IELTS(雅思)4及答案解析.doc

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1、IELTS(雅思)4 及答案解析(总分：9.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Listening Module(总题数：4，分数：4.00)What is Richards book?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A.B.C.D.E.填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Librarian need is some sort of identification with the womans (21)_ and (22) _. The identification the woman used is (23) _. T

2、he woman can take (24) _out at a time and she also get (25) _to take out magazines or periodicals. （分数：1.00）_Until 1850 most of the settlers came from _.（分数：1.00）_Why doesnt Steve want to go home?（分数：1.00）A.He doesnt have enough money.B.He wants to earn some money.C.He wants to study for the next te

3、rm.D.He wants to camp with JaneA.CarmgbahB.SydneyC.SutherlandD.the Royal National ParkA.CarmgbahB.SutherlandC.SydneyD.Gane beach填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Reading Module(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Vietnam has become one of the fastest-growing countries in Asia If foreign investment is any

4、thing to go by, the nominally communist rulers of Vietnam have made their peace with capitalism. The country raked in foreign direct investment worth more than 8% of GDP last year, even more, proportionally, than China. After its oversized and overheating neighbors, Vietnam also boasts Asias best-pe

5、rforming economy. It has grown by an average of 7.4% a year over the past decade and is likely to achieve a similar figure this year. Better yet, the boom has lifted many Vietnamese out of poverty. As recently as 1993, the World Bank considered 58% of the population poor. By 2002, that had fallen to

6、 29%. Can Vietnam maintain this remarkable momentum? So far, its economy has proved unstoppable. Neither last years outbreak of SARS, a respiratory disease which scared away tourists, nor this years avian flu epidemic, which hurt poultry farmers, made much of a dent. Even during the Asian financial

7、crisis of the late 1990s, when other countries in the region were plunged into recession, growth in Vietnam never fell below 4.8%. At first, agricultural reform, which redistributed land from the state to poor farmers, propelled the boom. More recently, export growth, fuelled by cheap, efficient lab

8、our and burgeoning foreign investment, has driven the economy. Exports leapt 20% last year. As Do Due Dinh, a local economist, points out, the money Vietnam earns from this trade roughly $ 20 billion last yearnow dwarfs the $ 2 billion odd it gets each year in hand-outs from foreign donors. Vietnams

9、 exports to America doubled in 2002, after the two countries signed a trade pact, and again in 2003. Admittedly, as trade with America grows, it has become more controversial. Last year, American catfish farmers, by invoking arcane anti-dumping laws, persuaded their government to impose steep tariff

10、s on imports of Vietnamese catfish. Now American shrimp-fishermen are trying to repeat the same trick. American bureaucrats are also contemplating reducing the amount of garments Vietnam can export to America, as a penalty for allowing Chinese-made clothes to enter America on Vietnams quota. Even if

11、 Vietnam is let off the hook, the quota will from now on only grow by a few percentage points a year. Between 2001 and 2003, by contrast, textile exports to the United States grew from $ 47 million to $2.4 billion. But Vietnams diversified exports it produces commodities, agricultural goods and manu

12、factures provide insulation against fluctuations in any single product. Its markets are diverse, too, although catfish exports to America fell by a third after the new tariffs were imposed, overall exports of catfish grew, as Vietnamese exporters found new customers in Europe and Australia. Vietnam

13、also hopes to join the World Trade Organisation next year. But even if this deadline slips, it still has its trade pact with America, its membership of AFTA, a South-East Asian free-trade area, and its proximity to China. Small businesses have also boomed, since the government passed a new law in 20

14、00 making it easier to set them up. By the end of 2002, over 50,000 new companies had sprung up. But as Martin Rama of the World Bank points out, Vietnam has almost no middling private firms between these mom-and-pop ventures and big exporters backed by foreign investors. Such businesses find it har

15、d to grow because they cannot readily get access to land or capital. About half of bank lending goes to state-owned enterprises, although that share is falling. What is more, even if banks (mostly state-owned themselves) wanted to lend to entrepreneurs, the latter have little collateral to pledge fo

16、r their loans. In Vietnam, the state owns all the land and grants land-use rights to farmers, businesses and home-owners. Although these are theoretically transferable, banks are fearful that Vietnams antiquated courts would not enforce their rights. Such fears have precluded a free market for land,

17、 further adding to private firms difficulties. Corruption also weighs heaviest on small businesses: in some provinces, they can be subjected to as many as 15 different bureaucratic inspections each year. The government, although trying to solve some of these problems, appears addicted to public ente

18、rprise. It continues to provide state-owned firms with loans and land - which many of them then rent on at a mark-up to the private sector. It invests with Stakhanovite zeal in impressive but uneconomical facilities, such as oil refineries, steel mills and fertiliser plants. The net result is a mass

19、ive misallocation of resources. Vietnams ratio of investment to economic growth has fallen by roughly a quarter in recent years. To reverse that slide, argues Robert Glofcheski, an economist at the UN Development Programme, the government must revert to the same tactics that made its agricultural re

20、forms so successful: more spending on health and education, further transfers of assets from the public to the private sector and faster deregulation. Such moves are particularly important if poverty is to be reduced further. Thanks in part to the stunning success of the past decade, tackling povert

21、y have become more difficult. The poor are now concentrated in remote, rural districts populated chiefly by ethnic minorities - just the sort of area least touched by the governments reform programme. Now that industry has replaced agriculture as the main engine of the economy, cities are growing fa

22、ster than the countryside. Vietnam cannot afford to provide services to the rural poor, or cope with a population influx in the cities, and cosset state-owned firms at the same time - even during a boom. （分数：0.98）(1).It has grown by an average of (13) 1a year over the past decade and is likely to ac

23、hieve a similar figure this year.（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_(2).In late 1990s, when other countries in the region were plunged into recession, growth in Vietnam never fell below (14) 1.（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_(3).Vietnams exports to America (15) 1in 2002, after the two countries signed a (16) 2pact, and again in 2003.

24、（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(5).Vietnam has almost no middling private firms between these mom-and-pop (17) 1 and big (18) 2backed by foreign investors.（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(7).Thanks in part to the (19) 1success of the past decade, (20) 2poverty have become more difficult.（分数：0.07）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:

25、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENA.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVENComputing is driving the philosophical understanding of quantum theory For evidence of the power of simplicity, you need look no further than a computer. Everything it does is based on the manipulation of binary d

26、igits, or bits-units of information that can be either 0 or 1. Using logical operations to combine those 0s and Is allows computers to add, multiply and divide, and from there go on to achieve all the feats of the digital age. But at each step of the complex operations involved, each bit has a defin

27、ite value. The same cannot be said of many properties in quantum physics, such as the spin of an atomic nucleus or the position of an electron orbiting such a nucleus. At a small scale, such properties can have more than one value at once. In 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician then at AT&Ts Bell Labo

28、ratories in New Jersey, realised that a computer that used such quantum properties to represent information could factorise large numbers extremely quickly. This is an important problem, because much of modern cryptography is based on the difficulty of factorising large numbers - so being able to do

29、 so quickly would render many modern codes easily breakable. Then, in 1996, a colleague of Dr Shors at Bell Labs, Lov Grover, showed that such a quantum computer would be able to search through an unsorted database much faster than an ordinary computer - another important application. With these ins

30、ights, quantum computing, which had first been thought of as a possibility in the early 1980s, became a hot topic of research. It was clear to many physicists that using “qubits“ - which, unlike ordinary bits, can exist in a “superposition“ of the values 0 and 1 simultaneously - might yield an expon

31、ential improvement in computing power. This is because a pair of qubits could be in four different states at once, three qubits in eight, and so forth. What Dr Shor and Dr Grover showed was that the improvement, if the technological hurdles could be overcome, would be not hypothetical, but real, and

32、 useful for important problems. The technology necessary to manipulate qubits, in their various incarnations, is challenging. So far, nobody has managed to get a quantum computer to perform anything other than the most basic operations. But the field has been gathering pace, and is the topic of much

33、 discussion among the scientists gathered in Montreal for the annual March meeting of the American Physical Society, the largest physics conference in the world. There are currently several different approaches to quantum computing, all of which rely on fundamentally different technologies, includin

34、g ultra-cold ions that are cooled by lasers, pulses of laser light, nuclear-magnetic resonance and solid-state devices such as superconducting junctions or quantum dots (which are confined clouds of electrons). What all these technologies have in common is that they can be used to invoke and exploit

35、 the bizarre phenomenon of superposition. Superposition is not simple. Though a qubit may, for a while, be in a state of superposition between 0 and 1, it must eventually choose between the two. And in even the best quantum computers, that choice, or “decoherence“, happens in a fraction of a millise

36、cond. Just how the choice is made, and how to prolong the preceding period of “coherence“ that allows quantum computations to be made, constitute a long-unexplained gap at the heart of modern physics. For nearly 80 years, since the inception of quantum theory in the 1920s, most physicists were conte

37、nt to gloss over the process. What is perhaps surprising is that the technological challenge of quantum computing is now a driving force behind efforts to understand the most abstract and philosophical underpinnings of quantum mechanics. （分数：1.04）(1).Using logical operations to combine those 0s and

38、1s allows computers to multiply and divide, and from there go on to achieve all the feats of the digital age.（分数：0.08）A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVEN(2).At a small scale, such properties can have five value at once.（分数：0.08）A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVEN(3).A qubit which may be in a state of superposition betwee

39、n 0 and 1 can eventually choose between the two.（分数：0.08）A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVEN(4).At each step of the complex operations involved, each bit has a blurry value.（分数：0.08）A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVEN(5).So far, somebody has managed to get a quantum computer to perform anything other than the most basic

40、operations.（分数：0.08）A.TrueB.FalseC.NOT GIVEN填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Take me out to the ballgame It is a strange coincidence that many popular sports played today with a ball, big or small, were first played in the latter half of the 19th century. Only cricket set its

41、rules earlier, in 1788. Basketball was invented in 1891. Other sports had antecedents: soccer, rugby and American football were all formalised in the 1860s and 1870s from what appears to be a common origin, while baseball was standardised around that time, as was golf though many Scots claim earlier origins. Tennis as we know it today was devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield, a British army officer, for the entertainment of guests at his country estate in 1873. Tennis, though, is an excep