大学四级-1265及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1265 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.洋快餐颇受中国消费者的青睐2产生这种现象的原因3我的看法The Prevalence of Western Fast Food（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Earthquakes Influence on the PlanetThey approach the topic carefully, wary of sounding merciless, aware that the geolog

2、y they admire has just caused a staggering loss of life. Even so, scientists argue that in the very long view, the global process behind great earthquakes is quite advantageous for life on earth especially human life.Powerful tremors (震动) like the one that sent killer waves racing across the Indian

3、Ocean on Dec. 26 (2004) are inevitable side effects of the constant recycling of planetary crust, which produces a cozy, habitable planet. Some experts refer to the regular blows hundreds a day as the planets heartbeat.The advantages began billions of years ago, when this crustal recycling made the

4、oceans and atmosphere and formed the continents. Today, it builds mountains, enriches soils, regulates the p Janets temperature, concentrates gold and other rare metals and maintains the seas chemical balance.Plate tectonics (after the Greek word “tekton“, or builder) describes the geology. The trag

5、ic downside is that waves of quakes and volcanic eruptions along plate boundaries can devastate human populations. “Its hard to find something uplifting about 150,000 lives being lost,“ said Dr. Donald J. DePaolo, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley. “But the type of geological pro

6、cess that caused the earthquake and the tsunami is an essential characteristic of the earth. As far as we know, it doesnt occur on any other planetary body and has something very directly to do with the fact that the earth is a habitable planet.“Many biologists believe that the process may have even

7、 given birth to life itself. The main benefits of plate tectonics accumulate slowly and globally over the ages. In contrast, its local upheavals can produce regional catastrophes, as the recent Indian Ocean quake made clear. Even so, scientists say, the Dec.26 (2004) tsunamis may prove to be an ecol

8、ogical boon (裨益) over the decades for coastal areas hardest hit by the giant waves.Dr. Jelle Zeilinga de Boer, a geologist at Wesleyan University who grew up in Indonesia and has studied the islands, says historical evidence from earlier tsunamis suggests that the huge waves can distribute rich sedi

9、ments from river systems across coastal plains, making the soil richer. “It brings fertile soils into the lowlands,“ he said. “In time, a more fertile jungle will develop.“Dr. de Boer, author of recent books on earthquakes and volcanoes in human history, added that great suffering from tectonic viol

10、ence was usually followed by great benefits as well. “Nature is reborn with these kinds of terrible events,“ he said. “There are a lot of positive aspects even when we dont see them.“Plate tectonics holds that the earths surface is made up of a dozen or so big crustal slabs (板块) that float on a sea

11、of melted rock. Over ages, this churning (翻腾的) sea moves the plates as well as their continents and ocean basins, tearing them apart and rearranging them like pieces of a puzzle.The process starts as volcanoes burst forth hot rock that spreads out across the seabed. Eventually, hundreds or thousands

12、 of miles away, the cooling slab collides with other plates and sinks beneath them, plunging back into the hot earth. The colliding plates grind past one another about as fast as fingernails grow and over time produce mountains and swarms of earthquakes as frictional stresses build and release. Mean

13、while, parts of the descending plate melt and rise to form volcanoes on land.The recent cataclysm (地震) began in a similar manner as volcanic gashes (裂缝) in the western depths of the Indian Ocean ejected molten rock to form the India plate. Its collision with the Burma plate created the volcanoes of

14、Sumatra as well thousands of earthquakes, including the magnitude 9.0 killer.But despite such staggering losses of life, said Robert S. Derrick Jr., a geophysicist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, “Theres no question that plate tectonics rejuvenates (更新) the planet.“ Moreover, geologists

15、 say, it demonstrates the earths uniqueness. In the decades after the discovery of plate tectonics, space probes among the 70 or so planets and moons that make up the solar system found that the process existed only on earth as revealed by its unique mountain ranges.In the book “Rare Earth“ (Coperni

16、cus, 2000), which explored the likelihood that advanced civilizations dot the cosmos, Dr. Peter D Ward and Dr. Donald Brownlee of the University of Washington argued in a long chapter on plate tectonics that the slow recycling of planetary crust was uncommon in the universe yet essential for the evo

17、lution of complex life. “It maintains not just habitability but high habitability,“ said Dr. Ward, a paleontologist (古生物学者). (Dr. Brownlee is an astronomer.) Most geologists believe that the process yielded the earths primordial (原始的) ocean and atmosphere, as volcanoes spewed (喷涌) vast amounts of wa

18、ter vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. Plants eventually added oxygen. Meanwhile, many biologists say, the earths first organisms probably arose in the deep sea, along the volcanic gashes.“On balance, its possible that life on earth would not have originated without plate tectonics, or

19、 the atmosphere, or the oceans,“ said Dr. Frank Press, the lead author of “Understanding Earth“ (Freeman, 2004) and a past president of the National Academy of Sciences. The volcanoes of the recycling process make rich soil ideal for producing coffee, sugar, rubber, coconuts, palm oil, tobacco, pepp

20、er, tea and cocoa. Water streaming through gashing in the seabed concentrates copper, silver, gold and other metals into rich deposits that are often mined after plate tectonics pushes them onto dry land.Experts say the world ocean passes through the rocky pores of the tectonic system once every mil

21、lion years or so, increasing nutrients in the biosphere and regulating a host of elements and compounds, including boron (硼) and calcium.Dr. William H. Schlesinger, dean of the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke, says one vital cycle keeps adequate amounts of carbon dioxid

22、e in the atmosphere. Though carbon dioxide is thought to cause excessive greenhouse gas warming of the planet, an appreciable level is needed to keep planet warm enough to support life. “Having plate tectonics complete the cycle is absolutely essential to maintaining stable climate conditions on ear

23、th,“ Dr. Schlesinger said. “Otherwise, all the carbon dioxide would disappear and the planet would turn into a frozen ball.“Dr. Press, who was President Jimmy Carters science adviser, said the challenge in the coming decades would be to keep enjoying the benefits of plate tectonics while improving o

24、ur ability to control its deadly byproducts. “Were making progress,“ Dr. Press said. “We can predict volcanic explosions and erect warning systems for tsunamis. Were beginning to limit the downside effects./（分数：49.00）(1).Scientists believe that the crustal recycling process _.（分数：7.00）A.produces mor

25、e advantages than disadvantagesB.may finally kill all human life on earthC.annoyingly destroys the cozy, habitable earthD.works just as the blood recycling in human body(2).To Dr. Donald J. DePaolo, crustal recycling is essential for the habitable earth because _.（分数：7.00）A.it may uplift about 150,0

26、00 lives being lostB.it causes the earthquake and the tsunamiC.it gives birth to life from the very beginningD.it doesnt occur on other planetary body(3).What do scientists say about the effect of the Dec. 26 (2004) tsunamis?（分数：7.00）A.They make the disaster area not habitable for a long time.B.Huma

27、ns become more concerned about global warming.C.They will benefit the disaster area for a long time.D.Humans have begun to know and control the disaster.(4).How does Dr. de Boer come to the conclusion that great benefits follow great suffering from tectonic violence?A) By historical studies. C) By p

28、rediction.B) By studying legendaries. D) By studying the invisible benefits.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What starts the crustal recycling process according to plate tectonics?A) Big crustal slabs. C) Volcanoes.B) The sea of melted rock. D) Earthquakes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The space scientists determine the

29、 existence of the crustal recycling process on a planet by the existence of _.（分数：7.00）A.rivers and seaB.the atmosphereC.satellitesD.mountain ranges(7).The fact that the slow recycling of planetary crust was uncommon in the universe makes“Rare Earth“ conclude that _.（分数：7.00）A.no other advanced civi

30、lizations exist outside the earthB.other advanced civilizations are unlikely to existC.other advanced civilizations also inhabit the earthD.the human kind is the offspring of a prior civilization2.Most geologists believe that the earths primordial ocean was made of _ from volcanic eruptions.（分数：7.00

31、）填空项 1:_3.Dr. William H. Schlesinger thinks that we need enough _ to keep the earth warm enough to support life.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.Dr. Press said that humans have set up _ systems for plate tectonics disasters to limit their downside effects.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Sectio

32、n A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.He was offered a movie ticket.B.He received a traffic ticket.C.He worked very carefully.D.He drove carelessly.A.They had a misunderstanding four years ago.B.They really like each other very much.C.Theyve been angry with each other for a long time.D.Theyve never learned how to e

33、xpress their feelings.A.Run in town.B.Jog more carefully.C.Buy shoes from a catalog.D.Find an easier place to exercise.A.He needs a long-sleeved shirt.B.It doesnt fit him very well.C.He hasnt had time to try it on yet.D.He is not sure he likes the style.A.Buy some stamps.B.Wait for the postman.C.Mai

34、l the letter himself.D.Deliver a package to the postman.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Newspaper of low price.B.Newspaper with attractive headline.C.Newspaper with sports page.D.Newspaper with business section.A.The size of the daily newspaper.B.The

35、staff of the daily newspaper.C.The circulation of the daily newspaper.D.The advertisements in the daily newspaper.A.The whole paper.B.The parts that interest her.C.The news section only.D.The business section only.A.They are not news.B.They arent pleasant to read.C.Most people dont like to read abou

36、t them.D.They are difficult to understand.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Before finishing school.B.After finishing university.C.During her university course.D.Between school and university.A.International childrens projects.B.Social and environmental

37、 projects.C.Projects for people with no money.D.Projects involving sports and language.(3).A) Mainly from London. C) From different countries.B) Mainly from England. D) From charity organizations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.He likes the black and white sweater.B.He doesnt like either sweater.C.He likes the w

38、hite dress.D.He likes both of the sweater.A.Buy something for the picnic.B.Go for a ride around town.C.Go shopping with the man.D.Have a picnic.A.In a kitchen.B.In a market.C.In a garden.D.At a picnic.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just hea

39、rd.（分数：28.00）A.Partly because it is dangerous to hunt there.B.Partly because hunting is already out of date.C.Partly because hunters want to protect animals.D.Partly because there are few animals left to hunt.A.To improve their health.B.To earn peoples admiration.C.To gain power and influence.D.To m

40、ake the countryside safe.A.They hunt for food.B.They hunt for money.C.They mistreat animals.D.They hunt old animals.A.Modern hunters should put their safety first.B.Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.C.Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face to face.D.Modern hunters should us

41、e more advanced weapons.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Nuts.B.Potatoes.C.Vegetable oil.D.Dairy products.A.Carbohydrates.B.Indirect fat.C.Body fluid.D.Fat.A.Forty or fifty minutes of exercise once a week.B.Twenty or thirty minutes of exercise ev

42、ery day.C.Fifteen or twenty minutes of exercise five days a week.D.Thirty or forty minutes of exercise three or four days a week.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The scientists.B.The Greeks.C.The teachers.D.The scholars.A.They could not think.B

43、.They had no pollution.C.They could not dive deep.D.They had small boats.A.The water turns gray.B.It grows again.C.Life on earth improves.D.Life on earth dies.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The need for birth control methods has developed fairly (36) , with the desire among many women to be able to (37)

44、 when they want to have a baby. At the same time there is a growing (38) of the problem of a rapidly increasing world population.This problem of a (39) world population is largely the result of (40) medical skills, which have (41) the death rate an the same time raised the birth rate by increasing l

45、ive births and the number of babies who (42) early childhood. There is a growing (43) that food production cannot keep pace with these increase, the result of which is that in some countries people are already starving to death. This problem is further complicated by the fact that in places like Ame

46、rica and Europe we obtain by trade and consume far more food and resources like oil than, say, the average Indian, (44) .World population is rising at a rate of two percent a year; this means an addition of 70 million people a year to the present population of more than 3,500 million. (45) . The fas

47、test growing region is Latin America which includes South and Central America and the Caribbean, while Africa and Asia closely follow Latin America. However, the largest absolute addition to the world population is in Asia (46) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:

48、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Language barriers present a variety of challenges for children of any age. In Houston alone, bilingual education programs have helped many grade-school students (47) the trials that accompany not being able to speak English.In the past, such vital curriculum was not always readily (48) for children who needed it. One person who experienced the (49) of school li