大学六级-1023及答案解析.doc
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1、大学六级-1023 及答案解析(总分:712.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1./r/n /r/n Country/r/n GNP per head (2000,)/r/n Daily calorie supply per head /r/n Life expectancy at birth (years) /r/n Infant mortality rates per 1000 live births /r/n /r/n /r/n Bangladesh/r/n 462/r/n 1922/r/n 52/r/n 63/r/n /r/n
2、/r/n Bolivia/r/n 2458/r/n 2107/r/n 67/r/n 48/r/n /r/n /r/n Egypt/r/n 3323/r/n 2946/r/n 368/r/n 40/r/n /r/n /r/n Indonesia/r/n 3117/r/n 2314/r/n 65/r/n 31/r/n /r/n /r/n U.S.A./r/n 18779/r/n 3781/r/n 79/r/n 11/r/n /r/n(分数:106.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)Happy Earth DayThe Good NewsHeres th
3、e good news: our air is cleaner, our lakes are purer, our forests are healthier, endangered species are recovering, toxic emissions are down, and acid rain has diminished dramatically. And yet, if youve looked at a newspaper or watched the evening news lately, you might think our environment is unde
4、r siege(围攻). Media coverage of the environment is heavy on doomsday, but the truth is not at all break: nearly all environmental trends in the United States are positive and have been for years-if net decades.Eco-legislation, green organizations, corporate cooperation and new inventions have all qui
5、etly steered our environment in a positive direction. We cant afford to be complacent(自满的), though-especially when it comes to greenhouse gases, since global warming is the one huge problem we havent really tackled. But almost every measure taken by government agencies and grass-roots efforts tn imp
6、rove the environment has shown encouraging results-usually faster than expected and at a lower cost. Now thats good news.Scientists and environmentalists think that even the worrisome fact of global warming can be ameliorated(改善). There is a strong scientific consensus that the global warming threat
7、 requires action, but if current environmental trends persist and the reduction of most pollutants continues to be accomplished faster and more cheaply than expected, we may be able to control and reduce greenhouse gases in both affordable and practical ways.Consider some of the environmental improv
8、ements the United States has witnessed over the last three decades.Improved Air QualityTake a nice, big cleansing breath. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, emissions of the primary smog-causing chemicals from cars and trucks have declined 54 percent since 1970, even though the number
9、 of registered cars and trucks has more than doubled, from 108,407,000 to 230,428,000, and they are now driven one and a half times as far annually.Keep breathing, because the fine particulates linked to respiratory disease, including those sometimes seen as soot(煤烟), are down by about one-third sin
10、ce 1979 (though fewer cities were surveyed back then). The level of carbon monoxide, a dangerous odorless gas, is down 53 percent since 1970. And emissions of sulfur dioxide, often the major culprit behind acid rain, are down 49 percent since 1970, despite the fact that the United States now bums fa
11、r more coal, the main source of this pollutant.These improvements have translated into better air quality for millions of Americans. Between 1976 and 1990, the Los Angeles area averaged some 150 days per year in violation of federal smog standards; in 2004, that figure dropped to just 27 violation d
12、ays, the fewest ever for that city.And, in case you are wondering, federal standards have become stricter; not weaker, during this period. Of course, there is more to be done-27 smog days in Los Angeles are still 27 too many, and Atlanta, Houston and other cities continue to experience air-pollution
13、 problems. But overall, air-quality trends are strongly positive. Now, exhale.Better Water QualityOther environmental trends are equally encouraging. Water quality has improved, too, and rates of waterborne disease are also in decline. Its hard to believe, but just a generation ago, factories and mu
14、nicipal plants actually discharged untreated wastewater directly into rivers; today, though some raw sewage often makes it to waterways, almost all wastewater in the United States is treated before discharge.Even our largest metropolises have seen dramatic changes in their waterways. Remember when t
15、he filthy condition of Boston Harbor became a contentions issue in the 1988 presidential campaign? Today, Boston Harbor is sparkling again. The Potomac River, which in the 1960s literally gave off a stench(恶臭), now boasts a thriving waterfront restaurant scone. And the Chicago River, a virtual open
16、sewer in the 1960s, now hosts charming dinner cruises.Innovation Goes GreenInvention has always been an important force in American history. When major reductions in automobile pollution were first mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1970, automakers either called the goals impossible or claimed that c
17、ars would become ruinously expensive. Then the catalytic converter was invented. This device reduces the level of many pollutants from automobile exhaust both cheaply and reliably.Today, it is estimated that new cars and light trucks emit just 3 to 4 percent of the amount of pollution that a new car
18、 would have emitted in 1968, before regulation; soon cars emitting less than I percent could be seen driving around your neighborhood.Other inventions, such as an enormous device known as the electrostatic precipitator, have reduced severe emissions from power-plant smokestacks, eliminated toxic sub
19、stances from manufacturing processes, and replaced CFCs, the chemicals that cause ozone-layer depletion, with other more benign compounds. And by the way, the ozone layer appears to be restoring itself.Legislation in ActionGovernment regulation has also been an important force in the drive to protec
20、t the environment. The reason the catalytic converter and other antipollution devices were invented in the first place is because the government required big reductions in pollution, via the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and other legislation. Some environmental regulation may be too cumbersome(麻烦的
21、) and needs to be streamlined-standards can vary wildly between regions-but there isnt any doubt that environmental regulation actually works.Citizens for ChangeIndividual activism has been another important factor in the amazing progress we have seen in our natural world. Without the continued pres
22、sure from environmentalists, antipollution legislation would not have been enacted, and many pollution-reducing devices would not have been invented. Grass-roots organizations have been particularly essential to the ongoing creation and maintenance of new parks, wildlife refuges and protected forest
23、s.Corporations Clean UpBusinesses that once resisted environmental roles now generally comply. When companies started losing lawsuits regarding their chemical omissions, the idea of toxic reduction became rather popular in corporate boardrooms. But many corporations today seem to have genuinely come
24、 to believe that environmental protection is good for the country, good for the economy and, therefore, good for business. Getting a head start on the future, several big manufacturers, such as Alcoa, Boeing and Whirlpool, have already taken steps to reduce their companies greenhouse gas emissions.A
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- 大学 1023 答案 解析 DOC
