大学四级-1273及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1273 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 宠物是主人的伙伴2. 宠物对主人忠诚3. 但是宠物出会给人带来困扰和烦恼Keeping Pets（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Europe fails its youngThose Europeans who are tempted, in the light of the dismal scenes in New Orleans this fortnight, to down

2、grade the American challenge should meditate on one word: universities. Five years ago in Lisbon European officials proclaimed their intention to become the worlds premier “knowledge economy“ by 2010. The thinking behind this grand declaration made sense of a sort: Europes only chance of preserving

3、its living standards lies in working smarter than its competitors rather than harder or cheaper. But Europes failing higher-education system poses a lethal threat to this ambition.Europe created the modem university. Scholars were gathering in Paris and Bologna before America was on the map. Oxford

4、and Cambridge invented the residential university: the idea of a community of scholars, living together to pursue higher learning. Germany created the research university. A century ago European universities were a magnet for scholars and a model for academic administrators the world over.But, as ou

5、r survey of higher education explains, since the second world war Europe has progressively surrendered its lead in higher education to the United States. America boasts 17 of the worlds top 20 universities, according to a widely used global ranking by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. American univ

6、ersities currently employ 70% of the worlds Nobel prize-winners, 30% of the worlds output of articles on science and engineering, and 44% of the most frequently cited articles. No wonder developing countries now look to America rather than Europe for a model for higher education.Why have European un

7、iversities declined so precipitously in recent decades? And what can be done to restore them to their former glory? The answer to the first question lies in the role of the state. American universities get their funding from a variety of different sources, not just government but also philanthropist

8、s, businesses and, of course, the students themselves. European ones are largely state-funded. The constraints on state funding mean that European governments force universities to “process“ more and more students without giving the TM the necessary cashand respond to the universities complaints by

9、trying to micromanage them. Inevitably, quality has eroded. Yet, as the American model shows, people are prepared to pay for good higher education, because they know they will benefit from it: thats why America spends twice as much of its GDP on higher education as Europe does.The answer to the seco

10、nd question is to set universities free from the state. Free universities to run their internal affairs: how can French universities, for example, compete for talent with their American rivals when professors are civil servants? And free them to charge fees for their servicesincluding, most importan

11、tly, student fees.Asias learningThe standard European retort is that if people have to pay for higher education, it will become the monopoly of the rich. But spending on higher education in Europe is highly regressive (more middle-class students go to university than working-class ones). And higher

12、education is hardly a monopoly of the rich in America: a third of undergraduates come from racial minorities, and about a quarter come from families with incomes below the poverty line. The government certainly has a responsibility to help students to borrow against their future incomes. But student

13、 fees offer the best chance of pumping more resources into higher education. They also offer the best chance of combining equity with excellence.Europe still boasts some of the worlds best universities, and there are some signs that policy makers have realised that their system is failing. Britain,

14、the pacemaker in university reform in Europe, is raising fees. The Germans are trying to create a Teutonic Ivy League. European universities are aggressively wooing foreign students. Pan-European plans are encouraging student mobility and forcing the more eccentric European countries (notably German

15、y) to reform their degree structures. But the reforms have been too tentative.America is not the only competition Europe faces in the knowledge economy. Emerging countries have cottoned on to the idea of working smarter as well as harder. Singapore is determined to turn itself into a “knowledge isla

16、nd“. India is sprucing up its institutes of technology. In the past decade China has doubled the size of its student population while pouring vast resources into elite universities. Forget about catching up with America; unless Europeans reform their universities, they will soon be left in the dust

17、by Asia as well.（分数：70.00）(1).Europes only chance of preserving its living standards lies in working smarter than its competitors rather than harder or cheaper.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Oxford and Yale invented the residential university.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Since the World War I Europe has progressively s

18、urrendered its lead in higher education to the United States.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).America spends twice as much of its GDP on higher education as Europe does.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Britain is the pacemaker in University reform in Europe.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).European Universities will pay more attention to

19、 cooperate with Peking University.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).America is the only competition Europe faces in the knowledge economy.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).A century ago European universities were a magnet for _ and a model for _ the world over.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to a widely used global ranking by _,

20、 America boasts 17 of the worlds top 20 universities.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Germans are trying to create a _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Bemuse she didnt know how to use

21、the new oven.B.Because there was something wrong with her oven.C.Because she wanted to have her refrigerator fixed.D.Because there is something wrong with the food.A.Bob will see Susan tomorrow evening.B.Bob asked the woman to come another time.C.Bob and Susan have decided to go on a holiday.D.Bob m

22、ight be at home late tomorrow evening.A.Stay in the dormitory.B.Find out the cost of living in the dormitory.C.Ask for a reduction in his rent.D.Move into an apartment with a roommate.(4).A) She has bought a new one. C) She only has an old one.B) She has none at present. D) Her sister has given her

23、one.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A) The trees axe being cut down. C) The trees help cool his house.B) He needs more air-conditioning. D) The trees axe blocking his view.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.John is a fast worker.B.John did Jacks homework.C.John has not finished his homework.D.John didnt do the homework on his

24、 own.(7).A) Thursday night. C) Friday morning.B) Monday night. D) Thursday morning.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.The man attended the concert, but didnt like it.B.The man was sorry to miss the football game.C.The man was more interested in football than in classical music.D.The man was sorry that he missed the

25、 concert.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A) About taking up a sport. C) About favorite tennis teams.B) About obtaining a pair of shoes. D) About joining a sports club.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.They dont help sports players at all.B.They dont live up to the

26、ir fame.C.They may be comfortable but axe too expensive.D.They are good for track and field sports but not for ball games.A.He and his friends have never worn Adidas.B.Adidas is only for great sports players like the Chicago Bulls.C.Adidas helps sports players do better.D.He has always wanted to wea

27、r Adidas shoes.A.He thinks Adidas would cost him quite a lot of money.B.He thinks Joyce will be running frequently.C.He doesnt think the shoes will help Joyce to play better.D.He doesnt think Joyce will play sports for long.Questions 23 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.

28、00）A.Most people dont think it is a serious problem.B.Most of our pollution is caused by things people need.C.The government has not spent enough money to stop it.D.The seriousness of pollution has not been realized by the government.(2).A) It can kill people. C) It can make it difficult to breathe.

29、B) It can damage plants. D) It can damage steel and concrete.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) A crowded city. C) A steel factory.B) A busy airport. D) An old car park.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.That drugs

30、should not be used without doctors advice.B.That drugs and substances are different.C.That substances should be used in a scientific way.D.That the misuse of substances is harmful.A.People will become seriously ill.B.People will become dependent on them.C.They will make people feel tired.D.They will

31、 give people headaches.A.They are beneficial for ones nerves.B.They are good for social occasions.C.They may make people sick.D.They should be used in a limited way.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) Entertainment. C) Seeking physical fitness.

32、B) Studying in a local college. D) Finding peace and quiet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) On TV or by radio. C) On the job market.B) At home. D) At a local institution of education.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.Some people retire from present jobs for adult education.B.Self-improvement has become a national passion.C

33、.Working mothers are especially fond of adult education.D.Self-improvement is popular with young people.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The United States is faced with many social problems.B.Various factors are responsible for the crimes in th

34、e United States.C.New trends have been discovered in the crimes in the United States.D.The crime rate in the United State is on the rise.(2).A) 25 minutes. C) 24 minutes.B) 10 minutes. D) 7 minutes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Poverty. C) HomelessnessB) High divorce rate. D) Lack of education.（分数：7.00）A.

35、B.C.D.A.Common citizens have the right to bear arms.B.T.V. and radio stations and newspapers have the right to report the details of crimes.C.Every citizen has the right to kill others in order to protect himself.D.Everybody has the fight to learn how to use weapons.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)With m

36、ore and more young people getting into trouble with the law, social workers are very busy. They are trying to keep (36) out of jail and in school.One way to do this is to keep those young people busy with a (37) activity. In some places, social workers set up programs to direct (38) energy from the

37、drawing of graffiti (涂鸦) to the (39) arts.In other places, basketball or baseball teams are set up. Sometimes the young people are (40) into patrol groups. Then, they are given the job of protecting older citizens that they might (41) have robbed and attacked. Social workers set up these youth progr

38、ams to meet the needs of a (42) area.Social workers are highly trained people and are good at solving community problems. They know how to set up (43) and get things started. However, (44) . These voluntary people encourage the young artists, train the sports teams, and oversee the patrol groups. Th

39、ey do other kinds of work as well.(45) . Many social service volunteers do not even have a high-school degree. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Theres no question that the Earth

40、is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we (47) to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable (48) for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too (49) to worry about, or too uncertainsomething projected by the same computer (50) that often cant

41、get next weeks weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldnt be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warmings about (51) change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comfort

42、ing thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news.From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the (52) is up 1F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The resul

43、ts arent pretty. Ice is (53) , rivers are running dry, and coasts are (54) , threatening communities.The (55) are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are omens of whats in store for the (56) of the planet.A remote B techniques C consisting D restE willing F

44、 climate G skill H appetiteI melting J vanishing K eroding L temperatureM curiosity N changes O skillful（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Throughout history man has changed his physical environment i

45、n order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed wood- lands into farmland, and make lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric (水力发电的)power. Man has also modified the face of the

46、earth by draining marshes(沼泽) and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However, mans changes to the physical environment havent always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gas

47、es come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many