大学四级-1038及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1038 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现今，越来越多的大学生追求时尚2这种现象产生的不良影响3我的看法On Pursuing Fashion（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)VegetarianismVegetarianism (素食主义) seems more popular than ever. About 8 million Americans consider themselves vegetarians, and an i

2、ncreasing number of them are young people often the children of vegetarianism or kids whove decided to become one in their own. But some question appears whether vegetarianism is a healthy diet for a growing child.There are many reasons why people choose a vegetarian lifestyle, including health conc

3、erns and love for animals. Whatever the reason, their numbers are surprisingly high, especially for girls.The American Dietetic Association estimates that a huge 11 percent of girls, ages 13 to 17, have given up meat and meat products.Children and teenagers declare themselves vegetarian to assert di

4、etary independence from their parents. Vegetarian cosmetics and cruelty-free clothes fill corner drugstores and high-end shops. But although vegetarian is trendy, sometimes rebellious and decidedly modern, its actually one of the earliest diets. Some cultures have survived without meat for thousands

5、 of years. Socrates, Plato, Leonardo da Vinci, Charles Darwin and Thomas Edison were all vegetarians.The Vegetarian DietThe vegetarian diet is straightforward enough: Vegetarians do not eat meat. Some people who avoid beef and pork but still eat poultry or fish mistakenly consider themselves vegetar

6、ians. Although vegetarianism has varying degrees, the diets core principle is abstention from all meat. Most vegetarians are lacto-ovo-vegetarians they do not eat meat but they allow dairy products and eggs. Lacto-vegetarians allow dairy, and ovo-vegetarians allow eggs. Vegans take basic vegetariani

7、sm several steps further. Instead of abstaining only from eating fish and meat, vegans avoid eating, wearing or using any animal products. This means no eggs or dairy, no honey, no leather, fur, wool or silk, and no cosmetics or chemicals tested on animals.There is, however, plenty for vegetarians t

8、o eat. Lacto-ovo vegetarians eat fruit, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, dairy and eggs. They eat meat substitutes like soybean-based tofu and tempeh, and seitan, a wheat protein. As far as vegans are concerned, the Vegan Society recommends healthy servings of vegetables, fruits, grains, oils and fo

9、rtified nondairy product like soy milk. Some vegans also eat tempeh, tofu or seitan. Vegans also take supplements of vitamin 1312, vitamin D and calcium to make up for any dietary deficiencies.Ethnic cookings growing popularity has also opened up a world of new vegetarian foods to vegetarians and me

10、at-eaters alike. Middle Eastern, North African, Indian and Asian foods are often vegetarian or easily can be made so. Reasons for Vegetarianism Even with vegetarianisms various degrees of strictness, the core diet is simply abstention from meat. But that one decision the decision not to eat meat can

11、 have a lot behind it. Vegetarians choose their diet for many reasons. Some are health-conscious, some believe animal agriculture hurts the environment and others have moral or religious objections to meat.Vegetarianism has become a popular health diet. Vegetarian favorites, like fruit, vegetables,

12、and whole grains, are low in fat and cholesterol (胆固醇) and rich in fiber, vitamins C and E. The American Dietetic Association even reports that vegetarians have lower blood pressure, cholesterol and body mass indexes than non-vegetarians. Of course, no diet is automatically healthy. Vegetarians must

13、 make sure they take in enough protein, calcium and vitamin B 12 without overindulging in fatty, high-calorie foods like cheese.Many vegetarians are as concerned with the Earths well-being as they are with their own. Some vegetarians choose the diet for environmental reasons because they believe tra

14、ditional agriculture has less of an ecological impact than animal agriculture. People usually try not to think about where their meat comes from. It can be unpleasant to imagine your hamburger as a wide-eyed cow in the pasture, let alone as an unhealthy animal in a cramped factory farm. But for many

15、 vegetarians, disassociation or denial is impossible. They often feel morally unable to eat animals slaughtered for their meat. Vegans take their ethical objections a step further and refuse to eat dairy or eggs from animals that they believe have led unnaturally short and unhappy lives.Some of vege

16、tarianisms ethical concerns have spread to the mainstream. Even steadfast meat-eaters often like the idea of free-range chicken or cage-free eggs animal husbandry techniques that promise a more compassionate alternative to traditional factory farming.Vegetarians have long chosen the diet for ethical

17、 reasons. Although the first practitioners only temporarily avoided meat for purification, the first regular vegetarians began the diet after philosophical awakenings in the Eastern Mediterranean region and India.The philosopher Pythagoras of Samos (530 BC) taught vegetarianism to his followers. Pyt

18、hagoras believed that because we are related to animals, we should treat them with kindness. Many other famous philosophers agreed Plato, Epicurus and Plutarch condemned animal sacrifice and avoided eating meat.In India, the Buddhist religion teaches that humans should not kill living creatures for

19、food. Although Buddhism later declined in India, vegetarianism remained and spread among people. Many upper classes and some lower classes adopted the virtue of harmlessness, which forbade hurting living things.But how did vegetarianism transform into a health movement in the 19th century and an ani

20、mal rights issue in the 20th?The Modern Vegetarian MovementToday vegetarianism is trendy 25 percent of adolescents even think its “cool“. The success of vegetarian cosmetics and vegetarian foods like veggie dogs and tofurkey is a testament to the diets popularity. Groups that promote vegetarianism a

21、nd animal rights, like the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have tremendous lobbying power with major companies. But vegetarianism hasnt always been so generally accepted, nor has it always been linked with the animal-rights movement.

22、In 17th-and 18th-century Europe, some Protestant groups embraced vegetarianism as a moral directive a way to be sinless. By the 19th century, European and North American vegetarianism had become a fringe health movement. Adherents promoted the dietary benefits of vegetarianism even coupling it with

23、temperance and anti-tobacco movements. Modem organized vegetarianism began with the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847 by the Bible Christian Sect of England. Within a year, the Society had 478 members.It wasnt until the mid-20th century that vegetarianism partnered with animal rights movem

24、ent. Americas most notorious animal rights organization, PETA, vigorously protests against all animal products and animal testing. It is best known for its bold ad campaigns. The HSUS takes a less strict approach. It accepts that people will eat meat and focus instead on reducing meat consumption, r

25、eplacing animal products and improving farming techniques. Both PETA and the HSUS, however, are powerful political machines: They hold stock in companies like Tyson, Wal-Mart, McDonalds and Smithfields. The modern vegetarian movement is getting ever more powerful.（分数：49.00）(1).Which of the following

26、 groups is eager to have a vegetarian lifestyle in America now?A) Males always falling ill. C) People owning pets at home.B) Girls between 13 and 17. D) Males in their early twenties.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It turns out that vegetarianism has survived for _.A) thousands of years C) five centuriesB) a t

27、housand years D) one century（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which group can be counted as lacto-ovo-vegetarians?A) People who dont eat all kinds of meat. C) People who eat beef only.B) People who dislike pork and milk. D) People who eat fish instead of red meat.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Unlike lacto-ovo-vegetarians

28、, vegans avoid consuming_.A) vitamins and calcium C) milk products and eggsB) tofu and grains D) soy milk and fruits（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the American Dietetic Association, what advantages do vegetarians have over non-vegetarians?A) Lower pressure and cholesterol. C) Less demand of calci

29、um.B) Higher level of vitamin absorption. D) Healthier state of mind.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Meat-eaters have been influenced by vegetarians in supporting that _.A) chickens have the right to live freely C) traditional factory farming should spreadB) animals should be raised humanely D) ethical concern

30、s should be neglected（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).In philosopher Pythagoras opinion, human beings _.A) should forbid animal sacrifice C) should be kind to each otherB) become crueler when killing animals D) have a certain relationship with other animals（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.In India, people from different clas

31、ses think that hurting creatures lives means going against _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.The founding of the Vegetarian Society symbolized the start of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.PETA is extremely strict because it forbids _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.Work is pre

32、ferable.B.He hopes to get a job soon.C.Studying at school is no more interesting than work.D.Studying is more interesting so hell study hard.A.Both editions are the same price now.B.It has two editions with the same cover.C.The paperback edition is on sale.D.The hard-cover edition is more expensive.

33、A.He is ashamed of Prof. Brown.B.He will congratulate Prof. Brown.C.He will tell Prof. Brown the bad news.D.He will help Prof. Brown paint his car.A.In a hotel.B.At a restaurant.C.In a department store.D.At the airport.A.The man should stop playing tennis.B.The man should take up a new hobby.C.The m

34、an should stick to what hes doing.D.The man should find the cause for his failure.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Planning a sightseeing tour.B.Writing to his uncle.C.Arranging his class schedule.D.Looking through a language textbook.A.His uncle.B.His

35、 friend.C.Susan.D.His uncles friend.A.Get the universitys approval in advance.B.Follow Susans advice about traveling abroad.C.Take more French courses to improve his skills.D.Make inquiries about the requirements for teaching chemistry.A.Hes fulfilled his graduation requirements.B.He wants to change

36、 his field of study.C.He needs to get better grades.D.He needs to earn a graduate degree.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To be Confident in stating their views.B.To disregard other peoples views.C.To disregard their own achievements.D.To be selfish an

37、d greedy.A.They can be turned off by body odor.B.They are taller and stronger.C.They are slow in becoming intimate.D.They believe the relationship is not intimate enough.A.They are suspicious of it.B.They are afraid of it.C.They are fine with it.D.They are disrespectful about it.A.He does a lot of e

38、xercise.B.He drinks milk every night.C.He gets the genes of his father.D.He gets enough sleep every day.A.Continue to read.B.Meet the woman at the cafeteria.C.Make some coffee.D.Go out with some friends.A.She thinks a car wouldnt be any faster.B.She thinks they dont have to go to the concert.C.She p

39、roposes to go to the concert by underground.D.She believes that the mans brother should let them use the car.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She enjoyed removing others drinks.B.She became more and more forgetful.C.She

40、 preferred to do everything by herself.D.She wanted to keep her house in good order.A.She had already finished them.B.His mother had taken them away.C.She forgot where she had left them.D.Someone in his family was holding them.A.The speakers mother often made them confused.B.The speakers family memb

41、ers had a poor memory.C.The speakers mother helped them to form a good habit.D.The speakers wife was surprised when she visited his mother.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The atmosphere surrounding the Earth.B.Water from oceans and lakes.C.Energ

42、y from the Sun.D.Greenhouse gases in the sky.A.Most of it is lost in the upper and lower atmosphere.B.Most of it is reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere.C.Most of it is absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere.D.Most of it is used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes.A.A fore

43、st looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy.B.All living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food.C.Only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth.D.Greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earths surface.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are ba

44、sed on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.He wanted to find some money.B.He wanted to find the owners name.C.He wanted to find the owners photograph.D.He was curious about what was inside it.(2).A) He put it back on the ground. C) He threw it into a trashcan.B) He put it into his own pocket

45、. D) He gave it to the police.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.When he was having dinner.B.When he was at the police station.C.When he was taking a bus back home.D.When he was walking down the street.A.The speakers former classmate.B.The speakers colleague.C.The woman in the photograph.D.The young girl in the pho

46、tograph.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Teaching today demands more than just caring about children and knowing ones subject well. Teachers need to find out what (36) the learners, how to find the students strengths and (37) , and how to create environments in which they (38) . This leads us to the need

47、of learning about the theories and methods of teaching.A recent report (39) that universities have too often failed, and continue to fall; their undergraduate students are graduating without some of the basic skills they need to function in the (40) world, such as knowing how to think (41) , write c

48、learly, or speak fluently. The report challenges universities to rethink their (42) instruction models. Everyone involved in the teaching-learning (43) should recognize that they are both discoverers of knowledge and learners.Considering the fast pace of global academic progress, (44) .Teaching prep

49、ares our students to be critical thinkers and reflective learners. It should be stressed at all levels and opportunities should be provided (45) .The next stage in the process is to get together for learning about the importance of professionalism in teaching. With the new governmental setup taking place, democracy beginning to dig roots and participation be