【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医基础理论(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医基础理论(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. American Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural and historic museums in the world and one of

2、 the main natural history research and education centres in the United States, set up in 1869 and located in the west of the Central Park, Manhattan District, New York. It (1) 7 hectares in its total area, (2) classical types of buildings. The (3) of ancient creatures and humanity is (4) the first p

3、lace of all the museums in the world, (5) the representative samples from South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia were collected, besides those from the (6) country, the United States. In the museum, there are five kinds of exhibits, including astronomy, mineralogy, human history, and anim

4、als in the (7) times and those in modern times. There are thirty-eight exhibition halls with different (8) from 500 to 1,500 square metres. Besides these, there is a Roosevelt Memorial Hall in (9) of President Roosevelt who supported the (10) of the museum, which is also used to have a special exhib

5、ition, showing the new important (11) on natural sciences and (12) affairs and social problems, and special topics connected closely with the life of the citizens. Besides this, it is also used for avocation (13) to have all kinds of scientific activities in the laboratories, centres of natural scie

6、nce and centres for citizens. There are more than 10 (14) research departments mainly (15) for collection of samples, research and work of publication. In the museum, there are (16) and sub-libraries of Aulspond ancient amniote, with about 300 thousand books and magazines (17) natural history, many

7、of (18) are very valuable monographs for the first edition. It has published many expert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materials, (19) which are the two magazines, Natural History and Members of Museum that have the biggest (20) of their magazines.（分数：10.00）(1).A explores B d

8、emonstrates C expands D covers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A with B of C in D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A display B fossil C analysis D collection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A in B of C by D at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A where B that C which D whose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A wholesome B feasible C native D weird（分数：0.50）A.B.C

9、.D.(7).A original B contemporary C opposite D ancient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A regions B areas C sites D venues（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A proposition B memory C profile D quotation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A cause B fate C property D fortune（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A obstacles B discoveries C obligations D invent

10、ions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A present B crucial C current D prevalent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A fans B lovers C addicts D actors（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A subject B declaration C course D rehearsal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A evident B reliable C responsible D excessive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A libraries B clinic

11、C congress D lobby（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A of B for C from D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A whom B what C which D that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A in B by C for D among（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A publication B symposium C circulation D tactic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.0

12、0)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school

13、 personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program,

14、manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, ca

15、n significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive ch

16、annels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the a

17、dvice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poo

18、r work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and

19、 the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea conveyed in the above text is thatA home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B teachers can and should help parents to

20、understand and further the objectives of the school.C there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.D parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author directly discusses the fact thatA parents drill their children too

21、much in arithmetic.B principals have explained the new art programs to parents.C a parents misguided efforts can be properly directed.D a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can reasonably be inferred that the authorA is satisfied with present relation

22、ships between home and school.B feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program.C believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel.D feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present.（分

23、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favorA suggestions by the teacher to a parent in regard to improving the students scholastic average.B written communications to the parent from the teacher.C having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught

24、.D principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author does not directly state, but implies thatA participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones achievement in that area.B too many children are lazy and have poor work habit

25、s.C school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals

26、 for fur, leather, wool, and food. They have mounted protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild. And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development. The occasion for these added emphases was th

27、e publication in 1975 of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals“ by Peter Singer, formerly a professor of philosophy at Oxford University in England. This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement. The post-1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their

28、 predecessors, and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical. Many new organizations are formed. The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public. Since the mid-1980s there have been frequent news reports about animal right organizations picketin

29、g stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals. Some of the extreme organizations advocate the use of assault, armed terrorism, and death threats to make their point. Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to p

30、revent hunters from killing animals, most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions. The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed. Companies are reducing reliance on animal testing. Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the rel

31、uctance of younger workers to use animals in research. New tests have been developed to replace the use of animals. Some well-known designers have stopped using fur. While the public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing go

32、ods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem, since fibers used to make fake fur such as the Japanese invention Kane car on can look almost identical to real fur. Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their orga

33、nizations. But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.（分数：10.00）(1). 1975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because_. A many people began to call for humane treatment of anim

34、als that year B a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement C the environmentalists began to show interest in animal protection D the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme mea

35、ns in order to_. A wipe out cruel people B stop using animals in the laboratory C attack hunters in the wild D catch full public attention（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3). When the author says that “the results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed“ (in Para. 3), he means the protest and other tacti

36、cs_. A have produced desired effects B almost amounted to nothing C have some influence on the public D have proved to be too radical（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “marshaling“ (in the last paragraph) probably means_. A conducting B popularizing C changing D outraging（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5). It seems th

37、at the author of this article_. A is strongly opposed to the animal rights movement B is in favor of the animal rights movement C supports the use of violence in animal protection D hates the use of fake fur for clothes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you leave a loaded weapon lying aroun

38、d, it is bound to go off sooner or later. Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as part of a row about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across to France on the Atlantic sea

39、board, gas supplies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail could still be depended on now it was an ally ( of sorts). Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure. Fearing the threat to its reputation as a supplie

40、r, Russia rapidly restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an uncomfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that imports roughly half its gas and that Grard Mestrallet, boss of Suez, a French water and power company, expects to be importing 80% of its gas by 2030-

41、much of it from Russia. It was scarcely more welcome for America, which condemned Russias tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the worlds oil, but produces only 3% of the stuff. Over the coming years, the worlds dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate on the Middle East, particul

42、arly Saudi Arabia. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative. Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of 1973-74, Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing turmoil and a global recessio

43、n. When consumers had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5m barrels a day (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out. With oil costing $ 60 a barrel, five times more than the

44、nominal price in 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the producers for the first time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long todays tight markets will last. “It took us a long time to get there and it wil

45、l take us a long time to get back,“ says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as “The Death of Oil“ predict that so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always have pricing power. The question is how worried consumers should be

46、. What are the threats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim realism, but not for outright panic.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “now“ of the first paragraph denotes_. A because of the fact (that) B for the time being

47、C currently D at present（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A Worry of the energy weapon is of a long history in the snow-covered northern Europe. B The dispute with Ukraine was resolved without any delay and gas supply was restored. C The risks for a gas-impor

48、ting continent were exposed in the recent Russian-Ukrainian incident. D Russian gas had long appeared to be a beneficial alternative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).USA, according to the text, disapproved of Russian expedient in that_. A most often it works wonder B Americans never welcome Europeans C Russians hardly produce consuming stuff D it depends heavily on oil import（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the last paragraph, since the early 1980s consumers_. A can not afford gas and oil B have encountered grim situation C can avoid outright panic D have had the upper hand（