【考研类试卷】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-综合填空(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-综合填空(二)及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、专项练习 1(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 1 may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 2 . Then there

2、 is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 3 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 4 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools. Major sporting 5 are now maj

3、or advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed 6 Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 7 basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 8 their products. There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on wails,

4、 buses, and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subwayseven the doors of public toilets. 9 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevatorsand 10 we. are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from

5、the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 11 the junk mail. 12 Insider“s Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 13 of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 14 to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected

6、 $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money ! What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 15 it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our a

7、ttitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. “（分数：15.00）A.lonelyB.aloneC.singlyD.individuallyA.commerceB.consumersC.commercialsD.commoditiesA.throughB.upC.inD.aboutA.taken toB.spent inC.expected ofD.exposed toA.incidentsB.affairsC.eventsD.programsA.flashesB.billboardsC.attractionsD.messagesA.top-h

8、eavyB.top-talentedC.top-secretD.top-rankingA.improveB.promoteC.urgeD.updateA.AudioB.StudioC.OralD.VideoA.sinceB.whileC.evenD.ifA.toss outB.lay downC.blow outD.break downA.It is said thatB.Apart fromC.According toD.Including inA.digitB.amountC.accountD.budgetA.raisedB.elevatedC.roaredD.soaredA.saidB.

9、recordedC.toldD.put二、专项练习 2(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A recent report on population trend conducted by the think 1 of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countriesall in the industrialized worldhave stabilized because of declining birthrates

10、. But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn“t something to 2 , because more people are dying. This trend is called “population fatigue“, and it“s beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced 3 birthrates and sharp population growth for

11、 several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, 4 at the same time confronting the falling water 5 , deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new th

12、reatinfectious disease, drought or faminecan become a 6 crisis. AIDS is a case 7 . WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, 8 , these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next deca

13、de from AIDS alone, a situation 9 since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14“h century. Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the 10 conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland 11 where it could no longer f

14、eed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or 12 in allocation will also increase tensions. The bottom

15、line is that human population growth is 13 to slow one way or the other. Developing societies will either recognize problems 14 the horizon and act to encourage smaller families or unchecked births will have their 15 in rising death rates.（分数：15.00）A.groupB.panelC.tankD.councilA.confoundB.consoleC.c

16、ongratulateD.celebrateA.diminishingB.soaringC.swervingD.plungingA.whileB.asC.neverthelessD.whereasA.tableB.levelC.scaleD.indexA.full-lengthB.full-heartedC.full-timeD.full-blownA.in mindB.in sumC.in pointD.in lineA.g.B.e.C.etc.D.et al.A.unchallengedB.unparalleledC.paralleledD.challengedA.longstanding

17、B.immortalC.tediousD.pastA.into an amountB.at a degreeC.to a pointD.by an extentA.increaseB.inclinationC.shareD.shiftA.designedB.designatedC.destinedD.definedA.onB.atC.inD.toA.valueB.costC.payD.price三、专项练习 3(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and disc

18、rimination continue to be serious problems. There was often 1 between each established group of 2 and each succeeding group. As each group became 3 financially successful, and more powerful, they 4 newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are 5 U.S. history, 6 ,

19、 this prejudicial treatment of different groups is 7 more unjust than with black Americans. Blacks had distinct 8 . For the most part, they came to the “land of opportunity“ as slaves and were not free to keep their 9 and cultural traditions. 10 most European immigrants, blacks did not have the prot

20、ection of a support group; sometimes slave owners separated members of 11 family. They could not mix easily with the 12 society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to 13 the American culture. Even after they became flee people, they were still discriminated 14 in employment

21、, housing, education, and even in public 15 , such as restrooms.（分数：15.00）A.theirB.the sameC.oneD.slaveA.formerB.originalC.existingD.establishedA.be apt toB.mix up withC.adapt toD.join inA.byB.toC.forD.againstA.facilitiesB.installmentsC.equipmentD.concernsA.intentionB.enforcementC.tendencyD.tensionA

22、.migrantsB.racistsC.immigrantsD.blacksA.lessB.muchC.moreD.littleA.excludedB.eliminatedC.includedD.eludedA.lain inB.part ofC.within that ofD.staying inA.thereforeB.moreoverC.consequentlyD.howeverA.anywhereB.nowhereC.somewhereD.everywhereA.advantagesB.disadvantagesC.meritsD.shortcomingsA.heritageB.inh

23、eritanceC.legendsD.identificationsA.FollowingB.Taking afterC.UnlikeD.Along with四、专项练习 4(总题数：1，分数：15.00)conclusive instead at length as a result survey in which persuasive target common enables an initial efficiently likely to regard particular Advertising agencies employ research for both strategic

24、and evaluative purposes. Strategic research 1 the agency to better understand how consumers use a product or service and how they 2 the product or service. Strategic research also determines the types of people most 3 buy the product. That group of people is called the 4 market. Advertisers have lim

25、ited budgets so knowing who is most likely to buy a 5 product helps them spend their advertising budget more 6 . Evaluative research is used after the advertising has run and seeks to determine how well consumers remember the advertising message and how 7 it was. Evaluative research is expensive, an

26、d 8 , many advertisers do not employ it. 9 , they try to measure the advertising“s effectiveness by analyzing sales results. Agencies use both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Agencies employ qualitative research to gain 10 understanding of the marketing situation. This research method

27、 uses open-ended questions that allow consumers to explain their values, beliefs, and behaviors 11 . Agencies use quantitative research to determine a final course of action. This type of research uses close-ended questions 12 answers are selected from a set list. This enables the researcher to dete

28、rmine the exact percentage of people who answered yes or no to a question or the exact percentage choosing answer a, b, or c. One of the most 13 quantitative research techniques is the 14 in which researchers use a questionnaire to gain information from a large group of people, called a sample. The

29、findings provided by quantitative research are therefore 15 in a way that qualitative research cannot be.（分数：15.00）同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-综合填空(二)答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、专项练习 1(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday editio

30、n 1 may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 2 . Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 3 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 4 36

31、0,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools. Major sporting 5 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed 6 Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 7 basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Adverti

32、sers paid him nine times that much to 8 their products. There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on wails, buses, and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subwayseven the doors of public toilets. 9 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevatorsand 10 we. are on hold on the t

33、elephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 11 the junk mail. 12 Insider“s Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 13 of money spent on advertising

34、 worldwide in 1990 was $275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 14 to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected $434.4 billion for 1998. Big money ! What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 15 it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell

35、more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. “（分数：15.00）A.lonelyB.alone C.singlyD.individually解析：该句作者说：仅纽约时报周日版一份报纸就包括 350页的广告。A.commerceB.consumersC.commercials D.commodities解析：该句意为：有

36、些广播电台一小时中竞用掉 40分钟来播放商业广告。commercials：(名词)商业广告。A.through B.upC.inD.about解析：该句意为：据估计，美国青年人每周要花三个小时来看商业广告。sit through：勉强看完；sit up：熬夜；sit in：参加；sit about：呆坐着。A.taken toB.spent inC.expected ofD.exposed to 解析：该句意为：美国青年人到高中毕业就要受到 36万条电视广告的影响。be exposed to：接触，使受到；be taken to：使沉溺于，受照顾：be spent in：被花在；be expe

37、cted of：被期望。A.incidentsB.affairsC.events D.programs解析：该句意为：大部分体育比赛现在都成了广告大赛。sporting events：体育活动，体育赛事。incident：事件；affair：事物；program：项目，节目。A.flashesB.billboards C.attractionsD.messages解析：该句意为：赛车成了高速广告牌(billboards)。A.top-heavyB.top-talentedC.top-secretD.top-ranking 解析：该句意为：一个一流的篮球球员打球的年薪是 390万美元。A.imp

38、roveB.promote C.urgeD.update解析：该句意为：广告商请他们为自己的产品推广做广告要付给他们 9倍的钱。promote products：推广产品。A.Audio B.StudioC.OralD.Video解析：该句意为：我们在超市、商场、电梯里甚至在拿起听筒等电话时都能听到有声广告。audio：声音的；studio：照相馆，拍摄场；oral：口语的；video：图像的。A.sinceB.while C.evenD.if解析：该句意思见上题。on hold on the telephone：拿着听筒等对方接电话。A.toss out B.lay downC.blow o

39、utD.break down解析：该句意为：在有些国家，广告用邮寄的形式寄给消费者，许多人收到后就把这些垃圾邮件(junk mail)从信箱中取出直接扔到最近的废纸篓里。toss out：丢弃，扔；lay down：放下，放弃；blow out：吹灭，爆裂；break down：毁掉，制服，拆除，抛锚，分解。A.It is said thatB.Apart fromC.According to D.Including in解析：该句意为：根据一个全球广告代理商出版的业内报告，1990 年全世界花在广告上的钱数是2755亿美元。A.digitB.amount C.accountD.budget解

40、析：该题句意见上题。A.raisedB.elevatedC.roaredD.soared 解析：该句意为：自那时到 1997年，广告的费用猛增到 4116亿美元。raise：提高；elevate：升级；roar：吼叫，怒号；soar：猛增。A.saidB.recordedC.toldD.put 解析：该句意为：这些广告的效果又怎样呢?一位分析人士这样说：“广告是一种最强有力的社会文化力量”。put it this way：(惯用法)这样说或写到。二、专项练习 2(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A recent report on population trend conducted by th

41、e think 1 of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countriesall in the industrialized worldhave stabilized because of declining birthrates. But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn“t someth

42、ing to 2 , because more people are dying. This trend is called “population fatigue“, and it“s beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced 3 birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding,

43、housing and educating an increasing number of children, 4 at the same time confronting the falling water 5 , deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threatinfectious disease, drought or faminecan become a 6 crisis. AIDS is a case 7 . WHO estimat

44、es calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, 8 , these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade from AIDS alone, a situation 9 since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14“h cent

45、ury. Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the 10 conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland 11 where it could no longer feed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likel

46、y to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or 12 in allocation will also increase tensions. The bottom line is that human population growth is 13 to slow one way or the other. Developing societies

47、will either recognize problems 14 the horizon and act to encourage smaller families or unchecked births will have their 15 in rising death rates.（分数：15.00）A.groupB.panelC.tank D.council解析：该句意为：在最近世界观察研究所智囊团提交的关于人口趋势的报告中报告了一些国家人口下降的迹象。think tank 是固定用法，意为智囊团。A.confoundB.consoleC.congratulateD.celebrat

48、e 解析：该句意为：但是有一些发展中国家人口也出现了下降的趋势，其原因并不值得庆幸，因为它是死亡率上升造成的。confound：混淆；使惊讶；console：安慰，慰问；congratulate：祝贺；celebrate：庆祝。A.diminishingB.soaring C.swervingD.plunging解析：该句意为：这种趋势我们称为“人口疲劳”。这种现象在一些过去由于出生率快速增长而造成了几十年的人口猛增的发展中国家已开始出现。diminishing：减少的；soaring：激增的；swerving：转向的；plunging：骤减的。A.while B.asC.neverthele

49、ssD.whereas解析：该句意为：这些国家的政府一方面要应付由于儿童增加而带来的粮食、住房及教育不足的问题，同时又要解决由于人口迅速增长带来的地下水位降低、森林消失以及水土流失的问题。while 这里指“同时”。A.table B.levelC.scaleD.index解析：water table：是专有名词，意为地下水位。A.full-lengthB.full-heartedC.full-timeD.full-blown 解析：该句意为：在这些国家中任何一种新的威胁，如传染病、干旱和饥荒等都会引发重大危机。full-length：全长的，全身的；full-hearted：满腔热情的，十分激动的，充满信心的；full-time：全部工作时间的，专职的；full-blown：盛开的，大的，成熟的。A.in mindB.in sumC.in point D.in line解析：该句意为：艾滋病就是一个恰当的例子。a case in point：恰当的例子。A.g.B.e. C.etc.D.et al.解析：该句意为：据世界卫生组织估算在津巴布韦和博茨瓦纳的成年人中有四分之一人感染了艾滋病病毒，也就是说仅艾滋病一项就会使这些国家在今后的十年中损失至少四分之一的劳动力。这是自 14世纪肆虐欧洲