大学四级-30及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-30 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.许多经典文学作品被改编成影视作品2. 改编经典文学作品的原因3. 我的观点The Adaptation of the Classics（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer She

2、et I. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10 ,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Recipe for Longevity: No Smoking, and Lots of FriendsA healthy social life may be as good for your long-term health

3、as avoiding cigarettes, according to a massive research review released Tuesday by the journal PLoS Medicine.Researchers at Brigham Young University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill pooled data from 148 studies on health outcomes and social relationships-every research paper on th

4、e topic they could find, involving more than 300,000 men and women across the developed world-and found that those with poor social connections had on average 50/00 higher odds of death in the studys follow-up period (an average of 7.5 years) than people with more robust social ties.That boost in lo

5、ngevity is about as large as the mortality difference observed between smokers and non-smokers,the study authors say. And its larger than the risk of death associated with many other well-known lifestyle factors, including lack of exercise and obesity. “This is not just a few studies here and there,

6、“ says Julianne Holt-Lunstad,lead author on the review and an associate professor of psychology at Brigham Young. “I hoping there will be recognition from the medical community, the public health community and even the general public about the importance of this. “The friend effect did not appear to

7、 vary by sex or by age,with men and women of all ages and health statuses showing roughly equal benefit. Nor were lonely people unusually susceptible to any one disease in particular.But if its true that we get by with a little help from our friends, then how, exactly, do our friends do it? That is,

8、 how does “social integration“-measured by surveys and questionnaires about friends, family size, marital status and number of household residents-influence long life? The short answer is, we dont really know yet. “The truth of the matter is that the critical evidence on psychosocial processes and h

9、ealth have come about only within the last 10 to 15 years-even though theres been a loll of theory on it since the 1970s,“ says psychology professor Bert Uchino at the University of Utah.That may help to explain why doctors, for the most part, have not yet embraced social support as a key to good he

10、alth, on par with smoking habits, diet or exercise. Without a good sense of the physiological mechanisms that may link feelings of loneliness, for instance, to biological markers like blood pressure and resting heart rate,it has been easy to dismiss the power of social connections as nothing more th

11、an an artifact (加工品) of the data or, worse, as touchy-feely pseudoscience (伪科学) .to be sure, the direct physical evidence of the health benefits of social support is much more preliminary than the population-level association reported by Holt-Lunstad. But the evidence is mounting, says Uchino, who h

12、as written widely on the physiological links between social life and health outcomes. (Uchino did not contribute to the new review in PLoS Medicine, but has collaborated with Holt-Lunstad on other projects and was, once upon a time, also her grad school adviser.) We turn to family and friends for ob

13、vious tangible support when were sick-from help preparing meals to keeping track of pills, appointments and insurance forms. And caring about others may also prompt us to take better care of ourselves. “A really good example, of course, is someone who has a child,“ Uchino says. That new bond is ofte

14、n the impetus to quit smoking, to drink less or to curb any number of risky pastimes.But the influence of social ties may be even more powerful than that. Social relationships, it seems, may also help our bodies help themselves.Recent lab studies have shown that, in a stressful situation, blood pres

15、sure and heart rate will increase less when people are accompanied by a person who is close to them. Brain imaging also shows neurological differences between a person who is alone and a person who has support: In a lab-induced tense situation, brain activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, a regi

16、on activated in times of stress, is attenuated(细长的) When people have a close friend or relative alongside them. And its not just adult stress. In an experiment published this spring, children who were allowed to talk to their mothers after a stressful encounter-giving an impromptu speech or doing ma

17、th problems in public-showed increased levels of oxytocin (催产素) , a neurotransmitter thought to dampen the hormonal stress response, compared with children who did not have contact with their mothers.In one of the most famous experiments on health and social life, Sheldon Cohen at Carnegie Mellon Un

18、iversity exposed hundreds of healthy volunteers to the common cold virus, then quarantined them for several days. Cohen showed that the study participants with more social connections and with more diverse social networks-that is, with friends from a variety of social contexts, such as work, sports

19、teams and church-were less likely to develop a cold than the more socially isolated study participants.The immune systems of people with lots of friends simply worked better, fighting off the cold virus often without symptoms. Studies suggest that the immune response may be affected by stress hormon

20、es so that a strong social life thus affects immune function by helping people keep physiological stress in check.But turning such research into full-fledged medical advice isnt easy. “Its hard to legislate social relationships,“ Holt-Lunstad says. “And we all know that some relationships are better

21、 than others,and not all relationships are entirely positive. “Since Holt-Lunstads new study reviewed the statistical association between mortality risk and relationship quantity, rather than perceived quality, she wonders whether we wouldnt see even stronger benefits if we focused only on the good

22、relationships. Bolstering(支撑) these connections may ultimately help people stay healthier than trying to build connections between complete strangers, as in, say, a cancer support group. (Studies on the physical health benefits of support groups show mixed results.) “We need to pay better attention

23、to naturally occurring relationships,and to fostering those,“ Holt-Lunstad says.（分数：70.00）(1).What does the research review published in the journal PLoS Medicine show? A. Females have higher possibility of the death. B. Men have higher possibility of death. C. People with more connections have high

24、er possibility of death. D. People with poor social ties have higher possibility of death.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is Julianne Holt-Lunstads attitude toward the finding of the research review? A. She thinks the finding based on separate studies is not accurate. B. She thinks the finding is worth re

25、cognition from the public. C. She thinks the finding needs to identify all the factors affecting health. D. She thinks the finding lacks critical evidences.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How do sex and age influence the friend effect? A. Older people receive more benefit from the friend effect. B. Women recei

26、ve more benefit from the friend effect. C. Lonely people receive more benefit from the friend effect. D. People of all ages receive similar benefit from the friend effect.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why havent doctors yet considered social support as a similar key to health as smoking habit or exercise? A.

27、 The crucial evidence of its influence on health has not come about. B. The power of social connections is touchy-feely pseudoscience. C. The doctors think social support links with feeling of loneliness. D. The patients have already known about its influence on health.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According

28、 to the passage,caring about others may help A. establish better family relationship B. keep track of their appointments C. take better care of oneself D. enhance the bond of friendship（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What is usually the drive for people to stop smoking according to Uchino? A. Deteriorating hea

29、lth. B. Have a child. C. Cancer risk. D. Loneliness.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Sheldon Cohen found in the experiments that A. those with more social support are less likely to get a cold B. those with religious beliefs are less likely to catch a cold C. those exposed to cold virus are less likely to catch

30、 a cold D. those exposed to cold virus are more likely to develop a cold（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A strong social life can promote immune function by helping people control _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).It is a hard to turn the finding of Holt-Lunstads research into _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Holt-Lunstad holds that c

31、ompared to building connections between strangers, promoting the good relationships helps people to stay _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conver

32、sation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the

33、 corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1). A. Shes rarely at home. B. She spends a lot of time on the phone. C. Shes been away for several days. D. She makes calls only when necessary.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He will give the woman more time for the

34、paper. B. He will visit the woman in the hospital. C. He will refuse to accept the womans paper. D. He will let the woman change the topic of her paper.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It wasnt open on Mondays. B. Its opening had been extended. C. It was going to close before Monday. D. lt didnt deserve the

35、 praise received.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Calculate the number of calories in the cake. B. Celebrate his birthday some other time. C. Save a piece of cake for later. D. Have some cake with the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She has several pages more to copy. B. She likes the way the copies look. C.

36、She doesnt know how to operate the machine.D. Shell be finished soon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. She didnt notice Kevins new haircut. B. Kevin often gets strange haircuts. C. The man should get a haircut like Kevins. D. Kevins haircut looks good on him.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Her hometown do

37、ctor works at the student health center. B. She cannot help the man choose a doctor. C. She didnt know she needed a physical exam to play basketball. D. The man should visit a doctor in her hometown.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Ask if he can drive the ear. B. Repair the seats. C. Offer to buy the car. D

38、. Look for a better deal.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. They were sent to a traditional hoarding school. B. They were required to use phones in class. C. They were sent abroad to experience different education. D. They were se

39、nt to a summer camp for exercise.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The students were required to watch TV in class. B. The teacher did the whole talking in class. C. The teacher required the students to speak in class. D. The students were asked to take no bath.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The students didnt abs

40、orb enough nutrients. B. The students were asked to speak in the exam. C. The teacher did teach the tested knowledge. D. The exam was quite different from that of today.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. They were bored. B. They thought it strange. C. They were positive. D. They found it tiresome.（分数：7.00）A.B

41、.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Human resources. B. Finance. C. Management. D. Marketing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Communicating. B. Persuading others. C. Giving advice. D. Organizing people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Close friends. B. Office

42、 worker. C. College counselor. D. Educational expert.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage ,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a que

43、stion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1). A. The founders coined the na

44、me out of their imagination. B. The founders named it after a character in a novel. C. The founders got the name from a kind of coffee beans. D. The founders named it after their friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Modeling stores. B. Selling tea and spice. C. Selling kitchen equipments. D. Grinding co

45、ffee beans.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He added comfortableness into the store. B. He introduced more flavors of coffee to the store. C. He arranged colorful lights in the store. D. He put a beautiful counter in the store.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Employee welfare and fair trade. B. High price and beaut

46、iful surroundings. C. Low price and more flavors. D. Convenience and commerce.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. One about Normandy Invasion. B. One about a building falling to the ground. C. One about a soldier falling to

47、death. D. One about a child with no legs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He was awarded a medal after death. B. He was captured by a soldier. C. He was killed in a gunfight. D. He was killed by a mine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He could do nothing but record the suffering of others. B. His pictures frightene

48、d children all over the world. C. His pictures were helping advertise killing and war. D. He was not close enough to take good pictures.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. There is a growing complaints about the services. B. The care wants to change all the computers. C. The care is thinking about opening another store. D. There is a decline in the number of customers.（分数：7.00）A