大学六级-1075及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-1075 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.如今低碳生活方式受到人们的欢迎2低碳生活的意义3我们应该 Low-carbon Life（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Scientists finally get angry about indifference to climate changeFor decades, scientists have been seen as humble, calm souls. But now, fa

2、ced with widespread indifference to global warming, a small band of science radicals are getting angry. Will more follow suit?James Hansen never expected to become a radical activist at the age of 65. He is a grandfather who loves nothing more than exploring nature with his grandchildren. He holds d

3、own a respectable job as the director of Nasas Goddard Institute for Space Studies. But he is 70 now, and he has a police record.Hansen gets himself arrested, testifies in court on behalf of others who have broken the laws and issues public pronouncements that have made Nasa try to silence himall be

4、cause he cant bear the thought that his grandchildren might hold him responsible for a burned-out planet.Hansen is the climate scientists climate scientist. He has testified about the issue in front of Congress, but has had enough of the standard government response“greenwash“, he calls it. Last mon

5、th, Hansen issued an uncompromising plea for Americans to involve themselves with civil unrest over climate change. “We want you to consider doing something hardcoming to Washington in the hottest and stickiest weeks of the summer and engaging in civil disobedience that will likely get you arrested,

6、“ he says in a letter on grist, org.However many Americans turn up to get arrested in Washington, its unlikely that Hansen will end up sharing a cell with other scientists. He cuts a lonely figure on the barricades(路障); almost all scientists run shy of such public misbehaviour.In private, science ha

7、s always been a brutal, fighting arena. To be successful you have to challenge established thinking, force out the old guard and prove beyond question that you are right. That takes extraordinary perseverance, resourcefulness and courage.The tragedy is that these praiseworthy attributes are rarely a

8、pplied to tackling areas where science highlights something of global concern. Yes, scientists compile and contribute to reports on issues such as climate change. But those reports are made public only when the scientists have agreed on the most conservative of conclusions, satisfying the lowest com

9、mon views among those whose names appear on the documents.The UNs climate monitor, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , for example, issues reports that stand accused of underplaying sea level rises. According to a report published by the US National Academy of Sciences. levels may

10、 rise three times faster than IPCC estimates.That is not to say that climate scientists dont privately agree about what is going on with our planet. In April 2010 a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that nearly 98% of working climate scientists accept the

11、evidence for human-induced climate change. The voices of opposition reported “for balance“ come almost exclusively from researchers who are not publishing in the field.Unfortunately, this consensus over climate change is in danger of becoming the worlds best-kept secret. According to the World Banks

12、 2010 World Development Report, 17% of US citizens think that the properly scientific view is to be doubtful about climate change, while 43% believe that scientists are “evenly divided“. Who is to blame for this gulf between reality and perception? The media? The government? No. When they are being

13、honest, the scientists blame themselves.And thats why Hansenand a handful of other scientistsare bypassing traditional outlets for scientific results.If Hansen gets arrested this summer, it will complete his hat-trick (帽子戏法): he has already been arrested twice at environmental protests. In 2009 poli

14、ce dragged him and actor Daryl Hannah off a mountain road in West Virginia. They and hundreds of other protesters had sat down in protest at a local companys intention to access the mountains coal deposits by packing it with explosives and blowing its top off. The second arrest came last year in Was

15、hington, at a protest over similar practices.Hansens attitude echoes that of Sherwood Rowland, who won a Nobel prize for his research into the effects of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) (氟氯化碳) gases on the ozone layer. “Whats the use of having developed a science well enough to make predictions,“ Rowland s

16、aid, “if all were willing to do is stand around and wait for them to come true?“Rowlands colleagues kept away from him for his activism. Even the iconic environmentalist James Lovelock called for a “bit of British caution“ in the face of what he saw as Rowlands “missionary“ enthusiasm for a ban on C

17、FCs. In the end, it was only the terrifying discovery of a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica that shocked the politicians.US academics Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway have highlighted the disappointing timidity of scientists. On acid rain, climate change, tobacco marketing and the ozone crisis,

18、they “would have liked to have told heroic stories of how scientists reveal the truth“ in their book Merchants of Doubt, but scientists fighting back have been “conspicuously scarce“. “Clearly, scientists knew that many contrary claims were false,“ they feel sad. “Why didnt they do more to refute th

19、em?“The answer is, because of the party line established in the post-war era offer advice only if asked.Academic science is a relatively new profession., it sprang up after the second world war, when governments realized that whoever invested the most in science would win the next war. It quickly be

20、came a profitable and safe career option. But there was a cost involved, science had to promise to behave itself.The atomic bomb, the V2 rockets and the threat of nerve and mustard gases (芥子气)had all contributed to the view of science as something that had to be tightly controlled. “People hate scie

21、ntists,“ biologist Jacob Bronowski observed in 1956. And so scientists developed an attitude of obedience, “the monk of our age, timid, frustrated, anxious to be asked to help,“ as Bronowski put it.While most scientists have learned keep their heads down, a few are beginning to argue that what a sci

22、entist knows must influence his or her personal opinions and values. Thats why a group of young Australian climate scientists released a music video earlier this year. It was an angry rap aimed at those who question climate science while holding no qualifications in the field.Hearteningly, there may

23、 be more of this to come. Paul Nurse, the new president of the Royal Society, has said he would be happy to see scientists getting fully engaged with politics and involved with activism.And scientists are no longer hated, they are, in fact, overwhelmingly popular, and much more trusted than politici

24、ans. A 2010 survey of European citizens revealed that 63% of people think government or academic scientists are best qualified to explain the impact of scientific and technological developments on society (only 11% think politicians should do the job). Its not just about explaining, either. A 2009 P

25、ew survey revealed that three-quarters of the public would like to see scientists active in political debates about such issues as nuclear power or stem cell (干细胞)research.Those who have by far fought within the ivory towers to establish the science of climate change now need to build up enough cour

26、age to take their fighting spirit out of the laboratory and onto the streets. Activist scientists will soon find themselves wondering why they live under the shadows for all those years. After all, as Bronowski also said. “Opposition is the native activity of the scientist./（分数：49.00）(1).As a grandf

27、ather, James Hansen is fond of _.（分数：7.00）A.answering his grandchildrens questions about natureB.going out to discover nature with his grandchildrenC.telling stories about his research to his grandchildrenD.discussing the natural problems with his grandchildren(2).The reason why Hansen defends in co

28、urt on behalf of those who have broken the laws is that _.（分数：7.00）A.he is a person of great justice and honestyB.he should take full responsibility for the whole eventC.he believes it is reasonable to let the public know the real situation of our planetD.he doesnt want to be blamed for not protecti

29、ng the earth well by later generations(3).What did Hansen appeal to Americans to do last month?（分数：7.00）A.To join hands and take actions to protect our environment.B.To make themselves arrested to draw attention of the government.C.To involve themselves in the public protest against climate change.D

30、.To organize demonstrations against climate change in their own cities.(4).What do we know about the reports launched by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?（分数：7.00）A.They understated the rises of sea level.B.They overestimated the rises of sea level.C.They precisely estimated the sea lev

31、el rises.D.They were beyond most peoples expectation.(5).From a research issued in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, we learn that the vast majority of scientists _.（分数：7.00）A.are not sure about the reasons of the climate changeB.believe the human beings have caused the climate ch

32、angeC.hold that human beings can balance the development and the climateD.insist that the climate doesnt change though many people oppose it(6).Sherwood Rowland said it is of no use if we _.（分数：7.00）A.are not willing to wait and see the climate change consequenceB.do not develop a science to predict

33、 the climate change trendC.develop a good prediction science without making full use of itD.have a science only good enough to make climate predictions(7).After the second world war, academic science developed suddenly when _.（分数：7.00）A.people realized it was a safe and well-paid job optionB.the gov

34、ernment realized the importance of developing scienceC.it was a comparatively new and promising occupationD.the scientists were conscious of the need to develop science2.Earlier this year, a music video was made by some Australian climate scientists to release their anger at those who question clima

35、te science but are not 1 in the field.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.Most of the European citizens think the ones who have the qualification to explain the influence of scientific and technological developments on society are 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.According to Bronowski, the scientists primary activity is 1.（分数：7.

36、00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.Its too late to buy the morning newspaper.B.He doesnt want to go to the concert.C.The box office is closed today.D.All of the tickets have been sold out.A.She has already started working on her research project.B.She cant dec

37、ide which to choose about the research topic.C.She would like to discuss her research with the man.D.She has to change the subject of her research.A.He doesnt recommend going to Central Mountain.B.He doesnt plan to go skiing during spring break.C.He has never been to Central Mountains himself.D.He d

38、oesnt like skiing in the high mountains.A.His job starts next week.B.Hes eager to start his new job.C.His professor was mistaken about the job.D.He believes the job interview went well.A.He doesnt want the woman to give him money.B.He doesnt remember how much the groceries cost.C.The concert tickets

39、 were inexpensive.D.He had forgot about the concert.A.The play will be performed at another location.B.The woman doesnt intend to attend the play.C.It isnt possible to cancel the play.D.The play was going to be performed outside.A.She knows why Bob is angry.B.Bob isnt really angry with the man.C.Bob

40、 will probably remain angry until the man apologizes.D.The man should ask Bob to apologize.A.Return his literature books to the bookstore.B.Keep his books from the literature class.C.Sell his literature books to the woman.D.Visit the reference section of the library.Questions 19 to 22 are based on t

41、he conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.She feels nervous speaking in front of many people.B.Her presentation received a poor grade.C.She is unable to freely attend her psychology class.D.She did not completed her assignment.A.She had better prepare well.B.She can try to look at something el

42、se.C.She can locate where the man was seated.D.She can get advice from her professor.A.Children blush the most.B.Adults never blush.C.It is absolutely an intentional behavior.D.It is somewhat a learned behavior.A.To introduce someone who has researched blushing.B.To illustrate the benefit of a publi

43、c-speaking class.C.To give an example of a man who blushes easily.D.To explain a way to overcome blushing.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She studied this course at college.B.She learned it from one of her friends.C.She did some web editing in her fre

44、e time.D.She took part in a part-time course.A.Dynamic and nice.B.Energetic and interesting.C.Experienced and ambitious.D.Humorous and qualified.A.Interview Roberto for the job position he applies.B.Offer Monica the job of web production assistant.C.Send the man the links of the websites Monica edit

45、ed.D.Have a talk with both Roberto and Monica.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To adjust to the size of the room and the audience.B.To use a natural tone rather than shout.C.To use the lower parts of their voice.D.To be

46、 dependent on microphones.A.Emphasizing vital points and causing applauds.B.Implying a speech of a slower pace.C.Indicating transitions and making anticipations.D.Dividing varied words and sounds.A.The skills of using voice in a speech.B.Methods to evaluate a persons speech voice.C.The three main el

47、ements of voice.D.The positive experience in a speech.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It doesnt include the use of dialect.B.Its considered Stowes best written work.C.It was not published in the 19th century.D.It was Stowes most popular work.A.T

48、o give an example of her best works.B.To reflect the images as realistically as possible.C.To suggest that her work was popular in America.D.To compete with another author who lived there.A.A childrens geography book.B.A collection of travel books.C.A biographical sketch.D.Uncle Toms Cabin.A.To intr

49、oduce an important author to us.B.To compare two different forms of writing.C.To discuss the differences between northern and southern writers.D.To explain why a particular book was written.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He shares home responsibilities with his wife.B.He has to be the only breadwinner of a family.C.He