大学四级-21及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-21 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.有些大学生通过贿赂谋取学生会等社团的领导职位 2. 这种行为存在许多弊端 3. 如何正确对待大学生社团竞选 BCollege Students Using Bribes to Become Student Leaders/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BA Crisis of Confidence for Masters of the Universe/BMeltdown. Collapse.

2、Depression. Panic, The words would seem to apply equally to the global financial crisis and the effect of that crisis on the human psyche (精神). Of course, it is too soon to judge the tree psychiatric(精神上的) consequences of the economic breakdown; it will be some time before epidemiologists(流行病专家) can

3、 tell us for certain whether depression and suicide are on the rise. But theres no question that the crisis is leaving its mark on individuals, especially men.One patient, a fund analyst, came to me recently in a state of great anxiety. “Its bad, but it might get a lot worse,“ I recall him saying. T

4、he anxiety was expected and appropriate: he had lost a great deal of his (and others) assets, and like the rest of us he had no idea where the bottom was. I would have been worried if he hadnt been anxious. Over the course of several weeks, with the help of some anti-anxiety medication, his panic su

5、bsided as he realized that he would most likely survive economically.But then something else emerged. He came in one (lay looking subdued and plopped(扑通一声落下 ) down in the chair. “Im over the anxiety, but now I feel that Im a loser,“ He was not clinically depressed: his sleep, appetite and ability to

6、 enjoy himself outside of work were unchanged. This was different.The problem was that his sense of success and accomplishment was intimately tied to his financial status; he did not know how to feel competent or good about himself without this external measure of his value.He wasnt the only one. Ov

7、er the last few months, I have seen a group of patients, all men, who experienced a near collapse in their self-esteem, though none of them were clinically depressed. Another patient summed it. up: “I used to be a master-of-the-universe kind of guy, but this cut me down to size.“I have plenty of fem

8、ale patients who work in finance at high levels, but none of them has had this kind of psychological reaction. I cant pretend this is a scientific survey, but I wonder if men are more likely than women 1o respond lifts way, At the risk of trading in gender stereotypes, do men rely disproportionately

9、 more on their work for their self-esteem than women do? Or are they just more vulnerable to the inevitable narcissistic injury that comes with performing poorly or losing ones job?A different patient was puzzled not by his anxiety about the market, but by his total lack of self-confidence. He had a

10、lways had an easy intuitive feel for finance. But in the wake of the market collapse, he seriously questioned his knowledge and skill.Each of these patients experienced a sudden loss of the sense of mastery in the face of the financial meltdown and could not judge their success or failure without th

11、e only standard they knew -a financial profit.The challenge of maintaining ones self-esteem without recognition or reward is daunting. Chances are that if you are impervious to self-doubt and go on feeling good about yourself in the face of failure, you have either won the temperamental sweepstakes

12、or you have a real problem tolerating bad news.Of course, the relationship between self-esteem and achievement can be circular. Some argue that the best way to build self-esteem is to tell people at every turn how nice, smart and talented they are. That is probably a bad idea if you think that self-

13、esteem and recognition should be the result of accomplishment; you feel good about yourself, in part, because you have done something well. On the other hand, it is hard to imagine people taking the first step without first having some basic notion of self-confidence.On Wall Street, though, a rising

14、 tide lifts many boats and vice versa, which means that there are many people who succeed-or fail-through no merit or fault of their own. This observation might ease a sense of personal responsibility for the economic crisis, but it was of little comfort to my patients. I think this is because for m

15、any of them, the previously expanding market gave them a sense of power along with something as strong as a drug-thrill.The human brain is acutely attuned(使相合) to rewards like money, sex and drugs. It turns out that the way a reward is delivered has an enormous impact on its strength. Unpredictable

16、rewards produce much larger signals in the brains reward circuit than anticipated ones. Your reaction to situations that are either better or worse than expected is generally stronger to those you can predict.In a sense, the stock market is like a vast gambling casino where the reward can be spectac

17、ular, but always unpredictable. For many, the lure of investing is the thrill of uncertain reward. Now that thrill is gone, replaced by anxiety and fear.My patients lost more than money in the market. Beyond the rush and excitement, they lost their sense of competence and success. At least temporari

18、ly, I have no doubt that, like the economy, they will recover. But its a reminder of just how fragile our self-confidence can be.（分数：70.00）(1).From the first paragraph we know that the global financial crisis_.（分数：7.00）A.leads to the true psychiatric consequencesB.leads to the rising of depression a

19、nd suicideC.has a great influence on humansD.has double effects on individuals(2).How did the author expect the fund analyst to feel?（分数：7.00）A.Anxious.B.Worried.C.Relaxed.D.Grateful.(3).A group of patients experienced a near collapse in their self-esteem because_.（分数：7.00）A.they were master-of-the-

20、universe guysB.they were not successful and accomplished without financial statusC.they didnt have clinical depressionD.they didnt feel confident about themselves without financial status(4).One of the authors patients was greatly uncertain about_.（分数：7.00）A.his anxiety about the marketB.his easy in

21、tuitive feel for financeC.his lack of self-confidenceD.his knowledge and skill(5).Those patients in the face of the financial meltdown measured their success or failure by_.（分数：7.00）A.a sense of masteryB.a financial meltdownC.a financial profitD.a sense of success(6).The authors opinion about self-e

22、steem is that_.（分数：7.00）A.self-esteem and accomplishment can be circularB.self-esteem and recognition should result from accomplishmentC.to build self-esteem is to tell people at every turn they are nice, smart and talentedD.you feel good about yourself after doing something well(7).The success of m

23、any people on Wail Street depends on_.（分数：7.00）A.great knowledgeB.self-confidenceC.luckD.economic times(8).The authors patients were not comfortable because the previously expanding market gave them_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).In the brains reward circuit, anticipated rewards produce much smaller signals t

24、han_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).To some degree, in stock market the reward can be_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.To buy the apartment.B.To go shopping.C.To pay the bill.D.To rent the apartment.A.Waiting to

25、buy the tickets.B.Calling a friend.C.Looking for something.D.Attending a party.A.Hard to say.B.Far more interesting.C.Exhausting and homesick.D.Worthy of visiting again.A.The woman forgot to invite Linda.B.The woman has made a perfect preparation.C.Linda may help her in preparing the menu.D.The woma

26、n has invited many friends.A.The man wanted to get the job quickly.B.The man had a slim chance to get this job.C.The man had no idea about the interview.D.The man was waiting for the news.A.At the airport.B.At the scenery spot.C.In a restaurant.D.In a store.A.To dial the right telephone numbers.B.To

27、 have the telephone repaired.C.To open the telephone service of the room.D.To remit the money to the bank.A.He failed to win the reward.B.The reward is not much.C.He has won the competition.D.He has spent up the reward.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.

28、He will go to California for a travel.B.He will invite his friend for a dinner.C.He will go to a party.D.He will sing songs with friends for fun.A.She is not good at singing.B.She is afraid of meeting strange people.C.She can not drink too much.D.She doesnt like singing songs.A.He will practice the

29、songs beforehand.B.He will drink some beers before singing.C.He will give the microphone to the other friends.D.He is an outgoing person.A.Drink more beer.B.Sing the songs for the first time.C.Practice singing some songs in advance.D.Get rid of the shyness.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conver

30、sation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.New York.B.Chicago.C.Denver.D.Colorado.A.There are more to be expected.B.He has been changing their residency.C.He is very satisfied with the life there.D.The life in Chicago is much better.A.Couples.B.Neighbors.C.Colleagues.D.Friends四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：7

31、0.00)BQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Compare the mental health of college students to that of non-students of the same age.B.Make a questionnaire among the college students.C.Do physical experiments on the mental health of the students.D.Pick out the sa

32、mple and make the investigation.A.Drug-use disorder.B.Nicotine dependence.C.Using tobacco.D.Alcohol disorder.A.Because they are lack of education.B.Because their parents are not strict with them.C.Because they meet the pressures of entering adulthood.D.Because they are encouraged to abuse the alcoho

33、l.A.The mental disorder is very serious.B.Many people are not as serious as theyve been told.C.The symptoms are easy to be defined.D.More and more people are caught by the psychological disorder.BQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It has invented a new medi

34、cine.B.It has provided a new guideline of prevention.C.It has arranged the treatment for the women.D.It distributed the medicines among women.A.They may have a talk with the doctor.B.They may check the symptoms against the guideline.C.They may have a physical examination in the hospital.D.They may a

35、nswer the questions in the Web site of the association.A.They urge the women to use hormone treatment.B.The women of high risk should follow the guidelines.C.They should take some medicine.D.They urge those women to know their risk of heart attack.BQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you hav

36、e just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Before 19th centuryB.During World War TwoC.In 1978.D.In 1953.A.They are made by each country.B.They are made according to the level of hurricane.C.They are made after the happening of hurricane.D.They are made years in advance.A.Because that may make people feel sorry.B.Be

37、cause the beginning letter of the names are different.C.Because it can avoid legal problems or confusion.D.Because the storms will have different effects on people.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)It should be kept in mind that crying is the natural province of the infant. Babies come into this world a

38、nd most immediately begin crying, and they will use this communicationU (36) /Uof pre-language development to communicate all theirU (37) /U. But, studies also show that boys cries may be ignored forU (38) /Ulonger, and especially in certain cultures, girls cries areU (39) /Uto immediately. From bir

39、th we may be taught there are immediateU (40) /Ufor crying, or that it is of little purpose, depending on ourU (41) /U. Whether or not people cry as adults may have much to do with the way their society treats tears. In many societies, tears in men are onlyU (42) /Uat a few occasions, perhaps a fune

40、ral. This isU (43) /Uindeed; especially when boy children are told not to cry regularly,U (44) /U. Instead, anger becomes the preferred emotion because it is more “male“, and men may need to work very long and hard to access the grief behind anger.U (45) /U. When people cry, especially women, they m

41、ay be viewed as “emotional“ as though this is a negative characteristic. On the other hand, most experts will point out thatU (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)A friend of mine once asked me a q

42、uestion: “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?“ Her question was a good one. ItU (47) /Ume of something I was taught as a youngster-life isnt fair. Its a disappointment, but itsU (48) /Utrue. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves

43、, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will he. Its not and it wont.One of the nice things aboutU (49) /Uto the fact that life isnt fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves byU (50) /Uus to do the very best we can with what we have. We know its not “l

44、ifes job“ to make everything perfect; its our ownU (51) /U. The fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because everyone hasU (52) /Ustrengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions, and everyone has those tunes that they feel they areU (53) /Uof

45、life or unfairly treated.The fact that life isnt fair doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything in our power toU (54) /Uour own lives or the world as a whole. On the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we do recognize that life isnt fair, however, we feelU (55) /Ufor others and for ourselves. And

46、 it is a heartfeltU (56) /Uthat delivers loving kindness to everyone it touches.A) absolutely F) implementing K) remindedB) superficial G) victims L) encouragingC) surrendering H) channel M) uniqueD) consequently I) sympathy N) improveE) challenge J) emotion O) relieved（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_

47、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)Passage OneIf you dream in color, youre not alone: the majority of people today claim to have. colorful dreams. But it wasnt always thus. Research conducted in the early part of the last century consistently found that people reported dreaming most often i