BFT阅读（综合）-试卷40及答案解析.doc

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1、BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 40 及答案解析(总分：56.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 3(总题数：4，分数：56.00)Most people read newspapers for the news of the day. The typical daily newspaper contains articles about local, regional, national, and international news, as well as sports news, weather reports, editorials, and other features. In l

2、arge cities, newspaper readers can often choose between a morning paper distributed early in the morning and an evening paper distributed at the end of the workday. Most American newspapers also publish an enlarged Sunday edition containing articles about the news of the day and of the week, plus a

3、number of entertainment and advertising supplements. Daily newspapers are designed to be read quickly by busy people looking for specific information. The Sunday papers, on the other hand, are intended to entertain as well as inform, and they tend to be read leisurely by all members of the family. O

4、ther types of newspapers include campus newspapers, written by students at universities, and weekly newspapers, usually intended for a specific audience. The newspaper must provide for the reader objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply inter

5、pretation, the meaning of the facts. However, the opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor should confine himself to the “facts“. This insistence raised two questions: what are the facts? And are the bare facts enough? As to the first question, consider how a so-called “fact

6、ual“ story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead o

7、f the piece.(This is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.)This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgm

8、ent Number Three. Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporters and editors, calling upon their research resources, their general background

9、, and their “news neutralism“, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather than subjective processes as objective, that is, as any human being can be. If an editor is intent on slanti

10、ng the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of these facts that support his particular excuse. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.（分数：14.00）(1).This passage can be

11、entitled as _.（分数：2.00）A.Types of NewspaperB.News NeutralismC.Function of Morning PaperD.Interpreting the News(2).The reporter selects ten out of fifty available facts because _.（分数：2.00）A.he wants to make a complex story simplerB.the places mentioned in the ten facts are famousC.some articles are n

12、ot interestingD.the space of a newspaper is limited(3).The author implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.reporters should make no interpretation of the newsB.editors should not decide the location of the newsC.in writing a factual story, the writer must use judgmentD.daily newspapers are not welcome in smaller c

13、ities(4).The lead sentence should present the most important fact because _.（分数：2.00）A.it generates the attitudes of the writerB.it will please the editorC.it makes the newspaper more worthwhileD.some readers do not read beyond the first page(5).What does “slant“ in paragraph 4 probably mean?（分数：2.0

14、0）A.Bearing bias.B.Fight against.C.Change the style.D.Improve the quality.(6).Of the items listed below, which one would the author consider the most effective way of “slanting“ the news?（分数：2.00）A.Limiting the length of the article.B.Giving no interpretation of the news.C.Deleting the enclosed pict

15、ure.D.Placing the story in an inconspicuous place.(7).Which one is FALSE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Morning paper and evening paper are available to readers in larger cities.B.Compared with daily newspapers, the Sunday papers are mainly intended to inform people.C.In the presentation of “ob

16、ject“ story, at least three judgments are involved.D.Newspaper gives the readers the interpretation of news as well as the facts.One of the conflicts that a teacher faces relates to economics. The teacher is expected to be a model of dress and appearance, to live in a respectable house or apartment

17、within the school community, and to participate financially in religious, social, and welfare organizations. All too often, teachers are expected to maintain a certain standard of living on salaries that are not commensurate with their needs. These community pressures have caused many teachers, espe

18、cially male teachers who may be the sole source of income for their families, to get a second job, to moonlight. The teacher, besides being an employee of the school board, a subordinate of the principal and other superiors, and a colleague to fellow teachers, also has many roles in the classroom. T

19、eachers transmit knowledge and direct learning. They enter the classroom to teach; and if there is any role they can perform best, it should be this. They should have acquired a thorough understanding of their subject and have received special training through professional work in teaching methods,

20、curriculum, philosophy, and psychology. The teacher has been specially trained to teach for maximum learning. Our schools have traditionally divided subject matter into courses. Teachers success is usually gauged by how successfully pupils master subject matter. Teachers also discipline; they strive

21、 to guide children toward appropriate behavior. This guidance may be carried out in various ways. Some teachers become strict disciplinarians; some try to get students to cooperate voluntarily; still others let students be free to act as they want. Many teachers never learn to control students succe

22、ssfully. Discipline problems plague many beginning teachers. It is difficult to learn the techniques of disciplining students, since they can not be specifically taught in teacher preparation programs. The public sees lack of discipline as the most urgent problem in the schools now. Teachers who hav

23、e a firm background in their subjects, in educational philosophy, and in psychology of learning have the best chance for handling classroom discipline well. The teacher is an evaluator. Like discipline, evaluation is a difficult task for a teacher. Children receive grades and are passed or held back

24、 by the decision of the teacher. Also, the teacher determines what is appropriate moral and ethical behavior for students. In many respects, teachers are entrusted with the authority of judge and jury; they need all their personal resources to evaluate each child fairly. Often the teacher acts as a

25、substitute for the parent. In most states the teacher stands in for parents while the child is in school. Teachers are expected not only to discipline a child as the parent might and at the same time teach, but also to help the child manage personal problems. The teacher performs a multitude of duti

26、es ranging from helping little children with their clothing to helping older students adjust to the anxieties of adolescence. Occasionally, the teacher becomes the special confidant of students when, for example, students find it hard to tell their parents about particular personal problems. All the

27、 foregoing does not imply that the teacher must be everything to all persons to be successful. Situations will dictate appropriate teacher response. Teachers must perceive their proper role, and they must understand the expectations and limitations that accompany that role.（分数：14.00）(1).Why do many

28、teachers go moonlighting according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To gain social experiences.B.To realize self-values.C.To meet the community expectations.D.To make contributions to the society.(2).According to this passage, the role that most teachers perform best is _.（分数：2.00）A.disciplining studentsB.

29、evaluating studentsC.classroom teachingD.moonlighting(3).What is the most urgent problem in the schools in the publics eyes?（分数：2.00）A.Lack of discipline.B.High tuition.C.Poor teaching method.D.Bad relations between teachers and students.(4).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to th

30、e passage?（分数：2.00）A.Teachers are expected to receive training in many fields besides his subject.B.Many teachers are puzzled by how to evaluate students properly.C.Occasionally, teachers become special confidant of students.D.As to discipline students, teachers tend to use the similar method.(5).Wh

31、at does “plague“(Line 3, Para. 3)probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Trouble.B.Please.C.Threat.D.Confront.(6).In this passage, several roles of teacher have been mentioned EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.learning directorB.evaluatorC.theoristD.substitute for parents(7).What does this passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Soci

32、al positions of teacher.B.How to be a qualified teacher.C.Proper roles of teacher.D.Different teaching conceptions.For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there l

33、argely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty in

34、tolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other part of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the con

35、ditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the paces of workers at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for crea

36、tivity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the crudest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequa

37、lity at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abil

38、ities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar

39、workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with

40、 no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many

41、workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.（分数：14.00）(1).According to the passage, people judge others mainly by _.（分数：2.00）A.their characterB.the type of work they doC.working skills people possessD.the salary they earn(2).According to the

42、 writer, in the future, work will _.（分数：2.00）A.become less importantB.be as important as it is nowC.provide more psychological satisfactionD.provide chance of development for most workers(3).What is the greatest advantage the managers have over the workers in the writers opinion?（分数：2.00）A.They get

43、higher salary.B.They have opportunity to initiate.C.Their working hours are shorter.D.They have better working conditions.(4).Generally speaking, working conditions remain bad because _.（分数：2.00）A.managers see need to change them.B.there was room for improvement.C.mangers see no need to change them.

44、D.there was no room for improvement.(5).What does “ the other parts of their lives“(Line 7, Para. 1)refer to ?（分数：2.00）A.Boredom, frustration and humiliations.B.Conscious hours.C.Injustice of work.D.Material and psychological rewards.(6).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the pa

45、ssage?（分数：2.00）A.Work largely determines our standard of living.B.Many people are not able to control their work pace and working conditions.C.For many managers, work is a challenge.D.Improvement in moral standard is the most obvious problem to solve in industrial life.(7).Which one is NOT the reaso

46、n why workers feel alienated from their work and firm?（分数：2.00）A.Intolerable working conditions.B.No opportunity for personal development.C.Routine production.D.High pressure of life.As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This is an embarrassing

47、subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system has become less rigid. But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are classes, the “middle-class“ and the “

48、working-class“.(We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper-class“, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.)The middle clas

49、s consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation“ which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equalit