大学四级-1528及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1528 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.报告显示，当前学术造假是普遍现象2. 学术造假会带来许多危害3. 应该从法律和道德方面采取措施消除“学术造假”（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups,

2、 utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have won

3、dered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major c

4、ountries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is eit

5、her recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unredeemable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed Of?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 pe

6、rcent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landf

7、ill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.There Are Two Ways to Bury Trash:Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!)Landfill-

8、carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.Sanitary landfill-landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash f

9、rom the environment.Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill-landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment.The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with a

10、ir. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂)much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In m

11、ost parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local governments responsibilities. Before a city or oth

12、er authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study, must be done on the proposed site to determine:the area of land necessary for the landfillthe composition of the underlying soil and bedrockthe flow of surface water over the sitethe impact of the proposed landfill on the local enviro

13、nment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. The

14、re roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?Trash put in a landfill will sta

15、y there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40 years old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not

16、designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day.Customers are typica

17、lly municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling centre where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of mate

18、rials in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $ 40 per ton. These fees are

19、 used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $ 4. S million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-of

20、f station is used for tires, motor oil, and lead acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by privat

21、e companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.Landfills are complicated structure

22、s that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.（

23、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up

24、 decomposition of the buried trash.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Hazardous wastes have

25、 to be treated before being dumped into landfills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Customers are typically_, although residents may also use the landfill.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The tipping fees vary from_per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Along the site, there are_for mater

26、ials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.3-6 months of monthly salaryB.13% of their monthly salaryC.10 dollars a weekD.36%

27、 of their monthly salaryA.They do not think $10 is a large sum of money.B.They sacrifice movie, beer for hank deposit.C.They seldom have fixed deposit.D.They tend to live from paycheck to paycheck.A.Take more education and make yourself promoted quickly.B.When you get your paycheck, save some portio

28、n of it.C.Lend money from bank when you want to prepare for the future.D.Accumulate money by all means.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It includes a washer and dryer.B.The apartment is partially furnished.C.The rent is over $ 900 a month.D.Gas and ele

29、ctricity are included in the rent.A.You end the agreement before the minimum leasing period of four months.B.You cause damage beyond normal use of the apartment.C.You remove any of the furnishings without permission.D.You keep large pets in the apartment.A.The woman can catch a bus to school in fron

30、t of her apartment.B.A supermarket and shopping centre are only a few blocks away.C.The apartment is in a relatively quiet neighborhood.D.The airport is a few blocks in front of the apartment.A.a dogB.a catC.a ratD.a snakeA.She seldom reads books from cover to cover.B.She is interested in reading no

31、vels.C.She read only part of the book.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.A.She was absent all week owing to sickness.B.She was seriously injured in a car accident.C.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.D.She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.A.The s

32、peakers want to rent the Smiths old house.B.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.C.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.D.The Smithsnew house is not far from their old one.A.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.B.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.C.The

33、 woman was offended by the mans late arrival.D.The man couldnt find his car in the parking lot.A.Jim is at a meeting now.B.Jims roommate is out.C.Jim has moved to another room.D.Jim is with his girlfriend now.A.She rejects their request.B.She accepts their request.C.She agrees to consider their requ

34、est.D.She asks them to come with the others.A.She thinks they are expensive.B.She doesnt think they are expensive.C.She thinks some are not expensive.D.She has no idea about this.A.Tell his professor about the condition of the lecture hall.B.Organize a team of students to clean the lecture hall.C.Fi

35、nd out who has been making a mess.D.Wait to see if the problem will be solved.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The care and proper selection of dogs as family pets.B.Different breeds of dogs.C.Responsibility for seeing

36、that dogs are properly cared for.D.Different kinds of books about dogs.A.Children.B.Family.C.Parents.D.ASPCA.A.When you have small children.B.When you live in an apartment.C.When space is limited.D.When you live in the city.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（

37、分数：21.00）A.Three minutes.B.Two minutes.C.One minute.D.Five minutes.A.To win a competition.B.To break a record.C.To deliver the news of victory.D.To win the first prize.A.Because he is over the fellow runners.B.Because he is over former runners.C.Because he is over his own body.D.Because he wins the

38、prize.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It is the smallest one of all the stars.B.It is the nearest one to the earth.C.It is the biggest one of all the stars.D.It is the farthest one from the earth.A.The moon.B.Other planets.C.Both A and B.D.Nei

39、ther A nor B.A.Do much research in many fields of science.B.Understand people in other countries better.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.A.The earth is a planet.B.Stars in the sky are actually as small as they look.C.Satellites are all made by men.D.Men can conquer other planets.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数

40、：77.00)Knowledge may be acquired through conversation, watching television or traveling, but the deepest and most (36) way is through reading. If we consider the (37) population of the world, we may conclude that a few spend their whole lives on academic reading；many read something light for (38) ,

41、and a few dip into something more serious；while many persons never (39) beyond the sports page of a newspaper, a fashion article or the (40) .If you have learnt to love books as a child, the reading habit will never (41) you. But if this has not been your good (42) , you tend to think of reading as

42、a bore. A few, but very few, come to the habit late in life. In order to (43) to read, one must be curious. A few children are able to (44) . But many fail to do so either because of an over-strict system where what is most important is memory work or because of a careless and lazy one where even th

43、e basic discipline are ignored in the sacred name of free expression.Thus, (45) And we may add to this the worldwide atmosphere of violence and disorder, the New Dark Age in which we live today. Many of us no longer have the peace of mind necessary to a quiet hour with a hook. But (46) .（分数：77.00）填空

44、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.If our society ever needed a reading renaissance(复兴), its now.The National Endowment for the Arts released “R

45、eading at Risk“ last year, a study showing that adult reading 47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a te

46、enager magazine, that would have 48 , ”laments a director of research and analysis. He 49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would-be leisure readers to E-mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel. “These new forms of media

47、undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You. Video games 50 problem solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by 51 viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that cant be gained from these other sources, from 52 voca

48、bulary to stretching the imagination. “If theyre not reading at all,” says Johnson,“thats a huge problem.”In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data 53 last week from the National Centre for Educational Statistics long-term trend assessment, the number of 17-year-olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun 54 from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the 55 of