Aavoid Bcharity Cessential Dexperience Efailing Fillustrates Gincredibly Hinevitable Iminimise Jperspective Kpositive Lpredicts Mquality Nstriving Osurprisingly（分数：3.55）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：7.10)11.Changing Our Tune on ExerciseAWhat would it take to persuade you to exercise? A desire to lose we

19、ight or improve your figure? To keep heart disease, cancer or diabetes at bay? To lower your blood pressure or cholesterol? To protect your bones? To live to a healthy old age? You“d think any of those reasons would be sufficient to get Americans exercising, but scores of studies have shown otherwis

20、e. It seems that public health experts, doctors and exercise devotees in the media like me have been using ineffective strategies to persuade sedentary (久坐的) people to become, and remain, physically active. BFor decades, people have been bombarded with (被狂轰滥炸) messages that regular exercise is neces

21、sary to lose weight, prevent serious disease and foster healthy aging. And yes, most people say they value these goals. Yet a vast majority of Americans two-thirds of whom are overweight or obese (肥胖的) have thus far failed to swallow the “exercise pill.“ Now research by psychologists strongly sugges

22、ts it“s time to stop thinking of future health, weight loss and body image as motivators for exercise. Instead, these experts recommend a strategy marketers use to sell products: portray physical activity as a way to enhance current well-being and happiness. “We need to make exercise relevant to peo

23、ple“s daily lives,“ Michelle L. Segar, a research investigator at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan, said in an interview. “Everyone“s schedule is packed with nonstop to-do“s. We can only fit in what“s essential.“ Reframing the message CDr Segar is among th

24、e experts who believe that people will not commit to exercise if they see its benefits as distant or theoretical. “It has to be portrayed as a compelling behavior that can benefit us today,“ she said. “People who say they exercise for its benefits to quality of life exercise more over the course of

25、a year than those who say they value exercise for its health benefits.“ DHer idea for a public service advertisement to promote exercise for working women with families: A woman is shown walking around the block after dinner with her children and says, “This is great. I can fit in fitness, spend qua

26、lity time with my kids, and at the same time teach them how important exercise is.“ EBased on studies of what motivates people to adopt and sustain physical activity, Dr Segar is urging that experts stop flaming moderate exercise as a medical prescription that requires 150 minutes of aerobic (有氧健身的)

27、 effort each week. Instead, public health officials must begin to address “the emotional hooks that make it essential for people to fit it into their hectic (忙碌的) lives.“ “Immediate rewards are more motivating than distant ones,“ she added. “Feeling happy and less stressed is more motivating than no

28、t getting heart disease or cancer, maybe, someday in the future.“ FIn a study of 252 office workers, David K. Ingledew and David Markland, psychologists at the University of Wales, found that while many began to exercise as way to lose weight and improve their appearance, these motivations did not k

29、eep them exercising in the long term. “The wellbeing and enjoyment benefits of exercise should be emphasized,“ the researchers concluded. Dr Segar put it this way: “Physical activity is an elixir (灵丹妙药) of life, but we“re not teaching people that. We“re telling them it“s a pill to take or a punishme

30、nt for bad numbers on the scale. Sustaining physical activity is a motivational and emotional issue, not a medical one.“ GOther studies have shown that what gets people off their duffs (屁股) and keeps them moving depends on age, gender, life circumstances and even ethnicity. For those of college age,

31、 for example, physical attractiveness typically heads the list of reasons to begin exercising, although what keeps them going seems to be the stress relief that a regular exercise program provides. HThe elderly, on the other hand, may get started because of health concerns. But often what keeps them

32、 exercising are the friendships, sense of community and camaraderie (同志情谊) that may otherwise be missing from their lives easily seen among the gray-haired women who faithfully attend water exercise classes at my local YMCA. IIn a recent study of 1,690 overweight or obese middle-aged men and women,

33、Dr Segar found that enhancing daily well-being was the most influential factor for the women in the study. Men indicated they were motivated by more distant health benefits, although Dr Segar suspects this may be because men feel less comfortable discussing their mental health needs. “What sustains

34、us, we sustain,“ Dr Segar said. “We need to promote what marketers call “customer loyalty.“ We need to help people stay engaged with movement by teaching them how it can help sustain them in their lives.“ Value beyond weight loss JMany, if not most, people start exercising because they want to lose

35、weight. But very often they abandon exercise when the expected pounds fail to fall off. Study after study has found that, without major changes in eating habits, increasing physical activity is only somewhat effective for losing weight, though it helps people maintain weight loss and shedding even a

36、 few pounds, especially around one“s middle, can improve health. KFor example, researchers in Brisbane, Australia, and in Leeds, England, studied 58 sedentary overweight or obese men and women who participated in a closely monitored 12-week aerobic exercise program. Weight loss was minimal, but none

37、theless the participants“ waistlines shrunk, their blood pressure and resting heart rate dropped, and their aerobic capacity and mood improved. “Exercise should be encouraged and the emphasis on weight loss reduced,“ the researchers concluded. “Disappointment and low self-esteem associated with poor

38、 weight loss could lead to low exercise adherence (坚持) and a general perception that exercise is futile (无效的) and not beneficial.“ LI walk three miles daily, or bike ten miles and swim three-quarters of a mile. If you ask me why, weight control may be my first answer, followed by a desire to live lo

39、ng and well. But that“s not what gets me out of bed before dawn to join friends on a morning walk and then bike to the Y for my swim. It“s how these activities make me feel: more energized, less stressed, more productive, more engaged and, yes, happier better able to smell the roses and cope with th

40、e inevitable frustrations of daily life.Physical exercise is now described as a punishment for being overweight instead of an enjoyment.（分数：7.10）十二、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：14.20)12.In an essay entitled “Making It in America“, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotto

41、n country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.“ Davidson“s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently

42、appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging (下降的) middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalisation and the information technology re

43、volution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labour with machines or foreign workers. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won“t earn you what it used to. It can“t when so m

44、any more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labour, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of emp

45、loyment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But there“s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, US factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all t

46、he gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs about 6 million in total disappeared.“ There will always be change new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalisation and the IT revolution, the best

47、jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress (支持) employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of GI Bill for the 21st century that

48、ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.The joke in the first paragraph is used to illustrate _.（分数：14.20）A.the impact of technological advancesB.the shrinkage of textile millsC.the alleviation of job pressureD.the decline of middle-class incomes十四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：1

49、4.20)13.In Daniel Gilbert“s 2006 book Stumbling on Happiness, the Harvard professor of psychology looks at several studies and concludes that marital satisfaction decreases dramatically after the birth of the first child and increases only when the last child has left home. He also ascertains that parents are happier grocery shopping and even sleeping than spending time with their kids. The most recent comprehensive study on the