2015年职称英语（卫生类）B级试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2015 年职称英语（卫生类）B 级试卷及答案解析(总分：204.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词汇选项(总题数：16，分数：32.00)1.词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1 个意义最为接近选项。（分数：2.00）_2.Jack was dismissed .（分数：2.00）A.firedB.finedC.exhaustedD.criticized3.His claims seem credible to many people.（分数：2.00）A.workableB.convincingC.practic

2、alD.eligible4.Im afraid that your daughter has failed to get through her mid-term exams.（分数：2.00）A.pass offB.pass awayC.passD.pass out5.She is a highly successful teacher.（分数：2.00）A.fairlyB.ratherC.veryD.moderately6.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.（分数：2.00）A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.w

3、orried7.Mary has made up her mind not to go to the meeting.（分数：2.00）A.triedB.promisedC.decidedD.attempted8.Her behaviour is extremely childish .（分数：2.00）A.simpleB.immatureC.extraordinaryD.rare9.The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy .（分数：2.00）A.difficultB.worriedC.anxio

4、usD.unhappy10.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle .（分数：2.00）A.factB.mysteryC.statementD.game11.We were all there when the accident occurred .（分数：2.00）A.happenedB.brokeC.spreadD.appeared12.The story was very touching .（分数：2.00）A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.absorbing13.He is but a ch

5、ild.（分数：2.00）A.probablyB.notC.onlyD.hardly14.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：2.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining15.I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.（分数：2.00）A.awkwardB.strangeC.stupidD.awful16.He achieved success through hard work.（分数：2.00）A.reachedB.

6、reapedC.attainedD.took二、阅读判断(总题数：2，分数：28.00)17.阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。（分数：14.00）_One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child Development One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child de

7、velopment, including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds. For instance, the study found that many parents dont know that 1-year-olds cant tell the difference between right and wrong, and often dont cooperate or share when playing with other

8、children. The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children , said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York. “They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development

9、 , and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody. “ Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents98. 6 percent of whom were mothersof more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey, the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge o

10、f a babys development. The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids. One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions. Even when the researcher

11、s adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy “healthy interactions“ with their children. A lack of proper understanding of a childs development can cause assorted problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a m

12、other might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctors appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around. “A mom could misinterpret a childs normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant, and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of af

13、fection and repetition of that pattern over time,“ Paradis said. “That could hinder the childs potential for full growth and development. “ The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Honolulu. One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a mor

14、e active role in educating new parents. “By improving knowledge of child development among all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, theres an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,“ she said. “ It can ultimately lead to better parenting. “（分数：14.00）(1).A majority of parents of

15、babies know little about child development.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned(2).Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned(3).The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned(4).Most Ameri

16、can families are nuclear rather than extended ones.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned(5).Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned(6).Children of one and a half years old like to sit still.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned(7).Parent-child

17、 interaction can in no way be improved.（分数：2.00）A.RightB.wrongC.Not mentioned三、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：3，分数：24.00)18.概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。（分数：8.00）_The Drink Your Body Needs Most1 Our bodies are estimated to be

18、 about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles , lungs and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients(滋养物)to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells,removes waste, and protects our

19、 joints and organs.2 We lose water through urination(排尿), respiration(呼吸),and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration(脱水)include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation(便秘).

20、 A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3 A good rule of thumb(好的做法)is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half

21、. That gives you the number of ounces(盎司)of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, yo

22、u should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane,it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with

23、 you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need.A Ounces of water needed per dayB Importance of

24、 waterC Composition of waterD Signs of dehydrationE Supply of waterF Necessity for bringing a bottle for water（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A in your bodyB without waterC before longD for a

25、 changeE on a busy dayF to your weight（分数：8.00）(1).One cannot live 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The amount of water your body needs per day is related 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Dont forget to drink enough water even 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四

26、、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)19.阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。（分数：10.00）_New U. S. Plan for Disease Prevention Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $ 15 million program to try to encourage

27、 communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes(糖尿病). The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseasesthe leading causes of death in the United Statesand outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise. “In t

28、he United States today,7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement. The causes are often behavioralsmoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I am con

29、vinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative. “ Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through cha

30、nges in our lifestyle choices. “ Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003. “ These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he

31、said. The $ 15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes,and prevent cancer and strokes. The money will a

32、lso go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening. The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by scree

33、ning, including Pap tests(巴氏试验)for cervical cancer(宫颈癌), mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies(结肠镜检查),and prostate(前列腺的)checks. If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the followin

34、g is NOT true of chronic diseases in the U. S. ？（分数：2.00）A.They account for 70% of all deaths.B.They are responsible for most of the health care costs.C.They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D.They are largely preventable.(2).The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEP

35、T_.（分数：2.00）A.better dietB.increased exerciseC.less smokingD.more frequent hand washing(3).The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean_.（分数：2.00）A.greater responsibility of the governmentB.less need for input into treatmentC.higher costs of health careD.more lifest

36、yle choices for people(4).The purpose of the $ 15 million program is to_.（分数：2.00）A.promote disease preventionB.build more highwaysC.help poor communitiesD.wipe out chronic diseases(5).Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly_.（分数：2.00）A.the death rates for all chronic diseasesB.the kind

37、s of cancer attacking peopleC.the incidence rate for cancerD.the death rate for cancerYoung Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska

38、University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS)The study involved 1. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the young

39、sters took right after they started serving the army. The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not

40、strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,“ says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “ This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link w

41、ith fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. “ By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.

42、“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,“ says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that ha

43、s an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects. “ The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were m

44、ore likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.（分数：10.00）(1).The researchers in this study come from_.（分数：2.00）A.Aby health centreB.the Swedish armyC.the National Academy of SciencesD.a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital(2).Which of the following is an impli

45、cation of physical fitness ?（分数：2.00）A.Brain size.B.Good logical capacity.C.Clear logical thinking.D.Muscular strength.(3).By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.cognitive performanceB.heart capacityC.verbal comprehensionD.emotional behavior(4).The study f

46、indings include the following EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.growth factors are significant for a persons IQB.young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ testsC.youngsters who are fit will more likely get college educationD.young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ(5).The word “ secure

47、d “ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.insuredB.assuredC.obtainedD.studiedDangers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of

48、heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourishedmany people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out