大学六级-1576及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-1576 及答案解析(总分：773.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现在很多大学都开设礼仪课程2开设礼仪课程有很多好处3我的观点 On the Importance of Opening Etiquette Courses（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Evolutionary Future of BiodiversityNow we are altering the planet more rapidly and profoundly than ev

2、er, and much of the diversity produced by half a billion years of evolution could be lost in the next few centuries. We are triggering a mass extinction that could be as severe as the one that ended the reign of the dinosaurs.Given enough time, biodiversity will recover. Extinctions create new evolu

3、tionary opportunities for the survivors: the blossoming of mammals after the dinosaurs died out ultimately led to our evolution, after all. But the aftermath of this Anthropocene ( 地质史上的新时期，称为“人类世”) extinction will not be like any other. Humans have become the main driving force in evolution-and lif

4、e will never be the same again.The list of threats we pose to biodiversity is long. We are killing many creatures directly, destroying habitats, introducing exotic predators and diseases, and pumping out pollution. Already, a tenth of birds, a fifth of mammals and a third of amphibians(两栖动物)are rega

5、rded as threatened.Rapid climate change will make matters even worse. Warming threatens a lot of species that might otherwise be able to cope with the changes inflicted by humans, says Chris Thomas at the University of York in the UK. To work out how many species are at risk, Thomas and colleagues l

6、ooked at the climatic conditions required by 1000 representative species and used them to work out how much habitable area would remain for each if the world warmed by between 1.5 and 2.5. Based on these figures, the team estimated that between 15 and 37 per cent of species will be “committed to ext

7、inction“ by 2050.“There are very large uncertainties,“ Thomas admits. “But it is equally likely for things to be worse than we are suggesting.“ Indeed, without drastic action the world will warm by far more than 2. “We will be subjecting our creatures to environmental conditions not seen for more th

8、an 10 million years,“ Thomas says.Loss of diversity is not just the result of these challenges, it is also part of the problem. Decreasing population levels have already greatly reduced the genetic diversity within many species, decreasing their chances of adapting to changing environments by depriv

9、ing them of the raw material needed for evolution. As well as this, extinctions can lead to further extinctions, because so many species depend on others. And as ecosystems become less diverse, they generally become less flexible to change. “The worse it gets, the worse it gets,“ says Jablonski.The

10、collapse of ecosystems will have huge economic consequences. From flooding to dust storms, the effects of environmental degradation are already hitting us hard. The loss of more coral reefs, for instance, would be a disaster for many fisheries and tourist resorts, and their death and erosion will le

11、ave formerly protected coastlines vulnerable to the ocean.Some believe there is still time to avoid the worst. “The level of extinction can be considerably modified,“ says David Western of the African Conservation Centre in Nairobi, Kenya. For example, we must restore animals freedom to move, as the

12、 current strategy of trying to protect areas of high biodiversity will not work if species are trapped in increasingly unsuitable climate zones. Transporting species to areas that have a more suitable climate is also an option, although this would be expensive so could only be used for a few species

13、.Other researchers are more pessimistic. “We can turn the ship a little,“ says Jablonski. The main problem he sees is a lack of political will.No one can predict exactly what the Earth of our descendants will look like. However, there are some clues in whats happening right now. Our influence is so

14、profound that we are altering the evolutionary pressures that shape life. There have already been very large and quick behavioral changes as landscapes become “humanscapes“, says Western. Foxes and coyotes (郊狼) are adapting to life in cities, and elephants have started moving out of parks at night t

15、o feed at the fringes of settlements before returning in the morning to avoid us. Human pressures are also producing genetic changes in wildlife. As a result of hunting for ivory, for instance, tuskless elephants are evolving. “There will be a new round of evolution,“ says Western. “We are already s

16、eeing that.“Almost all biologists believe that the age of giant animals is over. Large, slow-to-reproduce animals are the most likely to become extinct and, at least on land, those that do survive will not have the vast expanses of habitat needed for further evolution. The greater pressures on large

17、 animals will downsize entire communities, says Western. For example, small antelope (羚羊)are likely to become more common than larger vegetarians on the African grassland, which would lead to lions becoming smaller too. Lions may also become more tame as we kill off the aggressive individuals that i

18、ntrude upon human settlements. “There will be a transformation of large animals to ones that are compatible with the humanscape,“ Western says.The species most likely to thrive will be small ones that are easily spread around by humans and good at colonizing new territory. “Its not good to be big or

19、 rare,“ says Jablonski. “You want to be a rat, or a weed, or a cockroach(蟑螂).“ In theory, as humans fragment habitats, evolution may throw up new species, especially small mammals and insects-but these might not be very flexible. They may limp along and easily go extinct, Jablonski says. So the ecos

20、ystems of the future are likely to be far poorer affairs, with fewer species, fewer links between species and a shortage of large animals.After previous mass extinctions, the recovery of biodiversity took millions of years. For starters, we are preserving samples of endangered species so that they c

21、an be revived if necessary. There are over 1400 plant “gene banks“ worldwide storing millions of seeds, mostly from food plants but also some wild species. Animals are also being stored as frozen tissue samples.Even assuming that civilization survives and that gene banks get the funding they need to

22、 store many more samples, to look after them for the next few centuries and to revive species as suitable habitat becomes available, only a tiny fraction of the worlds species could be saved this way. Nevertheless, that fraction could include not only many charming large animals, but also keystone s

23、pecies that play a vital role in maintaining ecosystems, such as corals.The second thing people could do to aid the recovery of biodiversity would be to manage habitats in a way that allows evolution to continue. This is now being tried in the Cape region of South Africa, home to some of the most di

24、verse flora in the world. “Species come and species go,“ says Richard Cowling of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth. “Youve got to preserve the processes.,“Finally, we might generate diversity in an even more direct way. We have already created millions of new varieties of pl

25、ants and animals through selective breeding, and many of these creatures have established wild populations. In the vacuum left by a mass extinction, many more domesticated species may turn wild-and genetically modified domesticates could have a particularly dramatic impact.（分数：70.00）(1).In terms of

26、the consequence of this Anthropocene extinction, what plays the most important role in promoting evolution?A. Nature. B. Humans. C. Mammals. D. Dinosaurs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why did Thomas and his colleagues observe the climatic conditions needed by 1000 representative species?A. To obtain world-wi

27、de climate information. B. To cope with the rapid climate change. C. To know how many species will extinct. D. To arouse peoples attention to animals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By giving the example of coral reefs, the author aims to show that _.A. coral reefs are precious natural resourcesB. coral reefs

28、are closely related to the oceanC. the destruction of ecosystems is a fatal blow to human beingsD. the destruction of ecosystems will lead to huge economic loss（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is one of the options to avoid the extinction of some species in spite of its high cost?A. To set domestic animals

29、 free to move. B. To lay down some protective policies.C. To move species to suitable climate zones. D. To protect the surrounding environment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, human pressures have resulted in_.A. the variation of genes in wild animals B. the extinction of all large anim

30、alsC. the migration of some wild animals D. the changes of genes in wide animals（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What will be the future of giant animals if they luckily survive?A. There will not be sufficient living space for their evolution.B. Theyre likely to become the overload of the whole world.C. There w

31、ill be no more sufficient habitat for small animals.D. Theyre likely to put pressures on the entire communities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to Jablonski, what will be the consequence in theory if humans destroy the habitats of animals?A. Animals will go extinct. B. Ecosystems will collapse.C. Evo

32、lution will terminate. D. New species will emerge.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).In order to bring the species back to life if necessary, samples of endangered species_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The author suggests that people can manage habitats in a way that makes evolution continue if they want to offer help to_

33、.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).From the passage we know that millions of new species have already been created by the way of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Cancel the orders.B. Contact their customers.C. Delay the orders.D. Keep the problem a secret.（分数

34、：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A.She plans to miss soccer practice. B. Shell arrive at the party after soccer practice.C. Soccer practice will end later than usual.D. Shell go to soccer practice after the party.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A.Why she should tell her students about her plans.B. What he plans to do when sh

35、es on the long leave.C. Why she cant take a long leave next semester.D. Why her students werent surprised by her announcement.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Corporate tax laws are too complicated.B. Ihey dont have any other sources of information.C. Accounting requested new tax laws.D. The tax laws have be

36、en revised.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The jobs have already been filled.B. The man should hand in his application very soon.C. The man can start work today.D. The man isnt qualified for any of the jobs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Watch a TV program related to his project.B. Think about taking a less advanc

37、ed sociology class.C. Finish his project as soon as possible.D. Reconsider his decision to interview so many people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He doesnt know many composers of classical music.B. The woman might spend a lot of money on classical music.C. He has known the womans neighbor for many years.D

38、. The woman should try not to get sick.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She originally proposed it.B. She doesnt think its a good idea. C.Shes quite sure it will take place.D. Its success depends on the weather.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He was out of work and has to maintain the family.B. He wanted to earn mor

39、e money with part-time job.C. He wanted to help his disabled son live comfortably.D. He wanted to participate in the “Do It Yourself“ contest.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He is going to open a new company in the garage.B. He is going to sell his car and never uses it again.C. He wants his son to earn mon

40、ey by fixing appliances in it.D. He wants to make his son as independent as possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Buy a new house to live with his family.B. Donate to those people with disabilities.C. Travel around the world with his family.D. Do some conversions for those disabled.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A

41、. They are mainly about romance and relationships.B. They usually only focus on people and actions.C. They only have female characters in the films.D. They completely attract no men audiences at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They perform the roles of women. B. They are lead actors in many womens films

42、.C. They like to make womens films for women.D. They are never lead actors in mens films.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A.It mainly focuses on man and action.B. It mainly focuses on military and war.C. It concentrates on characters and relationship.D. It concentrates on different cultures in countries.（分数：7.0

43、0）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Mens films are more attractive than womens films.B. Mens films provide more informative messages.C. Womens films usually focus on action and violence.D. Womens films are not sufficient enough for women.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)(1).A. People stay at home due to the

44、 torturing hot.B. Many people leave Madrid for their vacation.C. Fewer people make complaints in hot days.D. Most people send their vehicles for maintenance.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Most of the vehicles dont have any silencers.B. The old town attracts more travellers to go there.C. People like to tur

45、n the stereo up to maximum volume.D. The traffic policemen increase whistles to control chaos.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Mediterranean people were born with loud voice to speak shrilly.B. Mediterranean people have very unique vocal organs to produce noises.C. Mediterranean people like to make noises to

46、 enjoy themselves.D. Mediterranean people like to draw others attention by making loud noises.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Fix a system to detect noise levels.B. Impose restrictions on the use of vehicles.C. Forbid people to make a racket in public.D. Carry out new traffic regulations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1

47、).A. She was good at answering questions.B. She had anticipated it and gotten ready.C. She had arranged people to ask questions.D. She had her colleagues as backups.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The budget has been authorized at a meeting.B. The budget would be under the monitor of the government.C. There

48、 were experts that conducted the use of spending.D. Every citizen held right to supervise the use of spending.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The planning committee has held an all-sided consideration.B. People were all concerned with the plan.C. Delia was a terrific public speaker.D. The planning committee

49、 gain support from all citizens.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Miserable childhood experience.B. Abundant experience in travel business.C. Perfect education from university.D. Big fortune offered by his wife.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The offer of huge discounts.B. The good relationship with hotels.C. The first-rate adequate service.D. The instant communication.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. People like to