大学六级-1380及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-1380 及答案解析(总分：632.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前在中国，校园安全事故时有发生2这种现象造成了恶劣的影响3应该如何杜绝这种现象（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Instant Expert: Mental HealthWhen the heart breaks down, it beats irregularly or not at all. A bone can chip or snap. But when the complex net

2、work of neurons in our brain fails to function normally, the result can be a near-endless variety and combinations of mental illnesses.Its normal to sometimes be sad, happy, anxious, confused, forgetful or fearful, but when a persons emotions, thoughts or behavior frequently trouble them, or disrupt

3、 their lives, they may be suffering from mental illness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental, neurological or behavioral problems at any time.However, determining that someone has a mental illness, and which one, is one of the c

4、hallenges psychiatrists face. One effort to catalogue these afflictions is the “psychiatrists bible“, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-the latest edition fills nearly one thousand pages and lists over 400 disorders.Diversity of disordersAmong the best known and most common m

5、ental illnesses is depression-a prolonged, weakening sad- ness, sometimes accompanied by a feeling of hopelessness and thoughts of suicide. Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that affects some people in the autumn and winter and is triggered by the disappearing hours of daylight and

6、 colder temperatures. In bipolar disorder (双极性障碍), a person changes from depression to episodes of excessive enthusiasm where they are unrealistically confident in their abilities.Personality disorders are behavior patterns that are destructive to the person themselves or those around them. In disso

7、ciative disorders, someone experiences a sudden change in consciousness or their concept of self. In dissociative amnesia, for example, the result is a loss of part or all of their memories. Samson, the Biblical strongman, may have suffered from the earliest recorded case of antisocial personality d

8、isorder.Anxiety disorders are characterized by powerful feelings of stress and physical signs of fear-sweating, a racing heart-due to some cue in the environment, or for no obvious reason at all. These include post-traumatic (创伤后的) stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, ange

9、r disorders, hypochondria, social phobia, and other phobias including agoraphobia (open spaces), claustrophobia (small spaces), acrophobia (heights), and arachnophobia (spiders).Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is among the most common mental illnesses diagnosed in children, affecting their

10、ability to focus and associated with high levels of activity and impulsiveness.Eating disorders involve an unhealthy relationship to food. A sufferer of anorexia nervosa (神经性厌食症) will strive for thinness to the point of starvation, due to a distorted perception of their bodies and dissatisfaction in

11、 their sense of control. They engage in cycles of gorging(feed greedily) themselves and then purging through vomiting or the use of some drugs. Muscle dysmorphia is sometimes thought of as a “reverse“ form of anorexia that affects bodybuilders. Sufferers constantly worry that they are too weak despi

12、te being extremely strong.Enormous costMental illnesses are quite common. As many as one in five people are thought to suffer from mental illness, at least temporarily, each year. Suicide-often the result of untreated mental illness-claims 873000 lives around the world each year. The economic costs

13、of these conditions are also enormous and growing. According to the WHO, depression is expected to account for more lost years of healthy life than any other disease by 2030, except for HIV/AIDS.Even so, the mentally ill face disgrace and discrimination. Studies find people are reluctant to admit th

14、ey have at mental illness, to seek help, or to stick with treatment. Others are eager to reject the label of a mental illness. For example, some people with autism characterized by difficulty communicating or socializing insist the condition is not a disorder that needs to be cured, but just part of

15、 normal human “neurodiversity“.Underlying causesHistorically, some symptoms of mental illness, such as irregular behaviour and hearing voices, have been taken as evidence of heavenly communication or possession of magical power. More recently, brain scans have directly linked these conditions with c

16、hanges in levels of neurotransmitters chemicals that convey messages across neurons-or alterations in the number or structure of neurons in different brain areas. For instance, people suffering from depression often display lowered levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin.In a few cases, the immedia

17、te cause of the malfunction has been identified. Alzheimers disease, a major source of dementia and memory loss ill the elderly, is caused by the accumulation of protein plaques which choke neurons in the brain.Some infectious diseases can also develop into a mental illness. Untreated HIV infection

18、can cause dementia, as can the uncontrolled replication of the microbe that causes syphilis. Borrelia burgdorferi-the Lyme disease bacterium, responsible for malaria (fever transmitted by mosquitoes), are also thought capable of triggering a variety of mental illnesses.In many cases the precise caus

19、e is unclear and experts suspect that many different factors are involved. One striking example is schizophrenia (精神分裂症), distinguished by psychosis. This is a distorted view of reality, which may include hallucinations (illusion of seeing or hearing something not actually present), hearing voices,

20、delusions, and paranoia. The chance that identical twins both develop schizophrenia is much higher than that for fraternal twins or siblings, arguing for the strong role of inherited genes. But scientists are accumulating a growing list of other risk factors that predispose people to this condition,

21、 including exposure to famine conditions before birth, certain infections or exposure to lead. The season of their birth also seems important-birth in winter or early spring increases the risk, as does an older father and, controversially, child abuse.Genes are also thought to influence many other m

22、ental health problems, including: anorexia, autism, Alzheimers disease and bipolar disorder. Besides, the womb environment, exposure to X-rays, being held in detention centres and having an overactive immune system are also some influencing factors.Some researchers believe that smoking cigarettes an

23、d taking recreational drugs like LSD, ecstasy and cannabis, may elevate a users risk of mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, although it can be difficult to assess whether drug use is a cause or effect. And careful use of LSD and ecstasy might even help treat psychiatric problems.Psychiatric t

24、reatmentsPsychiatric treatment for mental illness can take many forms. In psychotherapy, the patient is encouraged to recognize their problems, understand what may trigger undesirable behavior, and develop coping strategies.Many medications are also available to treat some of the most severe symptom

25、s. Recently, however, some experts think there has been a rush to medicate every disorder and have questioned the effectiveness of many drugs. There is also controversy about using these drugs-such as Ritalin or amphetamines-to treat children.Other less mainstream treatments for mental health proble

26、ms, include stimulating the brain with magnetic pulses, electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain electrode stimulation, staying at a Hindu temple and using virtual reality to treat schizophrenia and phobias. Some experts argue that the different treatments for depression share a common mechanisms-promp

27、ting the growth of neurons. Madly creativeMadness has long been linked with genius. Many famous artists, writers and scientists have suffered from mental disorders, leading some to wonder if there is a link between these illnesses and creativity.The mathematician John Nash struggled with schizophren

28、ia while he developed the theory that earned him a Nobel Prize. The artist Vincent Van Gogh, the composer Robert Schumann and the writer Fyodor Dostoevsky are said to have suffered from a range of mental disorders including hypergraphia, a compulsion to write-a sign perhaps their art emerged from an

29、 unrelenting urge to communicate.One possibility is that genes that predispose people to such devastating illnesses persist because when the syndromes are present in a milder form, this heightened creativity gives people an evolutionary advantage.（分数：70.00）(1).Mental illness may be resulted from _.（

30、分数：7.00）A.irregularity of heartB.snapped bonesC.the malfunction of the neural network in brainD.the malfunction of the brain(2).The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges that _.（分数：7.00）A.millions of people worldwide are suffering from mental disordersB.people suffer from mental disorders whe

31、n being sad, happy or anxiousC.people may suffer from mental illness with emotional or behavioral disruptionD.mental disorders may result from the malfunctioning of our brains(3).Depression, the best known and most common mental illnesses, takes the form of _.（分数：7.00）A.extreme confidence in themsel

32、vesB.emotional break-out when it is coldC.emotional blows in daylightD.hopeless sadness and thoughts of suicide sometimes(4).Who may have suffered from the earliest recorded case of antisocial personality disorder?（分数：7.00）A.Vincent Van Gogh.B.John Nash.C.Samson.D.Robert Schumann.(5).People in eatin

33、g disorders tend to _.（分数：7.00）A.strive to be thin by starvationB.take an unhealthy attitude to eatingC.feed greedily and then purify themselves through vomiting or use of laxativesD.take an demanding attitude to their figure(6).By 2030, the illnesses to account for lost healthy life most do NOT inc

34、lude _.（分数：7.00）A.depressionB.HIVC.AIDSD.autism(7).The following infectious diseases that can develop into a mental illness is _.（分数：7.00）A.dementiaB.syphilisC.malariaD.untreated HIV infection(8).Identical twins have higher chance of both developing schizophrenia because of the strong role of _.（分数：

35、7.00）填空项 1:_(9).As for the medication of some severe symptoms, some experts doubt about the rush and have questioned _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Because many artists, writers and scientists have suffered from mental illness, some people wonder if these illnesses link with _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listenin

36、g Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.The credit hours for a degree in education.B.The credit hours for a degree in psychology.C.The requirements of an MA degree.D.The thesis requirement of an MA degree.A.He works at the meat counter.B.He delivers groceries to customers.C.He serves as a

37、cashier.D.He stocks shelves.A.It is not worth writing about.B.It is quite appropriate.C.It should be narrowed down.D.It should be expanded.A.Too complicated.B.Enjoyable.C.Touching.D.Interesting.A.At 10:00.B.At 9:00.C.At 9:30.D.At 5:00.A.Shes already visited the museum.B.Linda might be leaving earlie

38、r than she is.C.Linda will take him to the office.D.The man could probably go with Linda.A.She doesnt have time to go outside.B.Shell consider the mans advice.C.She knows how to relieve her stress.D.She will feel more stressful for getting behind in her lessons.A.He is an irresponsible father.B.He i

39、s careless.C.He is very busy with work.D.He is indifferent to his family.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Romania.B.Hungary.C.Czechoslovakia.D.Albania.A.Immediately.B.Towards the end of the month.C.Next month.D.Tomorrow.A.He may enjoy the beautiful sce

40、nery there.B.He wants to visit his relatives there.C.He may make a lot of friends there.D.He may do some market research there.A.Establish personal contracts.B.Further personal contacts.C.Investigate personal contracts.D.Sell medical facilities.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you ha

41、ve just heard（分数：21.00）A.The levels of his stress hormones will be lowered.B.His blood pressure will drop to a lower level.C.He will have a better appetite.D.His body temperature will rise.A.Because people can do it anytime and anywhere.B.Because laughter is better than a regular fitness program.C.B

42、ecause laughter is more effective than some medicines.D.Because people dont have to learn how to laugh.A.Because we want to make others laugh, too.B.Because we want to appear optimistic in public.C.Because a fake smile or laugh will change into a true laugh.D.Because our bodies can be fooled easily

43、by all act of laughing.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Because the trip takes as long as 30 minutes.B.Because the bridge is too long.C.Because the bridge is crowded with cars.D.Because the drivers cant enjoy the beauty

44、 there.A.People can talk with others during the trip.B.It only takes 15 minutes to cross the river.C.Its much cheaper than traveling by car.D.People can relax and enjoy the splendid views of the city.A.They like to stay longer to make more friends on the boat.B.They want to have enough time to rest

45、on the boat.C.They dont want to go to work earlier.D.They think high-speed boats are dangerous.A.“Golden Gate“ is the name given to a bridge and a boat sailing under the bridge.B.Commuters prefer high-speed boats but tourists are attracted to more leisurely ones.C.People have to cross the Golden Gat

46、e Bridge by car to get to work.D.Wedding ceremonies are occasionally held on the boat.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.An airwoman.B.A teacher.C.A lawyer.D.A secretary.A.15 days.B.17 days.C.19 days.D.21 days.A.Amy Johnsons life story as a female

47、flyer.B.Amy Johnsons great contribution to aviation.C.Amy Johnsons determination to be a pilot.D.Amy Johnsons flight to Australia.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.In the lower atmosphere.B.In the upper atmosphere.C.On the Earth.D.Near the Earth

48、.A.In 1978.B.In 1980.C.In 1985.D.In 1987.A.Ozone as a form of oxygen.B.Problems caused by the thinning of the ozone layer.C.The origin of ozone problems.D.The latest studies of ozone problems.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Why do so many people live to a healthy old age in certain parts of the world? Wh

49、at is the secret of their long lives? Three things seem to (36) to it: fresh air, fresh food and a simple way of life. People work near their homes in the clean, mountain air instead of travelling long (37) to work by bus, car or train. They do not sit all day in (38) offices or factories, but work hard outdoors in the friends. They take more exercise and eat less food than peopl