大学四级-1285及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1285 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：99.00)1. （分数：99.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Dont Be ShyWe often hear shy people say, “As we talked, I felt uneasy. I worried about how I looked, what I said, how I said what I said, and so forth.“ If you have never felt this sh

2、y, chances are that you know someone who has.Shyness vs. Social Phobia (恐惧症)“Very shy people often believe theres something wrong with them and tend to evaluate themselves more negatively than others do,“ says Lynne Henderson, director of the Shyness Clinic in Los Altos, California. John Walker, dir

3、ector of the Anxiety Disorder Program at St. Boniface General Hospital in Canada, describes shyness as “an exaggerated fear of embarrassment and a tendency to hold back in social situations.“Our research reveals that the shy tend to make unrealistic social comparisons. In a room full of others, thei

4、r attention is usually drawn to the most socially outstanding person, against whom they compare themselves, unfavorably, of course. Typically, they compound the negative self-image by attributing their own comparatively poor performance to enduring and unchangeable internal characteristics - “I was

5、born shy.“ Such attributions only heighten self-consciousness and spoil performance.Shyness is considered a personality trait, not a psychological condition or disorder, and it has varying degrees. But severely shy people are sometimes diagnosed by psychologists as also having social anxiety disorde

6、r, or social phobia. Shyness that becomes so severe that it interferes significantly our social activities, relationships or occupational functioning could be what experts call social anxiety disorder or “crippling shyness“. Millions of people suffer symptoms of this disorder at some point in their

7、lives. One of them, 51-year-old Earla Dunbar, was virtually house-bound for six years during the 1990s. she was terrified to go outside, even to get the mail, for fear shed run into other people and that they would think the worst of her. In such cases, cognitive-behavioral therapy and prescription

8、drugs are often required to overcome the problem.Social anxiety is the third largest psychological problem in the United States today. This type of anxiety affects 15 million Americans in any given year. Unlike some other psychological problems, social anxiety is not well understood by the general p

9、ublic or by medical and mental health care professionals. In fact, people with social anxiety are misdiagnosed almost 90% of the time. People with social phobia come to the anxiety clinic labeled as “schizophrenic“ (精神分裂), “manic- depressive“ (狂郁症) , “clinically depressed“, “panic disordered“, and “

10、personality disordered“, among other damaging misdiagnoses.In the Genes?Scientists used to think a childs family environment largely dictated his/her emotional development as an adult. But Louis Schmidt, a Canadian psychologist who has been studying brain development in children and babies for the p

11、ast 15 years, says while theres probably no single gene for shyness, new research shows some genes appear to play a larger role in predicting whether a person will be shy.“It appears nature has predisposed some children for shyness, “Schmidt says. This means that if your parents are shy you will be

12、shy as well. In healthy babies just a few months old who tend to cry when exposed to new situations or people, more activity is detected in their right frontal brain, which regulates behavior and emotion, and their heart rates are higher than those of more sociable babies. Many of these kids outgrow

13、 shyness, but ten to fifteen percent dont.This kind of world we live in may also contribute to an increase in the number of shy people since today theres less face-to-face contact required in daily life. Some experts believe the cyberspace generation are accustomed to email, computer games, bank mac

14、hines and other automated services and it means modern people are at the risk of failing to develop social skills.Can Shyness Affect Career?A 1995 survey found that about 48% of the 800 respondents considered themselves shy. While many of us consider ourselves shy, not all of those who do allow it t

15、o define us. For example, I have always considered myself to be a shy person. However, when I took a quiz, which rates level of shyness, the results showed that I was moderately shy. W-hat this means is that, though I sometimes experience feelings associated with shyness, I have not allowed these fe

16、elings to keep me from pursuing my personal and professional goals.However, there are still some people whose shyness gets in the way of their career development. Researchers have found that such people tend to begin their careers later than non-shy people. They are also more apt to refuse promotion

17、s. They choose careers that are less interpersonal and are more undecided about which field to pursue. Once in a career, shy people have a harder time developing a career identity - an image of themselves as competent or successful within a career track.While most of us feel nervous before making a

18、presentation, some people are so shy that they cant attend parties or go on a dinner date. Others cant talk 0n the phone to strangers, voice an opinion in a work or social setting or return things to a store because it involves confronting tile customer-service person. Some cant even make eye contac

19、t. “For them, shyness is a cocoon (蚕茧 ) ,“ says Walker. “Its safe and warm and quiet, but it can also be confining, dark and lonely.“Combat ShynessOne of the solutions to shyness is a greater understanding of its internal dynamics. It is important to note that a critical feature of shyness is a slow

20、ness to warm up. Shy people simply require extra time to adjust to unfamiliar or stressful situations, including even everyday conversations and social gatherings. They also need more time to master the developmental barriers of life. The good news is that shy people eventually achieve everything th

21、at everyone else does - they date, marry, have children. The bad news is, it takes them a little longer.An unfortunate consequence of the shy being on this delayed schedule is that they lack social support through many important life experiences. When they start dating and want to talk about first-d

22、ate worries, for example, their peers will be talking about weddings. As a result, the shy may need to take an especially active role in finding others who are in their situation. One way is to build social support by starting groups of like-minded people. Another is to seek out existing groups of s

23、hy people, perhaps via the Internet. While technology often works against the shy, it can also lend them an unexpected helping hand.The Successfully ShyEvery shy person believes shyness is a problem located exclusively within the self. But experts suggest that the solution to shyness lies outside th

24、e self. To break free of the prison of shyness, you must stop dwelling on your own insecurities and become more aware of people around you.Experts have identified a group of people called the successfully, shy. Essentially, they recognize that they are shy. They develop an understanding of the natur

25、e and dynamics of shyness, its impact on the body, on cognitive processes and on behavior. And they take action based on that self- awareness. The successfully shy overcome their social anxiety by letting go of their self- consciousness, that inward focus of attention on the things they cant do well

26、 (like tell a joke). They accept that they arent great at small talk or that they get so nervous in social situations that they cant draw on what is inside their mind. Or that they are paying so much attention to their feelings that they dont pay full attention to the person theyre talking to. In pl

27、ace of self- consciousness, they substitute self-awareness. Rather than becoming anxious about their silence in a conversation, they plan ahead of time to have something to say, or rehearse asking questions. They arrive early at parties to feel comfortable in their new setting. By contrast, less suc

28、cessful shy people arrive late in an effort to blend in. The fact is, these are the same kinds of strategies that non-shy people employ.The successfully shy also take steps at the transpersonal level, getting involved in the lives of others. They start small, making sure their day-to-day exchanges i

29、nvolve contact with other people. When they pick up a newspaper, for instance, they dont just hand over their money. They focus on the seller, thanking him or her for the service. This creates a social environment favorable to positive interactions. Once the shy are more outwardly focused on the liv

30、es of other people, shyness no longer controls them.The successfully shy dont change who they are. They change the way they think and the actions they make. There is nothing wrong with being shy.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage mainly analyzes the differences between shyness and social phobia as well as th

31、e causes behind these two problems.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Shyness, except in the very severe cases, is more of a personality trait than a psychological disorder.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Some shy people may be misdiagnosed as having social anxiety disorder.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Modem scientists believe that fa

32、mily environment plays a larger role in causing shyness in a child than genetic predisposition.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Shyness varies in degrees, and mild to moderate shyness wont necessarily form a barrier to a persons career development.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).By replacing self-consciousness with self-awa

33、reness, shy people can learn to control their shyness.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The successfully shy are the people who are born shy but managed to become a success in their career.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to shyness experts, shy people tend to have a negative self-image and withdraw from _.（分数：7.00）

34、填空项 1:_(9).The growing number of shy people in modern society is largely due to technological advances that allow for fewer _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It is advisable for the shy to turn to the Internet for like-minded people and _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：1

35、05.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.He cant explain some concepts of engineering.B.He regularly gives talks to high school students.C.He doesnt want the woman to postpone the talk.D.He hasnt finished preparing for his presentation.A.To be an archite

36、ct.B.To go into the business.C.To be more interesting.D.To become an artist.A.Photocopy the book at Sands store.B.Go back to the school bookstore and look near the side.C.Go to the bookstore near the school.D.Go to the bookstore near the Sams.A.She rarely makes mistakes.B.Her boss is hard to work wi

37、th.C.She always tells others what she thinks.D.She regretted having replaced the secretary.A.He is always late on Friday.B.He is most forgetful on Friday.C.He is always behind on his work on Friday.D.He prefers Friday mornings to; Monday mornings.A.Mary forgot about the seminar.B.Mary has been ill f

38、or several weeks.C.Mary wasnt able to attend the seminar.D.Mary hadnt planned to attend the seminar.A.Dave will never listen.B.She doesnt know Dave.C.She thinks Dave is insane.D.She thinks Dave will listen one day.A.She may not be able to help the man.B.She will talk to Judy about the problem.C.She

39、isnt sure if Judy can solve the problem.D.The man should solve the problem by himself.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.When to move.B.Where to live the following year.C.How much time to spend at home.D.Whose house to visit.A.Take some money to the hous

40、ing office.B.Inform the director of student housing in a letter.C.Fill out a form in the library.D.Maintain a high grade average.A.Both live on campus:B.Both live off campus.C.The man lives on campus; the woman lives off campus.D.The woman lives on campus; the man lives on campus.A.Grades.B.Privacy.

41、C.Sports.D.Money.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Shes impressed with the ticket sellers.B.Shes pleased about the mans purchase.C.Shes uncertain about the change in plans.D.Shes resigned to the situation.A.By writing a personal check.B.By changing them

42、 to their personal account.C.By paying in cash.D.By using a store credit card.A.Stay where he is.B.Go home to telephone the order.C.Try to get the tickets elsewhere.D.Return after lunch.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.

43、Some Americans look down upon Asian-Americans.B.Some Americans blame China for the trade imbalance.C.Some Americans blame Japanese for the trade imbalance and loss of jobs.D.Americans think that they lost their jobs because Asian-Americans have taken the job places.A.They try very hard to save money

44、.B.They take part in the movement for more power.C.They put more of their energy into their business.D.They pay more attention to taking care of their families.A.They want to be more powerful than other American minorities.B.They want to gain more economic benefits.C.They want to be united into a ne

45、w political force.D.They want to be absorbed into American culture.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.A.Walk around the apartment for dangerous signs.B.Check the water and electricity to see if they are working.C.Make sure

46、 there are good locks on all the windows and doors.D.Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.A.Deposit some money in a bank.B.Read the lease carefully and sign it.C.Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.D.Sign the contract and pay a security deposit.Passage Three Questions 32 t

47、o 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The advantages of traditional surveying methods.B.Using satellites to communicate with mountain climbers.C.Obtaining new information about a mountain.D.Controlling satellites from the top of a mountain.A.To indicate how climbers communica

48、ted.B.To show that climbers enjoyed many comforts.C.To show that modern telephones work at high altitudes.D.To emphasize how small some equipment had become.A.Detailed maps from previous studies.B.Recent advances in technology.C.Plenty of funding for the study.D.Experience carrying heavy loads up mountains.A.To carry information that would help determine elevation.B.To provide accurate weather reports.C.To relay information from scientists around the world.D.To indicate which route the mountain climbers should take.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)After retiring from 30 years of teac