【考研类试卷】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-72及答案解析.doc

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1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-72 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Greenhouse gas emissions for the European Union increased in 2010, despite the economic 1 and policies intended to tackle climate change. The 2 of 2.4% takes Europe further away from its international commitments to cut carbon dioxide by 2020, and runs 3

2、to advice from climate scientists, who agree that global emissions must peak by 2020 if climate change is not to become catastrophic. The European Environment Agency, which compiled the statistics, said that the rise was owing to 4 of economic recovery in some areas, and a colder winter. But the age

3、ncy, the EU“s environmental watchdog, said emissions might have been 5 still if it were not for a strong increase in the production of energy from renewable sources, 6 solar and wind. 7 the emissions rise, the EU will almost certainly meet its target to cut emissions under the 1997 Kyoto protocol (都

4、议定书), the only international agreement that 8 cuts in greenhouse gases. The EU is also still 9 to meet its target, agreed at the Copenhagen climate summit in 2009, of cutting emissions by 20% by 2020, from 1990 levels. In 2010, the use of renewable energy 10 in the EU by 12.7%, according to the EEA,

5、 which helped to constrain the rise in emissions.（分数：25.00）A.recoveryB.recessionC.revivalD.reformA.increaseB.transitionC.decreaseD.violationA.backwardB.oppositeC.counterD.againstA.signsB.cuesC.hintsD.cluesA.moreB.lowerC.higherD.worseA.apart fromB.such asC.above allD.owing toA.DespiteB.ForC.BeforeD.W

6、ithA.withholdsB.anticipatesC.speculatesD.stipulatesA.eagerB.possibleC.willingD.likelyA.remainedB.shrankC.expandedD.fluctuatedIt has happened to most of us at one time or another. You“re strolling along the pavement, when suddenly one shoe gets 11 to the ground. With a sinking feeling, you realize yo

7、u“ve stepped in chewing gumor worse. Walking through British towns and cities, it“s often 12 to avoid the litter covered across the pavements, roads and green spacesanything from food wrappers and cigarette butts to bottles, cans and plastic bags. A shocking 30m tonnes of litter are 13 from our stre

8、ets every day. 14 numerous anti-litter campaigns over the last decade, the amount of litter being dropped is not decreasing. The latest data shows that while there has been a modest 15 of 3% in the amount of litter compared to the previous year, levels have risen since 2004/05. At first glance, the

9、failure of the current strategy to reduce littering substantially is 16 . There are numerous ongoing anti-litter campaigns backed by 17 . In 2005, the government introduced the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act (CNEA) that gave local authorities new powers to 18 businesses and individuals to

10、get rid of litter from their land and to make companies help clear up the rubbish they generate. But the CNEA“s effectiveness depends on 19 local authorities implement it. It is quite possible that you could be 20 for dropping litter in one district, but cross the road on to another local authority“

11、s patch and not be punished for the same offence.（分数：25.00）A.ruinedB.splitC.stuckD.trappedA.easyB.simpleC.hardD.possibleA.removedB.locatedC.derivedD.amassedA.DespiteB.InC.WithD.ByA.variationB.increaseC.overlapD.reductionA.naturalB.puzzlingC.inevitableD.validA.conventionB.legislationC.agreementD.comm

12、itmentA.requestB.permitC.forbidD.compelA.whenB.whereC.whyD.howA.finedB.warnedC.forgivenD.blamedPeople in Europe are shivering, while people in North Asia and parts of Australia are feeling uncomfortably hot. Scientists say these weather extremes are to be expected and neither 21 can be used as a cas

13、e for or against global warming. Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization, Michel Jarraud, says people should not confuse 22 weather variability with climate change. Just because people in Geneva and elsewhere in Europe are 23 does not mean global warming has stopped. He says the 2

14、4 toward global warming is still there. “I think we have to be careful not to interpret any single event 25 a proof of either warming or the fact that warming has stopped. When scientists look at the global warming, they take into 26 much old possible available evidence. 27 , we cannot explain any s

15、ingle phenomenon by one single cause.“ He says average global surface temperatures have climbed 28 since 1850, when historical weather statistics were first recorded. “Global warming will mean that heat waves like the one we got in Western Europe in 2003 will become more 29 . But, it does not mean t

16、hat the 2003 heat wave was produced by global warming.“ he says. Scientists say human activity 30 to climate change, but they do not agree on the pace at which climate change may be unfolding.（分数：25.00）A.phenomenonB.elementC.accidentD.incidentA.nationalB.localC.globalD.urbanA.sweatingB.shiveringC.su

17、fferingD.suffocatingA.possibilityB.indicatorC.certaintyD.trendA.withB.intoC.byD.asA.accountB.estimateC.judgmentD.analysisA.HoweverB.ThusC.OtherwiseD.BesidesA.slightlyB.extensivelyC.significantlyD.violentlyA.rigorousB.moderateC.diverseD.frequentA.contributesB.appealsC.conformsD.reactsFrom a very earl

18、y age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study has tracked how low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and 31 a criminal record in their adult years. The study began with 1,000 children in New Zealand. Researchers followed them for 32 . They observed

19、the level of self-control the youngsters 33 . Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like “acting before thinking“ and “ 34 in reaching goals.“ The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University found that kids with s

20、elf-control issues 35 to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with. “The children who had the lowest self-control 36 they were age three to ten, early years, later on had the most health problems in their thirties,“ Moffitt said, “and they had the worst 37 situati

21、on. They were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent 38 a very low income.“ Moffitt said it“s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, 39 other researchers have found that it“s mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little

22、40 influence. But good self-control can run in families because children with good selfcontrol are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.（分数：25.00）A.stillB.yetC.evenD.soA.monthsB.decadesC.weeksD.periodsA.possessedB.concealedC.acquiredD.displayedA.persistenceB.cooperationC.oppor

23、tunityD.assistanceA.managedB.tendedC.stroveD.intendedA.sinceB.whereasC.becauseD.whenA.physicalB.academicC.financialD.emotionalA.onB.atC.withD.byA.afterB.ifC.thoughD.unlessA.internalB.peerC.environmentalD.genetic同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-72 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Greenhouse gas emissions for the European Uni

24、on increased in 2010, despite the economic 1 and policies intended to tackle climate change. The 2 of 2.4% takes Europe further away from its international commitments to cut carbon dioxide by 2020, and runs 3 to advice from climate scientists, who agree that global emissions must peak by 2020 if cl

25、imate change is not to become catastrophic. The European Environment Agency, which compiled the statistics, said that the rise was owing to 4 of economic recovery in some areas, and a colder winter. But the agency, the EU“s environmental watchdog, said emissions might have been 5 still if it were no

26、t for a strong increase in the production of energy from renewable sources, 6 solar and wind. 7 the emissions rise, the EU will almost certainly meet its target to cut emissions under the 1997 Kyoto protocol (都议定书), the only international agreement that 8 cuts in greenhouse gases. The EU is also sti

27、ll 9 to meet its target, agreed at the Copenhagen climate summit in 2009, of cutting emissions by 20% by 2020, from 1990 levels. In 2010, the use of renewable energy 10 in the EU by 12.7%, according to the EEA, which helped to constrain the rise in emissions.（分数：25.00）A.recoveryB.recession C.revival

28、D.reform解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个被 economic 修饰说明的名词。本文首句指出，欧盟的温室气体排放在 2010 年增加了，尽管经济_，而且出台了旨在应对气候变化的政策。句中的 despite(尽管)含有转折的意思，表明句子的前后部分思想不一致。四个选项中，A 项 recovery 意为“复苏，恢复”，C 项 revival 意为“复兴”，D 项 reform 意为“改革”。这三个选项中的任何一个都可以使温室气体排放的增加得到合理的解释，但却无法与 despite 搭配。B 项 recession 意为“衰退”，填入空格后符合常识和语义要求，是正确答

29、案。A.increase B.transitionC.decreaseD.violation解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本句大意是：2.4%的_使欧洲离它在国际上所作的至 2020 年削减二氧化碳的承诺更远了。短文第一段已经指出欧盟温室气体的排放有了增加，第二段用了具体的数字来说明增加的量。因此，A 项increase(增加)符合上下文语境，是正确答案。C 项 decrease(减少)与文意正好相反；B 项transition(转变，转换)和 D 项、violation(违反)与文意毫无关系。A.backwardB.oppositeC.counter D.against解析：考点

30、 近义词辨析 解析 本题要求填入一个表示“相反”的意思且能与介词 to 搭配的词。A 项 backward 意为“向后地，逆”，B 项 opposite 意为“相反的，对立的”，C 项 counter 意为“相反地，逆向地”，D 项 against 意为“与相反，逆”。四个选项的词义很接近，但能与介词 to 构成固定搭配的只有 C 项，run counter to 意为“违反”。A.signs B.cuesC.hintsD.clues解析：考点 近义名词辨析 解析 本句的大意是：汇编了统计数据的欧洲环境机构说，(温室气体排放量的)上升是因为一些地区经济复苏的_和更寒冷的冬天。四个选项的名词意思

31、相近，A 项 signs 意为“迹象，征兆”，B 项 cues意为“暗示，提示”，C 项 hints 意为“暗示，示意”，D 项 clues 意为“线索”。比较这四个词的词义，可以发现 A 项更符合题意，是正确答案。A.moreB.lowerC.higher D.worse解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 前一句解释了温室气体排放增加的原因，本句指出了有关温室气体排放的另一种情况，即假如没有来自可再生能源生产的强劲增长，温室气体的排放会如何?借助表达转折关系的连词 But，同时也根据常识，我们可以判断空格中应填入 C 项 higher，即温室气体的排放量还会更高。其他三个均为干扰项。A

32、.apart fromB.such as C.above allD.owing to解析：考点 对上下文逻辑关系的理解 解析 空格之前的名词短语为 energy from renewable sources(可再生能源)，空格之后的 solar and wind 意为“太阳和风”。根据常识，太阳能和风能都属于可再生能源，因此可以判断，空格处应填入表示举例关系的连接词 such as(例如)。其他选项中，apart from 意为“除之外”，above all 意为“首先，尤其”，owing to 意为“由于，因为”，它们都是干扰项。A.Despite B.ForC.BeforeD.With解析

33、：考点 对上下文逻辑关系的理解 解析 本句的大意是：_排放增加，欧盟几乎将肯定按照 1997 年京都议定书达到其减少排放的目标。可以看出，句子的后半部分意思发生转折，因此需要填入一个介词使句子前后出现一种转折关系。四个选项中，A 项 Despite 意为“虽然，尽管”，符合题目要求，是正确答案。A.withholdsB.anticipatesC.speculatesD.stipulates 解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个动词，与 cuts 构成动宾结构，且其逻辑主语为 the only international agreement(唯一的国际协议)，即 1997

34、Kyoto protocol。根据常识，这项国际性协议对温室气体的减少不可能是 withholds(保留，抑制)，也不可能是 anticipates(预期，期待)或 speculates(猜测，思索)，而应该是 stipulates(规定)。因此，正确答案为 D。A.eagerB.possibleC.willingD.likely 解析：考点 形容词辨析 解析 由句中表示递进关系的副词 also(也)可知，本句将就欧盟减少温室气体排放的目标实现问题作进一步的阐述。上一句中的 almost certainly 表示了一种比较大的可能性，那么与上一句对应，本句中也会出现表示可能性的形容词，故四个选

35、项中可排除表示主观愿望的 A 项 eager(热切的，渴望的)和 C 项willing(自愿的，心甘情愿的)。选项 B 和 D 均可表示可能性，但用 possible 一词时，句型必须是“It is possible for sb./sth. to do sth.”或“It is possible that+从句”，因此从语法角度看，B 项虽然意思对，但也不是正确答案。likely 一词在用法上，可用于句型“Sb./Sth. is likely to do.”或“It is likely that+从句”，所以是正确答案。A.remainedB.shrankC.expanded D.fluct

36、uated解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个动词，说明 2010 年欧盟再生能源的使用情况。主句后的定语从句是个很好的语篇线索，which helped to constrain the rise in emissions 意为“它帮助限制了排放量的上升”。同时，第三段的最后一句也提到，假如没有来自再生能源生产的强劲上升，排放量可能还会更高。由此可以推断，空格中应填入 C 项 expanded(扩大，扩张)。干扰项中，A 项 remained 意为“仍然是，依旧是”，B 项 shrank 意为“减少，缩小”，D 项 fluctuated 意为“波动”。It has ha

37、ppened to most of us at one time or another. You“re strolling along the pavement, when suddenly one shoe gets 11 to the ground. With a sinking feeling, you realize you“ve stepped in chewing gumor worse. Walking through British towns and cities, it“s often 12 to avoid the litter covered across the pa

38、vements, roads and green spacesanything from food wrappers and cigarette butts to bottles, cans and plastic bags. A shocking 30m tonnes of litter are 13 from our streets every day. 14 numerous anti-litter campaigns over the last decade, the amount of litter being dropped is not decreasing. The lates

39、t data shows that while there has been a modest 15 of 3% in the amount of litter compared to the previous year, levels have risen since 2004/05. At first glance, the failure of the current strategy to reduce littering substantially is 16 . There are numerous ongoing anti-litter campaigns backed by 1

40、7 . In 2005, the government introduced the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act (CNEA) that gave local authorities new powers to 18 businesses and individuals to get rid of litter from their land and to make companies help clear up the rubbish they generate. But the CNEA“s effectiveness depends

41、on 19 local authorities implement it. It is quite possible that you could be 20 for dropping litter in one district, but cross the road on to another local authority“s patch and not be punished for the same offence.（分数：25.00）A.ruinedB.splitC.stuck D.trapped解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解和搭配 解析 本题要求填入一个过去分词，说明你在人行

42、道上走路时一只鞋突然出了什么状况。根据下一个句子 you realize you“ve stepped in chewing bumor worse(你意识到自己踩上了口香糖甚至更糟糕的东西)，我们可知，踩上口香糖之类的东西后，鞋可能被黏在地面了，但不可能被破坏或分裂或困住，所以正确答案应是 C 项 stuck(黏着，附着)。而且也只有 stick 能与介词 to 搭配。ruined(毁灭，破坏)，split(分离，劈开)，trapped(陷入困境)，都是干扰项。A.easyB.simpleC.hard D.possible解析：考点 对内容的理解 解析 从本句我们了解到，人行道、马路和绿地上

43、到处都有垃圾，那么行走时要避开这些垃圾应该是不太容易的事，所以四个选项中，符合句意的为 C 项 hard(困难的)。其他选项的词义均不符合题目要求。A.removed B.locatedC.derivedD.amassed解析：考点 对内容的理解 解析 本句的意思是：每天从街上_令人震惊的 3000 万吨垃圾。四个选项中，A 项 removed 意为“除去，运走”，B 项 located 意为“找出，查出”，C 项 derived 意为“得到，引出”，D 项 amassed意为“积聚，积累”。分析句意和比较词义后我们可知，正确答案为 A。A.Despite B.InC.WithD.By解析：考

44、点 对上下文逻辑关系的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个介词，使整个句子前后逻辑通顺。整个句子的大意是：在过去十年里_无数反垃圾的运动，人们乱扔的垃圾数量并没有减少。显然，句子的后半部分意思发生转折，空格中需要填入一个能够体现前后部分转折的介词。四个选项中，A 项 Despite(尽管，虽然)符合题意的要求，是正确答案。A.variationB.increaseC.overlapD.reduction 解析：考点 对内容的理解 解析 本句的大意是：最新资料表明，虽然与前一年相比，垃圾的数量有 3%的_，自从 2004/2005年以来，(垃圾)量上升了。句中的 while(虽然)表明，主句的内容发生转

45、折，如选择 increase(增加)，则主从句的意思发生矛盾，故可首先排除 B。A 项 variation 意为“变化，变动”，C 项 overlap 意为“重叠；重复”，两者与题意不符。D 项 reduction 意为“减少；下降”，符合上下文语境的要求，是正确答案。A.naturalB.puzzling C.inevitableD.valid解析：考点 对段落观点的理解 解析 本段的首句为主题句，大意为：乍一看，目前大量减少垃圾策略的失败是_。接下来的句子围绕该主题展开说明：有无数得到支持的持续的反垃圾活动。可见，在这样的情况下这一策略失败不能说是 natural(自然的)，也不可能是 i

46、nevitable(不可避免的)，也不能认为是 valid(正当的，有根据的)，这样的失败应该是 puzzling(令人费解的)。正确答案为 B。A.conventionB.legislation C.agreementD.commitment解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本句涉及那些持续的反垃圾运动得到了什么样的支持。四个选项中，A 项 convention 意为“公约；会议”，B 项 legislation 意为“立法，法律”，C 项 agreement 意为“协议，协定”，D 项 commitment意为“承诺，保证”。下一句即“2005 年政府出台了清洁街区和环境法令”是对

47、本句的具体说明。由此可知，本句中的反垃圾运动得到了法律的支持，正确答案为 B。其他选项均不符合题意。A.requestB.permitC.forbidD.compel 解析：考点 对内容的理解 解析 本句中 that 引导的是个定语从句，从句的大致意思为：“清洁街区和环境法令”赋予地方当局新的权力，_公司和个人从自己的属地上清除垃圾并且迫使公司帮助清理自己产生的废弃物。根据常识，既然地方当局得到的是法律赋予的权力，它们就不可能去 request(请求)或 permit(许可)公司和个人清除垃圾，而是可以采用强制行动，即 D 项的 compel(强迫，迫使)符合题意，因此正确答案为 D。C 项

48、forbid意为“禁止”，与题意完全不符。A.whenB.whereC.whyD.how 解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析 本题要求填入一个恰当的疑问副词。本句的大意为：“清洁街区和环境法令”的有效性取决于地方当局_实施它。从四个选项的词义分析，D 项 how(如何)符合句意，而且从下一个句子也可了解到，不同地区的地方当局对乱扔垃圾态度并不一样。因此，正确答案为 D。C 项 why 完全不符合题意，而上下文也没有线索说明 A 项 when 或 B 项 where 是合理的答案。A.fined B.warnedC.forgivenD.blamed解析：考点 对上下文语篇线索的理解 解析

49、本句中的 but 是个表示转折关系的连接词。由 but 连接的后一部分指出，但是穿过马路到了另一地方当局管辖的地盘就不会因为同样的违反法令而受到惩罚。可以猜测，在某个地区你可能会因为乱扔垃圾而受惩罚。所以，空格中应填入一个表示“惩罚”这一类意思的词。A 项 fined 意为“罚款”符合题意，是正确答案。B 项 warned(警告)和 D 项 blamed(责备)不能算是惩罚，C 项 forgiven(原谅，宽恕)则完全不符合题意。People in Europe are shivering, while people in North Asia and parts of Australia are feeling uncomfortably hot. Scientists say these weather extremes are to be expected and neither 21 can be used as a case for or again