大学四级-126及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-126 及答案解析(总分：706.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.英语角在大学里很普遍 2英语角在英语学习中的积极作用 3我对参加英语角的建议（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BAbout Gender: Differences/BIt is said that the first thing we ask about a newborn baby is “Is it a boy or a girl?“ But it might be considered that

2、this is the first thing we ask ourselves whenever we meet anyone new. Perhaps this is why we find it so threatening if the cues are uncertain, and even more so if we find our first assumptions turns out to be incorrect.Men are different from women. That would seem to be self-evident. They are differ

3、ent in ability, skill and behavior, but then, so is every individual person. So why do we make such a fuss about it? It seems not unreasonable to suggest that the sexes are different because their brains are different, but then no two human brains are the same It is suggested that our culture is in

4、trouble because many women have been brought up to believe they should be as good as men. Well, why not?We will only touch on these topics briefly. There is enough material for a dozen books. Suffice it to say that all the studies report on the way boys and girls are, not how they got to be that way

5、, or rather how they were at the time of the study. Commonality across cultures and species implies some biological basis. The fact that the situation is changing reflects the power of socialization. BAt School/BThere are studies about relative abilities of perception, vision, sound and touch. Certa

6、inly, if you watched a carpenter run his fingers al0hg a planed surface and being able to tell how smooth it was, you would find it difficult to believe that boys lack tactile (触觉的) sensitivity.Another is that girls tend to pick up auditory information while boys do better visually. Several studies

7、suggested that, from school age on, boys outperformed girls in areas of mathematics involving abstract concepts of space, relationships and theory. The big issue is the difference in the spatial abilities between boys and girls. It seems that boys find it much easier to visualize and deal with space

8、s, the position of objects, relative heights and dimensions. In a test involving a three dimensional mechanical device, only a quarter of the girls could perform the task as well as the boys and it isnt recorded if any boys were actually worse.Why are girls more successful at school? Perhaps emphasi

9、s on communication in projects and exams could explain the situation. Success at school nowadays depends on being able to write essays and examination papers. If girls are better at verbal communication than boys, then they are likely to succeed. But, if there are more boys than girls who find diffi

10、culty learning at school, does it not imply a serious defect in our educational system?BIn Sports/BIn general, men are taller and heavier than women. In sports, men tend to outperform women in strength and speed. Women seem to have greater endurance. In spite of many attempts, sports have never beco

11、me completely intended for both men and women.Yet, for example, running speeds for male and female athletes have improved steadily through the 20th century, but women have improved much more than men. The same is found for, athletics, swimming and cycling. Hence it is predicted that sex differences

12、might disappear by the middle of the next century. However S. Seller and S. Sailer, in “The Gender Gap Elite Women are Running Further Behind“, point out that, since the date of their studies, the rate of improvement has much reduced. They suggest a correlation with the use of drugs enhancing perfor

13、mance, and their more recent prohibition. These have a greater effect on women than they do with men. BBiological Differences/BMen, it is said, are generally more aggressive, physically and verbally, and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy “dares“. More men than women are convicte

14、d for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology, others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often they turn ou

15、t to be very small differences.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. Although one would expect there to be an equal chance of the fetus (胎儿) being a boy or girl, it appears that the ratio for boys is about 20 percent higher, yet only about the same number come to term. on average, m

16、en experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than Women, and have a better rate of survival after one year. Symptoms also vary by sex: women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more ea

17、sily to be infected by viruses and have a shorter average life span.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. Some have raised w6rries about differences in the effectiveness and side effects of various drugs./BSocial Considerat

18、ions/BHowever, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all, or the pressure to deny them, socially we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.The real problem is not that sex differences exist, but that in our everyday instinct of what sexual or gender

19、behavior is appropriate, our concepts may be too narrow or too rigid. The “biological determinism“ argument, too often, reinforces this.While others now say that there is too much biological evidence to deny the fact of sexual difference, we cannot ignore the effect of learning. To start with, the i

20、dea that we are the helpless products of our heredity (遗传) takes away our free will. We must not allow those who insist on the difference to blind us to the similarities and we must not allow the biological stereotypes to get away with the idea that there is only one kind of man and one kind of woma

21、n.As J. Sayers in Biological Politics puts it: “When one examines these supposedly purely biological accounts of gender roles one finds that they are rooted in appeal to social, not biological, considerations. This is true not only of recent biological analyses of sexual divisions in society but als

22、o of the biological explanations of these divisions advanced in the 19th century. The similarity between earlier and current versions of the thesis that biology is womans destiny is striking. “BRelevant Findings/BOut of the large number of papers that had been produced up until 1974, about differenc

23、es between men and women, E. E. Maccoby and C. N. Jacklin in The Psychology of Sex Differences found only the following main differences:BMales are more aggressive than females./BThough this finding has been challenged, and the definition of aggression itself questioned, it is a fairly common featur

24、e, both of human cultures and of the more complex species, male children are more likely to engage in play fighting and adults more likely to fight. Many challenge this, while others assert that it is the primary indicator of masculinity and femininity. BFemales have more verbal ability than males,

25、while males have better visual-spatial skills./BThe distinction seems to appear at about the age of eleven and, because of the relevance to education, it has received a great deal of attention. Although girls and boys seem to have the same ability for computational arithmetic, teenage boys also seem

26、 to do better at the more abstract mathematics, ft might seem that a childhood of social experience is the primary factor. However, the biological argument suggests that the hormonal (荷尔蒙的) changes of puberty activate those differences which did not grow in the past.Maccoby and Jacklins 1974 review

27、of the papers on gender and sex differences is the one most often quoted, and it may be that, more than thirty years later, another is urgently needed.（分数：70.00）(1).According to this passage, the idea that men are different from women is _.（分数：7.00）A.questioned by the authorB.certainly trueC.widely

28、deniedD.not commented on(2).As for spatial abilities,_.（分数：7.00）A.men are better than women in visualizing objectsB.men can always defeat women in related testsC.mens advantages have been scientifically provedD.men acquire them through much training and practice(3).According to S. Seiler and S. Sail

29、er, _.（分数：7.00）A.female athletes will have run faster than male ones by the middle of the next centuryB.men intend to run faster than women because they are in a more advantageous physical conditionC.women have improved much more in running speed than men because the former seem to have greater endu

30、ranceD.the rate of improvement in running speed for female athletes has much reduced since the research began(4).Men are said to be more aggressive and enjoy taking risks for_.（分数：7.00）A.biological reasonsB.social reasonsC.economic reasonsD.reasons not mentioned in the passage(5).When it comes to th

31、e social considerations of “gender“, the real problem lies in _.（分数：7.00）A.whether sex differences exist or notB.the pressure to deny sex differencesC.our narrow concepts of what gender behavior is appropriateD.whether biological evidence disproves sex differences(6).According to the author, we shou

32、ldnt neglect _ while others put too much stress on gender differences.（分数：7.00）A.gender similaritiesB.gender rolesC.the free will of usD.the effect of learning(7).The difference between males and females in visual-spatial skills and verbal ability seems to originate _.（分数：7.00）A.in adulthoodB.in chi

33、ldhoodC.from school experiencesD.from inborn hormonal conditions(8).ft is generally believed that _ are more likely to be successful at school.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).On average, men experience heart attacks_ earlier than women, and have a better rate of survival after one year.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Fema

34、les have more verbal ability than males, while males have better_ skills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：119.00)A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Because his wife has been beha

35、ving strangely.B.Because his father has suddenly had a heart attackC.Because his mother is still so unhappy about his fathers death.D.Because his daughter is all alone in a big house by the seaA.They moved to the seaside.B.They lived in a house by the river.C.They went to see their friends abroad.D.

36、They got annoyed with each other.A.only one year after his retirement.B.only two years after his retirement.C.only three years after his retirement.D.only four years after his retirement.A.once.B.Twice.C.Three times.D.Four rimes.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./

37、B（分数：21.00）A.Taping some music.B.Watching a film.C.Making a video recording.D.Writing a letter.A.He helped get her into the program.B.He recorded some tapes especially for her.C.He gave her a good grade in her Japanese class.D.He told her about an interesting movie to watch.A.Money to pay the extra

38、tuition cost.B.Maturity and common sense.C.Mastery of a foreign language.D.Flexibility and open-mindedness.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It has been proven to be the best pain-killer.B.It is a possible cure for heart dise

39、ase.C.It can help lower high body temperature effectively.D.It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.A.It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.B.It speeds up their recovery after surgery.C.It increases the blood flow to the heart.D.It adjusts their blood pressure.A.It is harmful t

40、o heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.B.It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation.C.It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.D.It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation.BQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage yo

41、u have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They strongly believes in family rules.B.They are very likely to succeed in life.C.They tend to take responsibility for themselves.D.They are in the habit of obeying their parents.A.They grow up to be funny and charming.B.They often have a poor sense of direction.C.Th

42、ey get less attention from their parents.D.They tend to be smart and strong-willed.A.They usually dont follow family rules.B.They dont like to take chances in their lives.C.They are less likely to be successful in life.D.They tend to believe in their parents ideas.BQuestions 32 to 35 are based on th

43、e passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.They wanted to follow his example.B.They full supported his undertaking.C.They were puzzled by his decision.D.They were afraid he wasnt full prepared.A.It is more exciting than space travel.B.It is much cheaper than space travel.C.It is much safer than spa

44、ce travel.D.It is less time-consuming than space travel.A.They both attract scientists attention.B.They can both be quite challenging.C.They are both thought-provoking.D.They can both lead to surprising findings.A.To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be.B.To provide an excuse for hi

45、s changeable character.C.To explore the philosophical issues of space travel.D.To explain why he took up underwater exploration.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：76.00)Robert Frost was born in San Francisco in 1875. When he was at the age of ten, he was sent to New England, an area which U(36) /Ualmost all of

46、 his poetry. He got a good education at Dartmouth College, New England, and Hard U(37) /U. He became a schoolmaster for a short time, and then a farm laborer. During this period he wrote poetry but with little U(38) /U. From 1912 to 1915, he lived in New England, where he became U(39) /Uwith several

47、 poets, including Edward Thomas, and published a Boys Will in 1913 and North of Boston in 1914. In America his poetry was soon U(40) /U, and he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize on four U(41) /Ubetween 1924 and 1943. He went on writing U(42) /Uthroughout his life, publishing Steeple Bush at the age of

48、seventy-two. He died in 1963.Frosts poems are revolutionary because they lack the U(43) /Uof language skills. Many of his lines and sentences are plain and in themselves nothing.U (44) /U.With his acute eye and much, we can feel the daily activities of farming and the landscape, such as applepicking or mending a wall.U (45) /U.often there is a clearly expressed “moral“,though sometimes this is hinted at rather than stated, and frequently there is an almost well-known