大学四级-1060及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1060 及答案解析(总分：710.04，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on money. You should write at least 120 words but no mor

2、e than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：106.50)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：31.50）A.4 days.B.3 days.C.5 days.D.6 days.A.North Korea will shut down the nuclear reactor.B.North Korea will inspect nuclear facility.C.North

3、Korea will dismantle nuclear weapons.D.North Korea will negotiate with European Union officials.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：30.00）A.Less than 5.B.At least 6.C.13 to 14.D.Only 2.A.Its front tyre blew out.B.Its brake was ineffective.C.Its front lights were broken.D.

4、Its front was completely destroyed.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. （分数：45.00）A.Headache.B.Toothache.C.Heart attack.D.Stroke.A.Not only adults but the young may suffer from teeth problem.B.Babies with bad teeth can easily die.C.The doctors should be responsible for the case

5、.D.The boy was not fed with his breast milk.A.They should brush their teeth as the adult do.B.They should clean the gum with warm wet cloth.C.They don“t need to brush after feeding.D.They can be put to sleep with a bottle of milk.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation One(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Questions

6、8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.In a shop today.B.In the street today.C.In the street yesterday.D.In a shop yesterday.A.It sold sport shoes near a bank.B.It sold sport shoes but soon went bankrupt.C.It sold sport suits near a bank.D.It sold sport suits but soon

7、 went bankrupt.A.His beer was not fine.B.He sold hard drinks.C.He sold beer.D.His hard drinks were not fine.A.Some people didn“t support him.B.Some people are jealous of him.C.His wife wanted him to give up his business.D.He has no confidence to run his business any more.六、Conversation Two(总题数：1，分数：

8、35.50)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.He returned the books to the new library.B.He went to see the new library.C.He began to study in the new library.D.He borrowed some books from the new library.A.It is near the university.B.It is hard to find a pl

9、ace to study there.C.It has comfortable chairs.D.It allows students to rent a bicycle.A.By taxi.B.On foot.C.By bus.D.By bike.A.She has a class to attend.B.She has to turn off the gas.C.She needs to see her friend off.D.She has an appointment.七、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Que

10、stions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Because it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime.B.Because it is biologically difficult for students to rise early.C.Because students work so late at night that they can“t get up early.D.Because students are so lazy t

11、hat they don“t like to go to school early.A.Teenagers sleep better than they did at childhood.B.Teenagers have to choose their sleep patterns.C.Teenagers need more sleep than they used to.D.Teenagers depend more on their parents.A.Teenage health care.B.Teenage sleep difficulties.C.Problems in teenag

12、e learning.D.Changes in teenage sleep needs and patterns.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.New York University.B.The University of Southern California.C.The University of San Francisco State University.D.Jones Wales University.A

13、.It had the most foreign students.B.Its students outnumbered those in other states.C.Most of its foreign students were the Japanese.D.It offered more financial aids.A.Engineering and industrial design.B.Business and management.C.Mathematics and computer science.D.Medicines and chemistry.十、Passage Th

14、ree(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.He did not have any luggage with him.B.That made him easier to be recognised.C.They were the uniforms for air couriers.D.His bag had no room for his clothes.A.He organises international flights for touris

15、ts.B.He travels around the world with cheap tickets.C.He delivers papers and packages to foreign countries.D.He manages a business company in foreign countries.A.It costs less.B.It is flexible.C.It saves time.D.It grows fast.A.He has to wear two pairs of jeans.B.He cannot take any luggage with him.C

16、.He saves little money from the travel.D.He cannot decide when and where to travel.十一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)According to sociologists, there are several different ways a person may become recognised as the leader of a social group. Although leaders are often th

17、ought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce 1 evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders“. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, 2 any person may be recognised as a leader if the pers

18、on has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that 3 the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental

19、leaders to “get things done“. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasises the collective well-beings (幸福) of social group members. They are less 4 with the overall goals of the group than with providing 5 support to group members and attempting to minimise tension and con

20、flict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 6 group members who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the group“s goals. Expressive leaders 7 a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer

21、 8 when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the 9 in these two roles suggests, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 10 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy more

22、distant respect. A. affection I. discipline B. concerned J. emotional C. confirm K. emphasises D. consistent L. eventually E. constant M. satisfied F. controls N. sympathy G. cultivate O. virtually H. difference（分数：35.50）十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Exercise to Protect Aging Bodiesand BrainA. We all

23、know that exercise is good for you. Staying physically active helps keep your heart healthy and your muscles strong, and in cancer patients it has even been shown to ward off relapse (复发). Now a series of independently conducted studies on the effects of exercise on healthy older adults, published i

24、n the Archives of Internal Medicine, confirms that logging time at the gym not only helps maintain good health but may even prevent the attack of chronic (慢性的) diseases, such as heart disease and dementia (痴呆). B. In one surprising trial, researchers led by Dr Teresa Liu-Ambrose at the University of

25、 British Columbia assigned 155 aging women to three separate groups at random and directly compared the cognitive (认知) effects of two types of exercise: resistance training, done once or twice weekly, in which those who took part in the trial worked out with free weights and weight machines and did

26、squats and lunges (弓步), versus (与相对) toning and balance exercises, which those who took part in the trial did twice a week. C. By the end of the yearlong study, the women who weight-trained saw an improvement in their performance on cognitive tests of memory and learning as well as in executive func

27、tions such as decision-making and conflict resolutionwomen who trained once a week improved their scores in executive functioning by 12.6% while those who did balance and toning exercises showed no such improvement. The muscle-strengthening exercise also helped the volunteers, ages 65 to 75, boost t

28、heir walking speed, a commonly used indicator of overall health status in the elderly, as faster pace has been linked with lower death rate. D. The Canadian researchers“ findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous studies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic (有氧的) exercise, whic

29、h experts believe enhances cognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team speculated that anaerobic (厌氧的) weight training would have a similar effect for other reasons. First, a resistance-training regimen requires a considerable amount of learning, especially for

30、 elderly people who may not be accustomed to the equipment. To learn how to use dumbbells or a leg press correctly, for example, the volunteers were required to focus on the task at hand, master new techniques and retain new information about proper and safe use of equipment. Previous studies have s

31、hown that such learning can help older adults maintain mental acuity (敏锐). E. The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats and keep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. “There is a lot more learning involved that may not occur if y

32、ou take up a walking program,“ she says, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with the equipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies have found that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factor that

33、is important for maintaining skeletal mass. This factor, it turns out, also promotes nerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental function. F. In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germany found that increased physical activ

34、ity was associated with a lower incidence of dementia. In this study, researchers recruited 3,485 elderly residents in Bavaria and asked them about their physical activity. None of those who took part in the study had dementia at the start of the analysis, but after two years of follow-up, researche

35、rs found that those who exercised at least three times a week were half as likely to have developed dementia, compared with the people who reported no physical activity. Based on his results, says lead author Dr Thorleif Etgen, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) and psychotherapy at Mnchen University,

36、 “it doesn“t make a big difference if you have moderate or high physical activity. The important message is that you do any activity. And even if you start late in life, at 60 or 70, there is a benefit, for it“s never too late to start exercising.“ G. The key words are “moderate or high“, according

37、to another study that was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine . Dr Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of Public Health, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses“ Health Study and found that when it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20 minut

38、es a week, those who jogged three hours a week or walked quickly for five hours a week were 76% more likely to age successfully, free of chronic illnesses such as cancer and heart disease, as well as mental and physical impairment (损伤). Sun“s group found that this benefit occurred across all weight

39、divisions, meaning that even among those who were overweight, women who exercised improved their odds of aging without chronic disease. The effects may apply across different age groups as well; the women were at least 60 years old by the time they enrolled in the study, and while Sun was not able t

40、o determine how long they had been exercising prior to that, the results suggest that the health benefits are not limited to the young. H. That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the journal, by researchers at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 24

41、6 elderly women were assigned to an 18-month exercise regimen or wellness program at random. The women participating in the four-times-weekly exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and balance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women in the wellness group,

42、 which focused on walking, muscle relaxation and breathing skills, had a 0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period. I. Despite the positive evidence, however, not all researchers are ready to suggest that exercise is a sure-fire method against mental decline or chronic disease

43、 in healthy people. To make that claim, a large, longer-term, controlled trial would be needed, in which those who took part in the trial are assigned to exercise or not at random, and are then followed for the development of chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease or dementia. Still, says

44、Dr Marco Pahor, director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Florida and author of a commentary (评论性书籍) on the studies appearing in the journal, “If you pool all the evidence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising.“（分数：71.00）(1).Experts believe that the aerobic exercises raise

45、people“s cognitive function by stimulating blood blow to brain.（分数：7.10）(2).Learning of using the resistance-training equipment is good for the elderly people in that it can keep their mind acute.（分数：7.10）(3).According to the studies published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, exercise can keep

46、the healthy elderly from getting some chronic diseases.（分数：7.10）(4).The result of Liu-Ambrose and his partners“ research about the cognitive effects of two kinds of exercise on aging women shows that resistance training is good for promoting cognitive function.（分数：7.10）(5).In Liu-Ambrose“s research,

47、 muscle-strengthening exercises increased the walking speed of volunteers aged 65-75.（分数：7.10）(6).In Dr Marco Pahor“s opinion, according to all evidence provided, it proves that exercise can bring promising benefits.（分数：7.10）(7).According to the research done by University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, dif

48、ferent types of exercises taken by elderly women have different effect on their bone mineral density in the same period.（分数：7.10）(8).According to Qi Sun“s research, women who take more exercise have little chance to get some chronic diseases in their process of aging.（分数：7.10）(9).German scientists f

49、ind that doing more physical exercises can lower the rate of dementia.（分数：7.10）(10).Those who take part in Liu-Ambrose“s research take the toning and balance exercises twice a week.（分数：7.10）十四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A father“s relationship to his child“s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning t