【考研类试卷】考研英语（阅读）-试卷72及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 72 及答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：32.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part B_ASome archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in sout

2、hern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep

3、valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s. BIn another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now M

4、exico City at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city“s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. CHow do archaeologists know where to find wh

5、at they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the

6、 larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. DSurveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photo

7、graphs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed. ETo find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods an

8、d a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interes

9、t or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields. FMost archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed

10、from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers“ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for ting engraved seals attri

11、buted to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans“s interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knoso s), on the island of Crete, in 1900. GGround surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where d

12、igs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by usin

13、g such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of

14、 archaeological research. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AMany studies conclude that children with highly involved fathers, in relation to children with less involved fathers, tend to be more cognitively and socially competent, less inclined toward gender stereotyping, more empa

15、thic, and psychologically better adjusted. Commonly, these studies investigate both paternal warmth and paternal involvement and find using simple correlations that the two variables are related to each other and to youth outcomes. BBoys seemed to conform to the sex-role standards of their culture w

16、hen their relationships with their fathers were warm, regardless of how “masculine“ the fathers were, even though warmth and intimacy have traditionally been seen as feminine characteristics. A similar conclusion was suggested by research on other aspects of psychosocial adjustment and on achievemen

17、t: Paternal warmth or closeness appeared beneficial, whereas paternal masculinity appeared irrelevant. CThe critical question is: How good is the evidence that fathers“ amount of involvement, without taking into account its content and quality, is consequential for children, mothers, or fathers them

18、selves? The associations with desirable outcomes found in much research are actually with positive forms of paternal involvement, not involvement per se. Involvement needs to be combined with qualitative dimensions of paternal behavior through the concept of “positive paternal involvement“ developed

19、 here. DCommonly, researchers assessed the masculinity of fathers and of sons and then correlated the two sets of scores. Many behavioral scientists were surprised to discover that no consistent results emerged from this research until they examined the quality of the father-son relationship. Then t

20、hey found that when the relationship between masculine fathers and their sons was warm and loving, the boys were indeed more masculine. Later, however, researchers found that the masculinity of fathers per se did not seem to make much difference after all. As summarized by: EThe second domain in whi

21、ch a substantial amount of research has been done on the influence of variations in father love deals with father involvement, that is, with the amount of time that fathers spend with their children(engagement), the extent to which fathers make themselves available to their children(accessibility),

22、and the extent to which they take responsibility for their children“ s care and welfare(responsibility). FIt is unclear from these studies whether involvement and warmth make independent or joint contributions to youth outcomes. Moreover, “caring for“ children is not necessarily the same thing as “c

23、aring about“ them. Indeed, Lamb concluded from his review of studies of paternal involvement that it was not the simple fact of paternal engagement(i.e., direct interaction with the child), availability, or responsibility for child care that was associated with these outcomes. Rather, it appears tha

24、t the quality of the father-child relationship made the greatest difference. J. H. Pleck reiterated this conclusion when he wrote: GResearch by Veneziano and Rohner supports these conclusions. In a biracial sample of 63 African American and European American children, the authors found from multiple

25、 regression analyses that father involvement by itself was associated with children“s psychological adjustment primarily insofar as it was perceived by youths to be an expression of paternal warmth(acceptance).HMany studies looking exclusively at the influence of variations in father love deal with

26、two topics:(a)gender role development and(b)father involvement Studies of gender role development emerged prominently in the 1940s and continued through the 1970s. This was a time when fathers were considered to be especially important as gender role models for sons. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填

27、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_AYou may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what you“ve made in the past. They might ask you about your impressions of the company and the people who in

28、terviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the who, what and when, because they might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will

29、conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say. BBesides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of the questions they ask, what they most really want to know is how well you“ll fit into the team, if you“ll cause t

30、hem more work instead of less, and if they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing ladder climber! CAlways research a company before you interview, and remember

31、 that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens! DJob interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web. But no career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job i

32、nterview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But, while there are many canned interview questions, there are few canned a

33、nswers. The rest is up to you. EBe prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If you“re called back for more interviews, it means that they“re interested in you. But, it doesn“t mean you“re a shoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition,

34、so keep up the good work! FTo put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really don“t know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in interviewing techniques. They“re a little nervous too, just like you. S

35、ome don“t even prepare in advance. This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, it“s not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job. GAfter interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter

36、to each of your interviewers. It“s professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor. HRemember, it“s a two-way street. It“s the employer“s chance to judge you, but it“s also very much your chance to judge the employer. In fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the ri

37、ght questions, you“ 11 put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, you“ re probably doing well. Order: （分数：12.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_考研英语（阅读）-试卷 72 答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：32.00)1.Section II Reading Compre

38、hension_解析：2.Part B_解析：ASome archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been locate

39、d by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City sub

40、way in the 1970s. BIn another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the worl

41、d. The researchers mapped not only the city“s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. CHow do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they

42、survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. DSurveys can cover a single large settlement o

43、r entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and de

44、nsity of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed. ETo find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types

45、of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields. FMost archaeological sites, howeve

46、r, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for s

47、even years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers“ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for ting engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans“s interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knoso s), on the island of Crete, in 1900. GGround surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will