大学六级-1296及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-1296 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前很多人报考研究生；2. 你认为此现象的原因是什么；3. 你的看法。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Preparing for Weight Loss SurgeryFor those who consider weight loss surgery, they are at the end of their ropes. Traditional methods of diet and ex

2、ercise have had no effect, and this procedure is a last resort. But by no means is the leap from thinking about weight loss surgery to the operating table a short one.“People need to be aware, in great detail, of the risk and benefits of weight loss surgery so they understand what it is all about,“

3、says Harvey J. Sugerman, president of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. “The procedure is not without risk, and there is a great deal of anxiety that comes with it, so it takes considerable preparation.“From checking on insurance coverage to psychological exams to support groups, preparing

4、 for this life-changing procedure takes time, physical and mental readiness, and most of all, commitment.First Steps“From the time a person first thinks about having weight loss surgery, to the time they make the commitment to have it done is typically about two years,“ says James Kolenich, a bariat

5、ric surgeon at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Horizon. “Most people dont rush into this, they talk to family and friends, they talk to the hospital, they go home and they think about it more; its usually a very thoughtful approach.“More than 60 million obese people are living in the

6、U. S. , according to the American Obesity Association (AOA), and about 9 million are severely obese. Weight loss surgery, also called bariatric surgery, can be successful when diet and exercise have failed, and a persons health is on the line. Overweight is the second leading cause of preventable de

7、ath, after smoking, in the U. S. , according to the AOA.“The first thing a person should do is contact his insurance company to learn if he is covered for the surgery, and he should contact his primary care doctor to find out if there is documentation of his struggle with obesity,“ says Kolenich. “M

8、any insurance companies want to know that a primary care doctor has tried to help the patient lose weight with psychological counseling, diet, and an exercise plan for five years, and for many patients, this is a big road block.“While there are other options, such as personally financing the procedu

9、re, they are costly: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases web site states that this procedure can run from $ 20,000 to $ 35,000.With such a hefty price tag on weight loss surgery, it pays to ensure that your doctor documents your battle with obesity early on, to open

10、up options down the road. When youve crossed all your is and dotted all your is in the insurance category, it is time to find a hospital or center, and a surgeon, which are first-rate.Finding a Batiatric Surgeon“When youre looking for a surgeon, ask if he or she is board-certified by the American Bo

11、ard of Surgery,“ says Kotenich. “Is he a member of the American Society of Bariatrie Surgeons? What is the mortality rate of the surgeon, the morbidity rate, the success rate?“Clearly, the surgeon you find should be well experienced in the area of weight loss surgery.“Make sure the surgeon you choos

12、e is an experienced and qualified bariatrie surgeon,“ says Daniel Herren, chief of bariatric surgery at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York. “Its clear that the more experienced the surgeon, the lower the risk of mortality. Ideally, you would prefer to find a surgeon who has performed at least 100 of the

13、se procedures.“What you are looking for doesnt stop with numbers and statistics-you will also need a support system, Look for a center or hospital that offers educational seminars to those who are just beginning the process so you can learn more about the actual procedure, the benefits, and the risk

14、s. Also look for support groups, that can be utilized pre-and post-operatively.Preparing for Weight Loss Surgery“The single most important factor is that they have to realize the surgery is not a cure for obesity,“ says Herren. “Its a very powerful tool used in the fight against obesity. It needs to

15、 be considered as part of a process, and a lifelong commitment to follow up with physicians, a regular exercise program, and healthy eating. If a person doesnt understand that this is a lifelong commitment, that its net a quick fix, then he or she is not a good candidate.“From a physical standpoint,

16、 the preparation for weight loss surgery involves meeting with doctors-a lot of them.A person also needs to meet with a nutritionist, to begin to better understand the elements of healthy eating, and how eating habits need to change before and after the surgery. “By getting into a proper nutritional

17、 mindset before surgery, such as learning to eat smaller portions, eating Slowly, paying closer attention to the nutritional make-up of meals, a person is better adapted for the major changes in their lifestyle after the surgery,“ says Herron. Understanding the RisksUnderstanding the possible outcom

18、es of weight loss surgery, including the risks, is an important part of preparing for the procedure. “Education is a tremendously important part of the preoperative process,“ says Herron. “There is no question that there are major risks associated with the operation. However, those risks can be mini

19、mized by having a thorough preoperative workup so there arent surprises during the procedure, and by making sure the surgeon is experienced and qualified.“Nonetheless, dealing with the emotional toll of this procedure can be difficult, especially when considering the possibility of death. “There hav

20、e been good studies looking at the risk of dying after weight loss surgery, showing that although there is a risk of death with surgery, the overall survival rate is improved with surgery compared to not having the surgery at all, and living with obesity,“ says Herron.It helps that most centers and

21、hospitals and insurance companies, require psychological evaluations prior to the allowing the procedure-which benefits both patient and doctor. “You have to fill your mind with as much optimism and positive thinking as possible,“ says Joe De Simone, PhD, a psychiatrist in private practice in N. Y.,

22、 who works with patients preparing for weight loss surgery. “Basically, the preparation is to become more conscious of what you are thinking and feeling, and start preparing yourself to think of food and your life in a different way. This is a courageous step for people to take, and its not just abo

23、ut weight changing-its about life changing.“Pest-Op ExpectationsWhile weight loss surgery does have a major impact on a persons life, it requires, like any surgical procedure, some recovery time. “The recovery period is quite variable,“ says Herron. “I have some patients who take a week off and are

24、back full time, and others who take three to four weeks to recover. While its certainly physically possible to be back to 90% of capacity after a week, most people take longer to adjust to the new lifestyle.“New techniques have also helped to lessen recovery time. Today, the procedure can be perform

25、ed minimally invasively via small incisions. In a few centers around the country it can even be done on an outpatient basis.Patients also need to remember weight loss surgery is not a cure. “Its not a magic bullet, but is an amazingly powerful weight-loss tool,“ says Herron. “A person will find they

26、 will lose about a pound per day for the first month or so. Then theyll lose between 50%-75% of their excess body weight typically during the first 12 months after surgery.“ What follows is dedication to a healthy diet and exercise regimen, continual follow-up with doctors to monitor progress, and c

27、ommitment to a new life.（分数：70.00）(1).Weight loss surgery is one of the traditional ways of losing weight.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many people have weight loss surgery possibly because overweight may give rise to death.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).After having the weight loss surgery, a person will not suffer fro

28、m obesity any more.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).A person also might be required to quit smoking to improve the outcome of the operation.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).It is advisable that a patient have his/her operation covered by the insurance company because weight loss surgery is usually _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).A per

29、son who thinks about having weight loss surgery should find _ bariatric surgeon.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Eating smaller portions, eating slowly, paying attention to the nutritional _ of meals are examples of healthy eating habits.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).During the preparing procedure, one important part is t

30、o help the candidates understand the possible outcomes and _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Herron, after having the surgery, the recovery time _ from person to person.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).With the development of _, the recovery period may become shorter and shorter.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listenin

31、g Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Husband and wife.B.Doctor and patient.C.Teacher and student.D.Doctor and nurse.A.To do whatever the committee asks of him.B.To make decisions in agreement with the committ

32、ee.C.To run the committee according to his own ideas.D.To elect the committee chairman himself.A.At 8:45.B.At 8:15.C.At 8:05.D.At 8:35.A.The man would understand if he had Franks job.B.Frank could help him get a job on an airplane.C.Waiting on tables is an enjoyable job.D.She is tired of waiting for

33、 him there.A.Its not important how he dances.B.Its too crowded to dance anyway.C.If hes careful, no one will notice.D.No one knows the steps to the dance.A.Theyd better hurry because they have no time to lose.B.They neednt hurry because they still have time.C.They will not be late because it is easy

34、 to get there.D.They should take the easiest way in order not to be late.A.Meet his client.B.Prepare the dinner.C.Work at his office.D.Fix his ear.A.The man deserved the award.B.The woman helped the man succeed.C.The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.D.The woman worked hard and was giv

35、en an award.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The size is very smallB.Professors do the presentation in lecture classes.C.Students cant ask questions.D.Students should be very active in lecture classes.A.A lot of preparation is needed.B.The size is very

36、 big.C.Professors are always absent.D.Students sit around a big table.A.It is smaller.B.The classroom atmosphere is warmer.C.Students cant ask questions.D.Students dont need to stand up when the class begins.A.More than 100 students.B.About 50 students.C.About 200 students.D.8 to 10 students.Questio

37、ns 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They are friends.B.They are counselor and client.C.They are teacher and student.D.They are colleagues.A.There are some interesting items on the grocery list.B.There are some mistakes in the list.C.It is actually his notes.D.Sh

38、es never seen a grocery list before.A.The list appears on the mans desk.B.The man says he has to buy some things.C.The man has made some mistakes in the list.D.The handwriting is identical to the mans.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just hea

39、rd.（分数：21.00）A.She felt doubtful.B.She felt satisfied.C.She felt delighted.D.She felt surprised.A.She was asked to call the chairmans wife.B.She was asked to make a copy of English final exam.C.She was asked to go to the chairmans wifes office.D.She was asked to retake the final exam.A.Because she w

40、as a black girl.B.Because she got the highest average in the class.C.Because she wanted to hit the chairmans wife.D.Because she refused to retake the exam.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He trained as an electronics engineer.B.He trained as a me

41、chanical engineer.C.He trained as a communication engineer.D.He trained as a nuclear engineer.A.Fishing and hunting.B.He began to show great interest in natural beauty.C.Nuclear science.D.Amateur radio.A.An old friend of his.B.His elder brother.C.His younger brother.D.His younger son.Passage ThreeQu

42、estions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To adopt a three-year policy.B.To provide subsidies.C.To create more job opportunities.D.To adopt a system of unemployment insurance.A.1,530.000.B.930,000.C.600,000.D.105,800,000.A.Eastern.B.Southern.C.Northern.D.Western.A.Bec

43、ause the industrial development has been unbalanced.B.Because college enrolment has been expanded.C.Because they are not adaptable.D.Because they can not meet market demands.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Unemployment is a deeply (36) sensitive political issue for Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. Back in 1

44、998 he was (37) for his first term on a promise that the jobless count would be brought down to (38) .He (39) on that and now the official unemployment figure is above five million, the first time since the great depression of the 1930s, which brought the Nazis to power. And to make matters (40) , t

45、he official figures may greatly (41) the real extent of the problem. Once those on government training schemes and the like are (42) the actual number of people looking for work could be as high as (43) .The German economy has yet to fully recover from the boom and bust that followed reunification a

46、 decade ago. (44) , where work has shifted to new manufacturing centers such as Chine.But, despite the latest unemployment figures, there are some recent signs of economic improvement in what is still by far Europes largest economy. (45) . Meanwhile businesses are more optimistic than they were a co

47、uple of years ago. Welfare benefits have been reduced. Companies have been re-organized to cut costs.(46) The German economy is growing again: though slowly, and it is seen as one of the more robust in the European Union.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:

48、_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meaning of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.For much of recent west