大学六级-3及答案解析.doc
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1、大学六级-3 及答案解析(总分:712.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.高校扩招是一件好事 2. 高校扩招公带来一些问题 3. 我的观点(分数:106.00)_二、BPart Reading (总题数:1,分数:70.00)B Directions:/BI In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (
2、for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passa
3、ge./IB The Science that Imitates Natures Mechanisms/BA European industrialist not long ago became very suspicious about American purposes and intentions in certain areas of scientific research. He learned by chance that the United States was signing contracts with scientists in England, France, Ital
4、y, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, Australia, and other countries, calling for research into such matters as the function of the frogs eye and the learning ability of the octopus.It seemed to the industrialist that such studies could not possibly have any practical value. He ser
5、iously believed that the United States was employing the foreign scientists to do meaningless work and occupy their time, while American scientists were busy in the really important areas of science. He was unaware of the fact that the United States was spending much more money at home than abroad f
6、or similar studies.BNature does things better than people/BActually, the research he questioned involves a field of science so new that most people have never heard of it. Named bionics in 1960, this science is the study of living creatures, a study in search of principle applicable to engineering.
7、Nature has operated a vast laboratory for two billion years, and bionics probes the secrets of the marvelous “special-purpose“ mechanisms that have developed.Take the frogs eye for example. A frog eats only live insects, and its eye instantly spots a moving fly within reach of its tongue. You can su
8、rround a frog with dead (therefore motionless) flies, and it will never know they are there.If we can completely understand the mechanic of the frogs eye, we can develop a “map reading eye“ for missiles and a “pattern-recognition eye“ for our basic air defense system called SAGE (semi-automatic grou
9、nd environment). SAGE is badly overworked. Its international network of radar “EYES“ supplies a tremendous mass of unimportant details about meteorites, clouds, flights of ducks, geese, and friendly planes, and it sometimes gets confused. Until we can build a mechanical frogs eye into SAGE, it will
10、remain somewhat inefficient.BMilitary and civilian uses/BThe frogs eye holds promise in civilian life, too. For example, at most major airports the airtraffic problem-with 20 million flights per year to handle-has reached a critical stage. We must develop better devices for monitoring and controllin
11、g air traffic.Special-purpose mechanism as exciting as the frogs eye can be found throughout nature. The bat is under study because the bats sonar is much more efficient than man-made sonar. By bouncing supersonic squeaks off objects around him, the bat flies about with remarkable skills. A bat can
12、fly through a dark room strung with dozens of piano wires and never touch a single wire.The mosquito is under study because we need to solve the problem of Static that lessens the efficiency of our communications systems. A mosquito, simply by vibrating its wings, can set up a hum that will cut thro
13、ugh any interfering noise (man or nature can create loud whistles or thunder, for instance) and give a message to another mosquito 150 feet away.BElectrical system/BTheoretically at least we should be able to copy these mechanisms found in nature, for all biological organisms-from mosquito to frog t
14、o man-are in part actually electrical systems. The sense organs that “connect“ all animals to the outside world are merely transducers-instruments like a microphone, TV camera, or phonograph pickup arm-which convert one form of energy into another. A microphone, for example, converts sound into elec
15、trical signals which are carried to a loudspeaker and converted back into sound waves. Similarly, the nerve cells of a mans ear convert a cry for help into electrical pulses which are sped over his nervous system to the brain. The brain receives the signal, and then sends an answering electrical-pul
16、se message to his legs, where it is convened into muscular energy when he starts running toward the cry.We have been slow to profit from this close analogy between a biological organism and an electronic system. It was only in the early 1950s that we consciously began to unite biologists with physic
17、ists, chemists, electronic experts, mathematicians, and engineers in a team to solve the mysteries of biological machinery. The first formal bionics meeting-called by the U. S. Ak Force-was held in 1960. A year later there were 20,000 biologists at work in research laboratories in the United States
18、more than double the number employed ten years earlier.BElectronic and nonelectronic/BA bionicist can, of course, copy much in nature without resorting to electronics. For example, an airplane wing that gives unique stability to a small plane was introduced by the Cessna Company in 1960; the wing ti
19、ps of a seabird served as the model. An artificial gill to extract oxygen from water and throw off carbon dioxide like a fishs gill is being studied by the Navy for use on submarines. For the Navy, too, the U. S. Rubber Company is making tests of a rubber “skin“ for boats and submarine hulls, modele
20、d on the elastic skin of a dolphin.But the greatest advances in bionics unquestionably will be electronic in nature. Already an instrument laboratory has developed an “eye“ that can peer through a microscope and distinguish certain kinds of diseased ceils from healthy cells. General Electric Company
21、 has an experimental eye, the Visilog, that operates on the principle used by the human eye in judging distance as a solid surface is approached.We humans judge out rate of approach by the changed occurring in the texture of a surface as our eyes get closer and closer to it. This explains why we som
22、etimes fail to see a glass door, but we always stop short of a brick wall. General Electrics eye calculates the rate of approach to any textured surface and contains a device to slow the approach speed. It is being developed, hopefully, to pemit a planned moon-probe rocket to make a soft landing on
23、the moons surface. A small variety of Visilog may be created for the blind.BEars, nose, and brain/BThe owls ears are fascinating to many bionicists, for the owl has uncanny directional hearing. He can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves
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