大学六级-584及答案解析.doc
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1、大学六级-584 及答案解析(总分:667.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.1现在社会上很多人提议高考取消英语2也有人反对高考取消英语的意见,其理由是3我的看法(分数:106.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)Returning to ScienceTeresa Garrett was working part-time as a biochemistry postdoc (博士后). She had an infant at home, and she was miserable. S
2、he and her husband were considering having a second child. She didnt like leaving her daughter with a daycare provider, and she wondered if her slim income justified the expense of child-care. She decided to stay home full time.It was a lonely but practical decision, she says. She hadnt ruled out th
3、e possibility but she did not expect to return to science: After all, the conventional wisdom would equate several years of parenting leave with the end of a research career. Garrett eventually had two daughters and spent their early years at home.The challenge of managing a science career and perso
4、nal and family obligations is not a new issue, particularly for women. In a career where productivity and publications define your value, can you take a couple of years off and then make a successful return? When you do, will employers trust your devotion to your job?For Garrett, the answer to both
5、questions was “Yes“. First, she found a short-term teaching tutor at Duke University, the institution where she had done her Ph. D. And then Christian Raetz, who had been her Ph. D. adviser, offered her a postdoc. The timing was perfect: She was ready to start a more regular work schedule, and her h
6、usband was interested in starting a business. Today, she is a chemistry professor at Vassar College. Garrett credits Raetz both for his faith in her abilities and his willingness to judge her contributions on quality and productivity and not the number of hours she spent in the laboratory. “People a
7、re always shocked to know that you can take time off and come back,“ she says.Returning to research after an extended personal leave is possible, but it may not be straightforward. Progress can be slow and there may be some fallout from a break. The path back doesnt come with a road map or a timelin
8、e. Your reentry will have a different rhythm than your initial approach because this time you have to balance your career with the needs of a family. The uncertainty can make you feel isolated and alone. But if you are persistent and take advantage of the resources that are available, you can get it
9、 done. Stepping SidewaysAfter time away from the work force, its particularly easy to underestimate your value as a scientist and-hence-to take one or more backward steps. Dont, says Ruth Ross, who nearly made that mistake after spending 4 years at home with her children. A Ph. D. pharmacologist wit
10、h industry experience, she applied for a technician job at the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom as she planned her return to science. She would have taken the job if it had been offered, she says, but “that probably would have been a bad career move“. As it turned out, the university dec
11、ided she was over-qualified.Instead of taking a step back, take a step sideways: If you left a postdoc, return to a postdoc, perhaps with a special career reentry fellowship. A faculty member at Aberdeen encouraged Ross to apply for a newly established career reentry fellowship from the Well come Tr
12、ust. Funding from that organization supported her postdoctoral research until the university hired her into a faculty position in 2002.After 2 years at home with her son and twin daughters followed by 3 years searching for project management jobs in the biotech industry, biochemist Pla Abola got win
13、d of an opening at the Molecular Sciences Institute (MSI). An MSI staff scientist needed skills like hers but lacked money, so the two applied jointly for an NIH career reentry supplement. Shes now a protein biochemist and grant writer at Prosetta Bioconformatics.Independence and FlexibilityInstead
14、of stepping backward or sideways, physicist Shireen Adenwalla took a step forward. Instead of taking another postdoc, she set up an independent research program on soft money. Early in her career, Adenwalla took 15 months off, caring for her first child and then looking for another postdoc. When she
15、 and her physicist husband decided to move to the University of Nebraska, Lincoln-he had accepted a tenure track position Adenwalla turned down postdoc opportunities. Instead she arranged a visiting faculty position, followed by a post as a research assistant professor.“I think that was a very smart
16、 thing,“ she says today. “Establishing an independent research program is very important.“ Her starting salary was just $15 000, and she got just $ 5 000 in start-up assistance. She borrowed equipment, taught courses, took on graduate students, and published her research. She had a lab and an office
17、, but both got moved around-her lab three times, her office twice.Adenwalla missed having real start-up money, her own equipment, and the institutional investment that comes with a tenure-track position. On the other hand, she was her own boss, so she was able to take 6 months off when she had her s
18、econd child and work part time for a while after her third child was born. Eventually she was hired to a tenure-track post.Flexible or part-time hours can smooth the transition back into tile scientific work force. Some reentry fellowships specify a part-time option and most are accommodating, but e
19、ven if you dont have a fellowship you can ask for a work schedule that meets your needs. Ross, for example, took advantage of the part-time provision of the Well come Trust Fellowship. When Garrett took the position on the Lipid Maps grant, she negotiated a 30-hour-a-week schedule.Patience: an Essen
20、tial VirtueTwo months before physicist Marija Nikolic-Jarics scheduled dissertation defense at Simon Fraser University, her husband was diagnosed with an aggressive brain tumor. Over the next 17 months, she focused on her husband and his cancer treatments. After his death, she moved with her little
21、son to Winnipeg to be near family.She tried to jump-start her thesis project several times, the first in 1998, but she wasnt ready yet and became discouraged. Eventually, she found the motivation to return. She started from the beginning, with a new approach. She finished her Ph. D. in 2008. Now a p
22、ostdoc at the University of Manitoba, she has moved into a new research area-biomicrofluidics. This year, her work is supported by an M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship, a career reentry grant from the American Physical Society.Elizabeth Freeland, too, continues to work toward a permanent research posit
23、ion a decade after her return. When she followed her future husband to his postdoc at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, and subsequently to Chicago, Illinois, she wasnt able to find a compatible research opportunity. Since then, she has cared for the couples two young children, taug
24、ht part time, and found a few short-term research opportunities, some paid, others not.Like Nikolic-Jaric, Freeland is a physicist, and like that other physicists she switched fields. Freeland moved from condensed matter theory to high-energy physics. She scraped together two one-year postdoctoral g
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