大学四级-1062及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1062 及答案解析(总分：710.04，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on individualism. You should write at least 120 words bu

2、t no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：106.50)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：31.50）A.10.B.12.C.26.D.60.A.The double-car-bomb attack happened in the Algerian capital on Tuesday.B.Algeria was the only country where

3、 the U.N. employees were at risk.C.Two main United States“ buildings in Algiers were badly damaged.D.The U.N. was considered as an innocent humanitarian organization.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：30.00）A.Because those children could not prove they regularly ate ther

4、e.B.Because most of those children are healthy.C.Because the court believed that consumers knew the dangers of McDonald“s products.D.Because some children are not really overweighed.A.McDonald“s food is not clean.B.McDonald“s food price is too high.C.McDonald“s food contains high fat.D.McDonald“s en

5、vironment is not safe.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. （分数：45.00）A.Remove the bird from the Endangered Species List.B.Look after a few dozen nests.C.Pass the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.D.Forbid killing, selling or otherwise harming bald eagles.A.417.B.834.C.1963.D

6、.8,500.A.Lack of government support.B.Lack of money.C.Debate over laws.D.Shortage of information.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.The relationship of purchases to time spent in shopping.B.The

7、length of time required for drugstore shopping.C.The increases in the size and stock of drugstores.D.The purchase of clothing from department stores.A.A druggist“s suggestion.B.An article.C.An advertisement.D.A sales clerk“s comment.A.People enjoy shopping in it.B.People spend little time in it.C.Pe

8、ople are more likely to buy something in it if time is limited.D.People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold in the drugstore.A.They know what they want to buy.B.They have little money to spend.C.They talk themselves out of purchase.D.They shop at the cheapest stores.六、Convers

9、ation Two(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.The university provides two types of accommodation.B.Students must apply early since the places are limited.C.A student may choose from university-owned or private accommodation.D.Most students

10、 prefer self-catering accommodation.A.37.86.B.5.41.C.5.2.D.7.43.A.Before the end of the month.B.At the beginning of the year.C.Next month.D.Any time.A.Self-catering accommodation is very far from the university.B.If the student wants a private accommodation, he may call the Students“ Union.C.A stude

11、nt may live where he or she likes.D.There are limited places in university-owned accommodation.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Sense of sight.B.Sense of hearing.C.Sense of smell.D.Sense of taste.A.Six

12、 times.B.Five times.C.Three times.D.Two times.A.Through a wide variety of high-frequency sounds.B.Through a wide variety of low-frequency sounds.C.Through their varied swimming gestures.D.Through the echolocation.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

13、heard. （分数：21.30）A.Mexico.B.The US.C.The UK.D.Canada.A.Passing a test to write travel guides.B.Finishing her work as soon as possible.C.Checking all the facts to be written in the guides.D.Working in different places to collect information.A.She is successful in her job.B.She finds her life full of

14、stresses.C.She spends half of her time travelling.D.She is especially interested in museums.十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.They worry about school.B.They dislike living with their parents.C.They have to be locked in to avoi

15、d troubles.D.They quarrel a lot with other family members.A.They don“t want to make family decisions.B.They don“t want to share family responsibility.C.They don“t want to go boating with their family.D.They don“t want to cause trouble in their families.A.They give their children more freedom.B.They

16、care less about their children“s life.C.They are much stricter with their children.D.They go to clubs more often with their children.A.Negotiation in family.B.Education in family.C.Harmony in family.D.Teenage trouble in family.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)It is not

17、 unusual today for old people to spoil their grandchildren with toys and sweets and to 1 to their aggressive demands. It is natural that old people adore (爱) their grandchildren, but is not normal that this adoration should go so far as to create little emperors and empresses. Such adoration has a 2

18、 effect on the children“s personalities and moral standards. A survey of 152 such families found that 88 percent of grandparents admitted that they tended to yield to their grandchildren“s every request, especially if the children had resorted to tears. It seems that when children are told off by th

19、eir parents or teachers, their elder relatives interfere protecting and comforting the children. When the children are 3 to do some family chores (杂务), 59 percent of the old people said they would invariably (总是) do it for them. Some grandparents would even go to 4 to sweep floors and wash windows f

20、or their grandchildren. It has become usual that when little boys and girls get good 5 in examinations, their grandparents reward them. As a result, the children have come to take these favours for granted (认为是理所当然) and have become less 6 towards others. Parents and teachers have all appealed to old

21、 people to be 7 for the sake of future generations. The problems of these spoiled children can be 8 . First, parents and grandparents should understand that their 9 is to train the children to become both self-controlled and self-dependent. Second, they should allow the children to be more independe

22、nt. And third, young parents should 10 with the old instead of leaving the grandparents entirely responsible to raise the children. A. beneficial I. quarrel B. considerate J. required C. cooperate K. school D. information L. sensible E. marks M. solved F. negative N. task G. participated O. yield H.

23、 precisely（分数：35.50）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Role of Parents in Promoting Language DevelopmentA. From infancy to early childhood, one undeniable change takes placechildren learn to talk. In cultures around the world, young children“s rapid language development represents a language explosion,

24、 with words and sentences bursting forth. By age 6, the average child has a vocabulary of over 10,000 words because during these early years children learn words at the rapid rate of 10 to 20 new words per day through a process called fast mapping. Furthermore, even though different languages have d

25、ifferent subject, verb, and object placement, young children“s word placement matches the grammatical structure of their native language from the time they first string two words together. B. Moreover, young children demonstrate an understanding of verb tense in their language. An example of prescho

26、olers“ knowledge of verb tense is demonstrated in the following. The young child who says “I played with Sally today“ comprehends (理解，领悟) that ed is added to a verb to represent past tense. When that same child says “Sally and I goed to the park“, the child is still demonstrating a basic understandi

27、ng of past tense. In the second example, the child uses over regularisation (规则化,正规化), whereby (由此，借 以) a standard rule of past tense is applied to the English language, which has many exceptions to the standard rules. C. The remarkable advances in language development during the preschool years are

28、 further exemplified in young children“s social speech. Preschool children are extraordinarily good at producing social adaptive behaviour in their verbal (口头的,言辞的) communication. For example, 4-year-old children speak differently to 2 olds when they see themselves in a teaching role and when they a

29、re attempting to engage a younger child in informal play. Additionally, young children“s speech reflects the social skills of turn taking and topic maintenance. D. There is no question that the preschool stage of development is an impressive time of language development. The extraordinary growth of

30、vocabulary that occurs during the preschool years is matched by an impressive understanding of basic grammar and socially adaptive language. There are, nevertheless, variations in language development and these variations can be traced to parent-child interactions. First of all, preschoolers need to

31、 hear new words in order to learn them. It is, hence, beneficial for young children when their parents continually engage them in verbal dialogues and respond to their questions and other verbal comments. Young children“s language development (especially vocabulary expansion) is further promoted whe

32、n adults label new things for them. E. Finally, whereas the language development that occurs during the preschool stage is impressive, young children“s pronunciation takes a little longer to perfect. It is important that parents do not attempt to correct their young children“s pronunciation because

33、that approach actually hampers (妨碍) their preschoolers“ language development. Instead of calling attention to their youngsters“ mispronunciation, parents should respond to their preschoolers“ speech as if they had pronounced the words correctly. In their responses to their young children“s mispronun

34、ciations, however, it is important for parents to repeat back the words correctly, thereby modeling the correct pronunciation. How young children understand speech F. Even though young children“s speech reflects their social understanding of turn taking, topic maintenance, and social adaptation, the

35、y are somewhat limited in comprehending the speech of others. First, the preoperational thought of young children prevents them from understanding the concept of reversibility (可逆行), which shows up in their failure to accurately comprehend reverse-order sentences. An example of this misunderstanding

36、 can be detected in the statement whereby the parent says to the child, “You can have a cookie after you wash your hands.“ Because young children understand the sequence of action in the order that it is presented, the child believes the parent is actually saying, “You can have a cookie, then you sh

37、ould wash your hands.“ Not only does the child think that cookie eating comes before hand washing in this instance, the child is less likely to have paid attention to the second half of the sentence. The failure to attend to the second stated action in the sentence is due to preschoolers“ egocentric

38、 (自我中心的) tendency to focus on one thing at a time. G. Still another limitation of children“s linguistic understanding stems from their inability to comprehend metaphors (隐喻，暗喻)that one word or phrase can mean different things when used in different contexts. Their inability to grasp metaphors means

39、that young children are quite literal (照字面的，原义 的) in their understanding and use of speech. As a case in point, if a father tells a preschool child on the phone that he will be home in a little while but that he is “tied up right now,“ the child believes the father is literally tied up. The concerne

40、d child might turn to the mother and ask, “How is Daddy going to get untied.“ H. The child“s lack of understanding that words might mean different things in different contexts means their language understanding is very context bound. An illustration of this language limitation is apparent in the sit

41、uation where a parent has taken the child into the deep end of the swimming pool and the child learns from that experience that deep means over one“s head. When that same parent says to the young child the following week that it is okay to step in puddles (水坑) after a rain while wearing rain boots,

42、but not to step into deep puddles, the child will feel free to step into any puddle that is not over the child“s head. Still another restriction of young children is their lack of ability to understand complex, multiaction sentences. For instance, a young child would have trouble making sense of the

43、 following request: “Tommy, pick up your toys, go wash your hands, and put on your jacket.“ The parent who uses a sentence such as that expects the child to attend to several different requests, which is very difficult for the egocentric young child. What this means for professionals I. First, paren

44、ts should be certain that they speak clearly, and face-to-face, with their young children so that their children have the opportunity to watch the formation of their words and clearly hear how sentences are formed and words are pronounced. Second, it is better to use short, concrete sentences, state

45、 one request or idea at a time, and give the child an opportunity to think about and process each request separately. Third, it is important for parents not to use metaphors when talking to their preschool children, who rely on literal comprehension. Fourth, parents need to understand that even thou

46、gh a child has learned the meaning of a word, the child might not understand the usage of that word in a different context. Therefore, parents should be very patient with their young children and not assume that they are misbehaving when they have not followed through with instructions. It is possib

47、le that the child has not clearly understood the meaning of words used in a context that does not match the one in which the words were learned. Finally, some parents need to be reminded of the importance of slowing down their pace when speaking to their young children, thus providing sufficient pau

48、ses to encourage parent-preschooler dialogue.（分数：71.00）(1).Parents“ correcting their young children“s pronunciation is not good for their preschoolers“ language development.（分数：7.10）(2).The example of preschool children speaking differently when playing different roles shows that they are expert in

49、behaving adaptively in their verbal communication.（分数：7.10）(3).Parents need to be very patient when their preschoolers haven“t carried out their instructions.（分数：7.10）(4).The rapid growth of preschool children“s vocabulary is accompanied by their comprehension of basic grammar and socially adaptive language.（分数：7.10）(5).Young children have difficulty understanding a sentence that states several different requests.（分数：7.10）(6).Though languages are different, young children can arrange words ac