大学四级-1066及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1066 及答案解析(总分：710.04，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the independence of young people in modern society.

2、You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：106.50)Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. （分数：31.50）A.A dog that runs on three legs.B.New robot dogs developed by scientists.C.New robo

3、ts that can help people in natural disasters.D.New robots that can continue working when injured.A.They can do everything that people can“t do.B.They will be improved in two years.C.They can work in dangerous situations.D.They can mend themselves when injured.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news

4、report you have just heard. （分数：30.00）A.It can help people cure diseases.B.It can make people feel happy.C.It can help people lose weight.D.It can help to protect against heart disease.A.One year.B.Three years.C.Four years.D.Thirty years.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just he

5、ard. （分数：45.00）A.Six million.B.Ten million.C.Six billion.D.Ten billion.A.They are accustomed to smoking.B.They have too much stress.C.They are teenagers.D.They find it cool to smoke.A.On the improvement of education.B.On the improvement of infrastructure.C.On the treatment of tobacco-related disease

6、s.D.On some illegal trade.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：71.00)Questions 8 to 11 are bused on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.Brentwood in America.B.London.C.Essex in England.D.Scotland.A.It is a small town next to London.B.It has a large population.C.It is in the northeast of Scotland.D.It

7、is a poor city.A.It“s a relatively small town.B.The people living there are very rich.C.Houses are scarce there.D.It“s close to London.A.The woman is not satisfied with the recreation there.B.The man thinks highly of the recreation there.C.All kinds of recreations are available there.D.The man think

8、s little of the recreation there.Questions 12 to 15 are bused on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.He worked in a painting store.B.He worked in a printing factory.C.He worked in a gas stand.D.He worked in a bookstore.A.To print the TV guides.B.To edit the TV guides.C.To sell the TV g

9、uides.D.To prepare the TV guides for distribution.A.High pay and short work hours.B.Friendly environment and teamwork spirit.C.Relaxed atmosphere and valuable experience.D.Good friends he made in the factory.A.Delightful.B.Meaningless.C.Terrible.D.Cruel.五、Section C(总题数：3，分数：71.00)Questions 16 to 18

10、are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.They can“t lose weight.B.They can lose weight by cutting calories or exercising.C.They really can“t keep the weight off.D.They should be on a diet to lose weight.A.Senior people are less likely to gain weight.B.Senior people are more likely t

11、o gain weight.C.Once people get fat, they will suffer various problems.D.Once people get fat, they gain weight steadily.A.It may have a negative influence.B.It plays a very significant role.C.It is meaningless.D.It can have a positive impact.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

12、heard. （分数：21.30）A.Prevent the students doing any movement.B.Give students more time to rest.C.Bring students more activities.D.Adopt the same teaching plan for a long time.A.It can help teachers interact with the students.B.It just shows the words to students.C.It can reduce the dust in the classro

13、om.D.It can save teachers“ time.A.Students“ ability to study.B.Students“ ability to do activities.C.Students“ ability to maintain attention.D.Students“ ability to communicate with others.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Pot using.B.Wet cloth.C.Sand.D.Tempe

14、rature.A.People who eat spoiled food may get sick.B.Farmers have to throw away spoiled products.C.Farmers have to sell the spoiled products quickly at a low price.D.People need money to dispose of the spoiled food.A.By electricity.B.Through an evaporation process.C.Through a freezing process.D.With

15、the help of some special bacteria.A.He sold his invention to make money.B.He preferred invention to teaching.C.He was honored with an award for his teaching methods.D.He financed 5000 pot-in-pot systems to help people.六、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Researchers have ide

16、ntified 1.4 million animal species so farand millions remain to be discovered, named, and scientifically described. So how much would it actually cost to 1 every animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian scientists has crunched (详细计算) the numbers and 2 up with an answer: $263 billion. That“s way more tha

17、n the $5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson estimated back in 2000and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even $263 billion would be a 3 price to pay to understand the creatures that 4 such essentials as agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and ener

18、gy sources, says ornithologist (鸟类学家) Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. “Literally, the world economy runs on biodiversity,“ he says. “People don“t understand really, deeply how much we depend on biodiversity.“ Most biologists agree that with extinction rates

19、5 and climate change looming, the 6 to document the planet“s biodiversityor biota (生物区)is urgent, 7 considering the essential role these life forms play in crop pollination, clean air, and other aspects of human 8 . “We are losing species by extinction faster than we are describing new species“ acco

20、rding to some estimates, says biologist Antonio Marques, who 9 the new paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of St. Paulo in Brazil. “We have to know the biota to preserve and conserve the biota,“ he says. Besides the money, another huge 10 to a complete understanding of the animal kin

21、gdom is a global shortage of taxonomists (分类学家), experts say. A. attempt B. cheaper C. classify D. coauthored E. come F. effort G. enable H. especially I. exactly J. identify K. obstacle L. small M. soaring N. well-being O. yet（分数：35.50）八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)On Food Safety, a Long List but Litt

22、le MoneyA. This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli (大肠杆菌) killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported papayas (木瓜) contaminated with salmonella (沙门氏菌) poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one dead. The lan

23、dmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the roll call of recent cases underlines the importance of the task. B. “It“s an enormous undertaking,“ said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administration“s deputy com

24、missioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and importers can follow and regulators can enforce. The agency is taking on the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing (大幅削减预算) means that regulators have li

25、ttle hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didn“t have resources to implement the law. “The choice is we either find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You can“t build something brand-new without the resources to do

26、it. “ C. The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those this summer. One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmers to grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rules is due ear

27、ly next year. The agency is expected to deal with basics like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measures to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteria. D. Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and far

28、m sizes. The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms. E. For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safe

29、ty officials will come storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law b

30、ut was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit would help them better understand how a farm worked. F. The complexity of the FDA“s task became clear as

31、 the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government expected of him. “We“re all just trying to find out what this food safety thing is all about,“ he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he q

32、uestioned whether it was worth including them in food safety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the FDA“s job was to focus most of its efforts where the food safety risks were greatest. G. The third stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris. They grow a

33、 dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers“ markets and buying clubs. They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye toward food safety, including building a large processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated stora

34、ge. The new law remits (免除) small farms that average less than $500000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms. Kaplan Walbrecht said that her farm brings in too much money to qualify for the exemption. She worried that the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either b

35、y adding paperwork or by unleashing (不加管束的) regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked. H. But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could render the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the FDA will need

36、 hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has passed a budget that largely eliminates new money for the FDA. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own

37、 proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agency“s finances. I. The budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under the new law

38、, which strengthen each year. “Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive,“ said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the FDA who is now a food safety consultant. “There will be a public health impact because enforcement won“t be to the extent they want to do it.“ The

39、agency has already said that, without lots of new money, it won“t be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require after a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be difficult, too. The FDA has about 1000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but

40、most of them also inspect drug and medical device facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly. J. So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law. “I“ve never seen the agency go at anything with such enthusiasm,“ said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food

41、policy expert at the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would take shortcuts. The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms. Tucker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as

42、high risk to make its job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. “We“re not going to game the system,“ he said.（分数：71.00）(1).Ms. Kaplan worried the new law could burden small farmers, though it gives exemption to small farms.（分数：7.10）(2).In order to reduce the frequency and severity of food

43、safety problems, the Congress passed the food safety law.（分数：7.10）(3).Food safety advocates concern that the budget cuts will make the law lack the necessary force for effectiveness.（分数：7.10）(4).Since the government cuts down the budget greatly, the FDA has no enough money to implement the food safe

44、ty law.（分数：7.10）(5).The budget freeze or cuts would have the most influence on the increasing inspections.（分数：7.10）(6).The FDA is hoped to cope with the basic food safety problems.（分数：7.10）(7).The FDA argued that the foreign food inspections won“t be able to be enforced due to lacking lots of new mo

45、ney.（分数：7.10）(8).No officials helped the farmers with the food safety problems before Mr. Taylor visited farmers around the country.（分数：7.10）(9).The most frequent inspections demanded by the law are operated on the riskiest facilities.（分数：7.10）(10).Jimmy Zilnicki doubted whether it was necessary to

46、include potatoes in food safety rules.（分数：7.10）九、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)As a volunteer, John Apollos is losing weightthe old-fashioned wayby eating less. Apollos has lowered his daily caloric intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted a

47、way. But that“s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three-quarters of what they used to. The researchers are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the ageing process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and heal

48、thier,“ says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing.“ The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet decades of calorie-restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have s

49、hown just that. Last July a long-term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, found that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys (恒河猴) as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did. Scientists have suspected that calorie restriction could extend the life span of animals since at least 1935, when researchers at Cornell University noticed that se