大学四级-54及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-54 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.有人认为应该选择在大公司里的小职位； 2. 有人认为应该选择在小公司里的大职位； 3. 你的观点； _ _ _（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For que

2、stions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage ;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage ;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informati

3、on given in the passage.The Interaction of Body and MindThe concept of psychosomatic illnessPsycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms which are psychological or emotional in origin.Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected

4、 by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms (症状) disappear and are for

5、gotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin.Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosoma

6、tic illness: peptic ulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, a

7、nd that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness.Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep,

8、 which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may rePort this symptom to his doctor, believing that so

9、mething is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason.Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may ha

10、ve diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion.The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are pri

11、marily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptoms too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long-lasing, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his

12、 relationship with others.Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but becau

13、se the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause.The reality of psychosomatic illnessIs the patient with psychoso

14、matic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients i

15、llness is important; it is the first step in helping him.Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this convey

16、s the idea that such patients are mentally ill, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears comments like, “He could snap out (克服) of it if he wanted to. “ Prejudice against these patients may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an atte

17、mpt to get attention or favors.A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory soluti

18、on to the problems of life. Often it adds to the patients difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts to avoid detection. A I malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties. The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer pr

19、etends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick. The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real.Condemnation(责任) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persis

20、t despite intellectual understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that: The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms.

21、 The idea that he can “snap out of it“ at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged.（分数：70.00）(1).Psychosomatic sick people will stop cheating when they sense that those who care for them are belittling them.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2)

22、.The symptoms of people with psychosomatic illness are primarily mental.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Moodiness and depression are symptoms that dont last long.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).People with psychosomatic illness tend to be given less care than they deserve.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Today more and more people are

23、suffering from psychosomatic illness.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The symptoms of some people with psychosomatic illness are experienced in an alternating fashion.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Malingerers are those who pretend to be ill for some other purposes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Such conditions as _ have been conside

24、red classic examples of psychosomatic illness!（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Psychosomatic symptoms may be primarily mental, such as the inability _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The first and the most important step in helping the psychosomatic patients is to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection

25、 A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will b

26、e a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. （分数：35.00）(1). A. Professor and student. B. Boss and secretary. C. Husband and wife. D. Passenger and

27、airhostess.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. By bus. B. By car. C. By train. D. By air.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The man is renting a room. B. The man is a non-smoker. C. The man is going to give a lecture on smoking. D. The man is going to give up smoking.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. The woman visited her relati

28、ves in Hawaii. B. The woman went to Hawaii with her relatives. C. The woman went with her relatives to Hawaii. D. The woman came back to visit her relatives.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. The man is satisfied with the dish he ordered. B. The woman wants to pay the bill. C. The woman is concerned about the

29、 waiter. D. The man has been given the wrong dish.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. He visited his uncle by chance. B. He was slightly injured. C. He lied to the woman. D. He lied to his uncle.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Stars. B. Love. C. Something that started the war. D. A movie.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3

30、). A. October should be colder. B. October should be warmer. C. He doesnt like October. D. He has no idea what October should be like.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the longer conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. A math test. B. Equations. C. Elizabeth. D. watching T

31、V.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Because he didnt do well last time. B. Because hes usually busy. C. Because he doesnt know what he got last time. D. Because he isnt familiar with the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She is sure that Elizabeth is free. B. Elizabeth owes her a big favor. C. She is sure that

32、this call can help Elizabeth review. D. Elizabeth is always ready to help others.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the longer conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. They dont get rid of flabby arms. B. They can damage arm muscles. C. They arent acceptable to most people.

33、D. They can raise ones blood pressure.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. By talking to an expert. B. By reading an article. C. By attending an exercise class. D. By listening to the radio.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Exercising the entire body. B. Having your blood pressure taken daily. C. Losing weight prior to

34、exercising. D. Weighing in before each exercise session.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Wearing arm weights while you are swimming. B. Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time. C. Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs. D. Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and fort

35、h.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fou

36、r choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A.Contacts with headquarters. B. Relaxation and enjoyment. C. Informal talks. D.

37、 Different purposes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Restaurants. B. Fitness center. C. Bars. D. All of the above.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Convenient transport services. B. Competent office secretaries. C. Good sports and restaurants facilities. D. Suitable and comfortable rooms.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two

38、Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. To display the areas technological development. B. To show the nations important historical events. C. To show the areas agricultural and industrial development. D. To display the nations agricultural and industrial d

39、evelopment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The motorways. B. The Roman road. C. The canals. D. The railways.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. They are borrowed from workshops. B. They are specially made for display. C. They reflect the local culture and customs. D. They try to reproduce the scene at that time.（分数：7

40、.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. A conversation on the museum. B. A museum tour guide. C. A museum booklet (小册子). D. A museum advertisement.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Insure all your expensive things. B. Lock doors when going o

41、ut. C. Lock windows at night. D. Take all necessary precautions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Call their friends. B. Stay with their friends. C. Avoid walking in streets. D. Always take a taxi.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. To take a few self-defense classes. B. To stick to well-lit streets at night. C. To avo

42、id waking alone at night. D. To stay with their friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully .for its general idea. When the passage is read for the se

43、cond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you hove just heard or write down the main po

44、ints in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.What we consider to be writing today, that is words made up of letters or U U 1 /U /Uthat make up sentences began to be developed around 3,000 years BC in U U 2 /U /UEgypt, about 2, 0

45、00 years BC in Greece, in U U 3 /U /UEurope, and about 1,500 years BC in China. The system that developed in Greece, however, U U 4 /U /Udeveloped into alphabet form used in most languages, although the ancient form of writing is still used in China today.The Western alphabet was developed by the an

46、cient Greeks nearly 3,000 years ago. The alphabet, as it is called, is U U 5 /U /Uafter the first two Greek letters, Alpha and Beta, and is believed to be highly U U 6 /U /UIn fact, the Greeks are the only U U 7 /U /Uthat has ever invented an U U 8 /U /Ulanguage for writing. And U U 9 /U /U, especially when communicating verbally (口头的) using a telephone. Indeed, U U 10 /U /U. For example, U U 11 /U /U. （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_