大学四级-162及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-162 及答案解析(总分：663.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.面对工作市场中的剧烈竞争，许多大学生选择去中国的西部体验义务教学 2大学生选择去西部义务教学的好处 3作为大学生，我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Depression: It Is Real, and It Is Treatable/BB Depression and the Americans/BPeople with symptoms of diabetes or other phys

2、ical problems see their doctors for treatment. Those with depression more often than not try to duke it out alone, according to southwest Minnesota mental health professionals, who say the anxiety is prevalent in the region. Depression affects more than 19 million Americans annually, according to th

3、e National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Yet only one in three people seeks medical treatment.B Defining Depression/BDepression is nondiscriminatory (一视同仁的), affecting all ages, sexes and races, local health professionals say. It is a disease - not a weakness - that consumes the brain of the ch

4、emical serotonin (含于血液中的复合胺) , and it rarely goes away by itself.BDepression and Sex/BFemales suffer from depression and seek treatment twice as often as males, according to data from the NIMH. Hormones play a role, as do a combination of genetic, psychological and environmental factors. The institu

5、te also reports that although depression is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in both sexes, only men suffer a high death rate.B Commonality of Depression/BThe Surgeon General estimates that one in five people will experience a depressive episode during their lifetime. “It

6、is much more common than people realize,“ said Johnson, a licensed marriage and family therapist (治疗专家). “Sometimes people get so depressed that theyre unable to function at all, or they become depressed and self medicate with alcohol, and then another problem is created.“ Depression is one of the m

7、ain reasons people come to the Southwest Mental Health Center. However, far greater numbers rely on family doctors to sort them out and probably just as many or more go untreated. “They dont want to cross over into the mental health field,“ Johnson said. “They worry about what others will think, or

8、about the cost. Its more difficult in rural areas because everybody knows you and there is a shame of asking for help.“B Long Treatment/BTreatment takes time. People who do seek help often expect a quick fix, but medication helps the body replace serotonin slowly. It is subtle improvement that you a

9、lmost have to be watching for, or you have to look back to how your were a month ago, or six weeks ago. Improvement comes gradually, as does the disorder. How long it takes depends on how well people can change events in their lives, how they interpret things. It depends on what skills you develop t

10、o manage the next stressors (紧张性剌激) that come your way. Many adults will take antidepressants for the rest of their lives and some wont. With kids, it can be more of a short-term treatment, but again it depends on the intensity and longevity of the disorder.B Medication as a Common Treatment/BOne of

11、 the most common treatments for depression is medication, but different drugs have different effects on different people. Each medication can cause various side effects including, but not limited to, dry mouth, nausea, anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, apathy, heart palpitations, and

12、 headaches. Some people may experience several side effects while others experience none. The more recently developed antidepressants typically produce fewer side effects. Usually, side effects dissipate in a few weeks after the body has become adjusted to the medication. Consumers are advised to st

13、art at the lowest dosage with small increments over a period of time until improvement is noticed. An antidepressants effect may take several weeks before a positive result is noticed.B Other Ways of Treatment/BPsychotherapy or counseling is another common treatment for depression. Oftentimes, medic

14、ation and psychotherapy are used together for optimum results. Group therapy is another avenue of treatment for people with depression. There are also support groups available to help those with depression. Such groups allow members to openly share their feelings and receive acceptance from other gr

15、oup members. There is no leader (professional of otherwise) to direct such groups and there is no maximum number of sessions that one can attend. Some people have also found reading various self-help books to be of benefit in overcoming their depression. And one cannot separate the mind from the bod

16、y and treat them individually. Instead, a thorough treatment regimen should examine all aspects of a persons life. Sometimes lack of exercise is also associated with depression. So depression may be caused by one or combination of factors and can take many forms.B Depression and the Elderly/BAccordi

17、ng to Terry Pankow, a licensed independent clinical social worker in Montevideo, the elderly are among the hardest to diagnose because their symptoms often take the form of physical complaints for which no medical cause or ideology exists. The Centers for Disease Control reports that as many as thre

18、e out of every 100 people over 65 suffer from clinical depression.B Depression and the Children/BChildren and adolescents also are special cases, and they can carry depression into adulthood before getting treatment. One of the things that make depression so hard to diagnose or sort out with childre

19、n is that they dont have the verbal skills, knowledge and sophistication to talk about “I feel sad or this is making me miserable“. So many times what you see in children is rather than them describing their feelings, they act their feelings out in terms of behavior. And so, lots of kids who are lab

20、eled as naughty are really depressed.B NIMH Statistics about Adolescents/BThe NIMH estimates that up to 2.5 percent of children and up to 8.3 percent of adolescents in the U.S. suffer from depression. A study of 9 to 17 year-olds found that more than six percent experience some depression in any six

21、-month period and nearly five percent have major depression.B Types of Depression/BDepression falls into two categories, Back said. Endogenous (内因的) depression comes from a chemical imbalance, and exogenous depression arises from difficult situations and circumstances.Depression affects different ag

22、e groups and people within each age group differently. Symptoms include:difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisionsfeeling angry or moody, crying easily or worrying a lotalcohol or drug use to mask feelingsfatigue or loss of energyloss of interest in ordinary activitieseating and sleep

23、ing disordersfeeling sad, empty or numbfeeling hopeless, helpless, guilty or worthlessthoughts of suicide, suicide plans or attemptsfrequent doctor visits without relief in symptoms; all tests negativeChildren and adolescents might exhibit some of the same symptoms, as well as aggression, frustratio

24、n, marked disobedience (不服从), extreme self-consciousness, fluctuating energy levels, a fascination for guns and knives, and a preoccupation with music, movies and literature with death themes. They also might complain about dizziness, headaches, stomachaches and body aches.（分数：70.00）(1).People with

25、depression go to see their doctors more often than people suffering from physical problems.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).There are more women suffering from depression than men.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).In addition to the fear of being known by others, in rural areas fewer people go to see the doctor for depression

26、 because they do not have as much money as the city people.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Antidepressants developed recently have fewer side effects than before.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).To achieve the best results of treatment, psychotherapy should be used with counseling.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Among the elderly, chil

27、dren and adolescents, the elderly are the hardest to diagnose.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).A study made by NIMH shows that nearly five percent of children in the US have major depression.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).As the treatment of depression depends on a lot of factors, its improvement _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).It i

28、s tested ineffective that if a person with depression frequently visits doctor but without _ in symptoms.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Children and adolescents might have the same _ such as aggression, frustration and complaint.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：2，分数：56.00)（分数：

29、28.00）(1). A. It only has 6 rooms inside. B. It is a luxury building. C. It is the official home of the presidents. D. George Washington had lived in it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Because the white people dominated the country. B. Because white building shows dignity of the president. C. Because it ha

30、d been burned in the war and repainted white. D. Because people hope the officials could be as simple as the color of white.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It costs nothing to enter the room. B. Visitors can only visit it on weekends. C. Visitors can go into any room inside. D. Everyone has the right to vi

31、sit the White House.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. The woman rejected the mans apology. B. The woman appreciated the mans offer. C. The man had forgotten the whole thing. D. The man had hurt the womans feelings.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. They dont get rid of flabby arms. B. They can damage arm mus

32、cles. C. They arent acceptable to most people. D. They can raise ones blood pressure.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. By talking to an expert. B. By reading an article. C. By attending an exercise class. D. By listening to the radio.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Exercising the entire body. B. Having your blood p

33、ressure taken daily. C. Losing weight prior to exercising. D. Weighing in before each exercise session.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Wearing arm weights while you are swimming. B. Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time. C. Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs. D. Walkin

34、g slowly while swinging your arms back and forth.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)（分数：28.00）(1). A. The natural force makes it come into being. B. It originates from some chemical elements in the nature. C. It comes from the rocks with the action of wind and water. D. A series of biolo

35、gical changes happen in the process.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. It can be used to build the house. B. It can be fired on the hot stove. C. It can be used together with water. D. People use it to make containers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. In the river. B. On the ground surface. C. In the mountain. D. In l

36、ow areas of islands.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. To burn it on the fire to see whether it can break. B. To press it in the size of an egg. C. Add water to it to see whether it is shiny. D. Take some of it in the testing machine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. Children dont get enough education in saf

37、ety. B. Children are keen on dangerous games. C. The playgrounds are in poor condition. D. The playgrounds are overcrowded.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. They should help maintain the equipment. B. They should keep a watchful eye on their children. C. They should stop their children from climbing ladders.

38、 D. They should teach their children how to use the equipment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. They tend to stay within shouting or running distance of their parents. B. They should be aware of the potential risks in the playground. C. They may panic in front of high playground equipment. D. They can be cre

39、ative when they feel secure.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1).What do we know about the learners of special English? A. They have to learn basics of English. B. They know clearly what they want to learn. C. It is good for them to learn general English skills. D. They want to have an up-to-date knowledg

40、e of English.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What has influenced the way of teaching specialist English in schools? A. The knowledge of teachers. B. The behaviors of students. C. The principles of schools. D. The introduction of books.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the speaker,what are the most popular ESP

41、courses in Britain? A. English for doctors. B. English for lawyers. C. English for reporters. D. English for businessman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Italians are known for them andU U 1 /U /Usuggest they may have originated in the Middle East butU U 2 /U /Usaid Wednesday the world

42、s oldest known noodles, dating back 4, 000 years, were made in China.“Our discoveryU U 3 /U /Uthat noodles were first produced in China about 4, 000 years ago,“ Lu Hou Yuan from the Chinese Academy of Science said in an interview.The noodles wereU U 4 /U /Uin an overturned, sealed bowl in an archaeo

43、logical site near the Yellow River in north west China.Until theU U 5 /U /U, reported in the science journal Nature, theU U 6 /U /Uwritten account of noodles was in a book written during the East HanU U 7 /U /Uin China sometime between 25 and 220.“This is theU U 8 /U /Uevidence of noodles ever found

44、,“ said Lu.U U 9 /U /U. The scientists think a large earthquake and catastrophic flooding probably destroyed the ancient settlement where they were discovered.U U 10 /U /U. Wheat was not introduced from central and western Asia to north west China until about 5, 000 years ago.Prehistoric farmers kne

45、w how to pound and grind the hard millet seeds and mix them to make noodles. The dough was probably repeatedly stretched by hand to form long strands and cooked in boiling water to make noodles, according to the researchers.U U 11 /U /ULu said. （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

46、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BSection A/B(总题数：1，分数：90.00)There are much discussion about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have been U U 1 /U /U. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good U U 2 /U /U, we may be producing too much, too fast.Those who U U 3 /U /Ueconomic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approachin