【考研类试卷】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-阅读理解(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-阅读理解(三)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、专项练习(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)About four years ago, Kerry Sturgill found herself at a career crossroads: Should she stay in an industry populated by extroverts(外向型的人) or jump ship to a more reflective place where introverts like her

2、were in the majority? Career counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations fields “ so you can be happy and do what you are. “ Among the less fast-paced areas they pointed to: art, scientific research, data analysis. Such a move is definitely the right road for many i

3、ntroverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace. So, just what is an introvert anyway? It“s someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak. Extroverts use the speaking process to figure

4、 out what it is they want to say. And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types. Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstood. They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, eve

5、n territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their “space“ and quiet. Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, says Deborah Barrett, program director of the Rice University MBA communications program. An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worldsworking in

6、 an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more “out there“ skills. Here“s her advice for those looking to follow the same path: Make good use of e-mail. If you don“t get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up email sharing you

7、r thoughts. If you don“t have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones. But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejected. Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment, that might have “ short-

8、circuited a lot of nay pain , but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what“s made me a much more well-rounded person.“ Her main lesson?“ I don“t have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour. “（分数：6.00）(1).According to the career counselors, _.（分数：1.00）A.int

9、roverts should try to avoid working in a highly extroverted environmentB.introverts should try to change themselves to fit into an extroverted working environmentC.extroverts should work in less fast-paced areas such as art and scientific researchD.introverts can be happier if they can find jobs in

10、the field of public relations(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.People with introverted personality have some disadvantages in finding jobs.B.People with introverted personality have some advantages in working with others.C.Both introverted and extroverted people have merits an

11、d demerits.D.Most workplaces need more extroverted people than introverted ones.(3).According to the author, introverts are sometimes misunderstood because they are _.（分数：1.00）A.antisocialB.reservedC.aggressiveD.queer(4).Deborah Barrett believes that teaching is a practice of _.（分数：1.00）A.reflection

12、B.introversionC.energizingD.socializing(5).By “short-circuited a lot of my pain“ (in the last paragraph), Deborah Barrette means “_.“（分数：1.00）A.ruined a lot of her happinessB.saved her a lot of troubleC.relieved her of a heavy burdenD.added to her sufferings(6).We can learn from Deborah Barrett“s ca

13、se that introverted people _.（分数：1.00）A.should not share offices with extroverted onesB.are easily irritated by small talkC.like to communicate with others via e-mailsD.are reluctant to express their ideas in public三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Last week 29 earnest American high school students were i

14、nvited to an evening of receiving good words, small talk, warm toasts and fancy silverware. “Find out something about the person sitting next to you,“ advised former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. “Eventually, you“ll discover they always have something interesting to say. And you should a

15、lways use the proper silverware in the proper order. “ Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official Dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money. The evening was sponsored by the St. Albans School of Public Services to introduce its first class t

16、o the fine art of social survival. More than 84 guests, including students, teachers, school donors and speakers, gathered to replicate the lifestyle of the rich and political. The idea was to teach the social graces that will help students survive any social situation. Anyway, the whole proper fork

17、 thing is overrated. Former White House official C. Boyden Gray shared his top tips for surviving dinner parties: “Drink as little as possible until you get to dinner. “ “Don“t be the first person there or the last person to leave. “ “Try to get more out of your dinner partners than they get out of

18、you.“ Every Official Dinner has a greater reason for being. State dinners, for example, are either an opportunity to reward emerging democracies or strengthen old friendships. The Official Dinner was intended to show the students an elegant evening in Washingtonpart of the four-week intensive summer

19、 program to encourage public service. The students are from 13 states and two foreign countries. The program includes classes on the presidency, the courts, the media and international affairs. The students also debated public policy issues. “They“re still at it at 10 o“clock at night,“ said directo

20、r Mary Waikart. “That“s good practice for Washington, isn“t it?“ Since there was no band, Albright offered herself up as the night“s entertainer. No singing, but stories about her life in diplomacy. “Being secretary of state is the best job in the world,“ she said. “ Better than being president, bec

21、ause you don“t have to deal with the elections.“（分数：6.00）(1).Last week a group of high school students were invited to the dinner party _.（分数：1.00）A.to see the life style of the rich and politicalB.to discuss international and public policy issuesC.to learn to survive in different social situationsD

22、.to learn to become the future leaders of the White House(2).According to Madeleine Albright, at an official dinner _.（分数：1.00）A.we should get more information about the hostB.we should be sociable by talking with othersC.table manners are not as important as conversingD.we should learn to entertain

23、 others by telling a story(3).The imitated Official Dinner is different from the real ones in that the former _.（分数：1.00）A.was held without the participation of important personsB.could not get the financial support as easily as the real onesC.didn“t have as many guests as the real onesD.had nothing

24、 to do with political and international issues(4).What does the underlined word “replicate“ (Paragraph 5) mean?（分数：1.00）A.practiceB.exerciseC.imitateD.reconstruct(5).According to Boyden Gray, at dinner parties you should _.（分数：1.00）A.listen to others instead of talking too muchB.drink no alcohol bef

25、ore you goC.arrive as early as possibleD.leave after the parties are over(6).We can conclude from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.there are significant differences between the Official Dinner and other dinner partiesB.American students like to participate in public services very muchC.being a secretar

26、y of state is the best, even better than being a presidentD.the students who were invited to the dinner party were enthusiastic about the program四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Predicting the future is risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will get m

27、uch worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite major scientific advances. As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but relentlessly erodes t

28、he immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected. Thi

29、s is like condemning 16 000 people each day to a slow and miserable death. Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and doom . Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agenthuman immunodeficiency virus, or HIVwas identified. We now know more about HIV than about any other

30、virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the U.S. and Western Europe. The epidemic continues to rage, however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low a

31、s 40 years in some countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years. It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending lar

32、gely on what happens in India and China. Four million people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to reach several percent in a population of 1 billion. Half a million Chinese are now infected; the path of China“s epidemic, however, is less certain. An explosive AIDS ep

33、idemic in the U.S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV infection will continue to plague in about 0.5% of the population. But the complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur predominantly in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups. Nevertheless, American patien

34、ts will live quality lives for decades, thanks to advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune system. A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by economic reality, these ther

35、apeutic advances will have only limited benefit outside the U.S. and Western Europe.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.The Spread of HIV Will We Ever Cure AIDS?B.The Worse Situation of AIDS Will AIDS Ruin the Human Race?C.The Statistics of AIDS Wi

36、ll AIDS Spread around the World?D.The Potential of HIV Will Asia Become the Core of AIDS?(2).The phrase “gloom and doom“ (Paragraph 3 ) refers to the state of being _.（分数：1.00）A.obscure and sadB.depressing and fatalC.ruined and deadlyD.miserable and disappointing(3).According to the passage, which o

37、f the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.In India, the infection rate almost reaches 12 percent of its population.B.In China, about 50 000 people are infected with HIV.C.AIDS epidemic had caused 15 000 000 deaths in the whole world by January 2000.D.In the United States, HIV infection will go o

38、n to attack about 5% of the whole population.(4).As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa, _.（分数：1.00）A.the life span for most of the people has been reduced by 40 yearsB.most young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusC.people will have to learn to live with the disease f

39、or over 50 yearsD.the achievements made in preserving people“s health in the past will be wiped off(5).The passage tells us that _.（分数：1.00）A.HIV was found more than two years earlier than AIDS was identifiedB.people know a little more about HIV than about most other virusesC.AIDS continues to rage

40、more wildly in Africa than in AsiaD.HIV will mainly affect the poor and minority groups in the U. S.(6).According to the author, the cure for AIDS will probably lie in _.（分数：1.00）A.international cooperationB.timely educationC.economic situationD.strong will五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Singletons, re

41、ferring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end. A gloomy study has just been released that says that the intern

42、ational trend towards living alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem. For a number of reasons-relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller familiesthe number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and

43、 accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency of resource consumption“ is a lot hig

44、her in households of two people or more, simply because they share everything. Well imagine that. Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth

45、. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bit worried by your continuing single statusyou are letting down the entire human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and

46、 straying away from the “standard“ of family and coupledom. The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional. Try “communal living.“ There are all these illustrations of young attractive people havi

47、ng a “great time,“ laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV series “Friends. “ And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own is not allowed.（分数：6.00）(1).Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alo

48、ne that _.（分数：1.00）A.they should end their singledom as soon as possibleB.they should live together with other singletonsC.singledom is an acceptable life-styleD.singledom can shorten one“s life-span(2).Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned

49、 in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B.Now people can afford to support a household individually.C.Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D.Many people live much longer than before.(3).The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _.（分数：1.00）A.harmful to people“s lifeB.destructive to our ecosystemC.dangerous to plants and animalsD.unworkable in our society(4).It is implied in the passage that singletons are usu