【考研类试卷】考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编8及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编 8及答案解析(总分:52.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:6,分数:52.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._动物的权利问题 1997 年英译汉及详解 Do animals have rights? This is how the question is
2、 usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.【F1】 Actually, it isn“t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.【F2】 Some phil
3、osophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is
4、 only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply
5、to somebody who says “I don“t like this contract“? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.【F3】 It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the considerati
6、on humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it.【F4】 Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant resp
7、ect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistakea sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalen
8、t to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.“ In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoningthe ethical equivalent of learning to crawlis to weigh others“ interests against one“s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imaginati
9、on: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.【F5】 When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind“s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.(分数:10.00)(1).【
10、F1】(分数:2.00)_(2).【F2】(分数:2.00)_(3).【F3】(分数:2.00)_(4).【F4】(分数:2.00)_(5).【F5】(分数:2.00)_能源危机及影响 1991 年英译汉及详解 The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely
11、 or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.【F1】 The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. 【F2】 New sources of energy must be
12、found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance
13、at all. To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world“s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twen
14、ty-first century opens. 【F3】 The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001? To begin
15、with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand
16、 food production to fill the additional mouths.【F4】 This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United Sta
17、tes will no longer be a great food-exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home. In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives.【F5】 Until
18、such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food“.(分数:10.00)(1).【F1】(分数:2.00)_(2).【F2】(分数:2.00)_(3).【F3】(分数:2.00)_(4).【F4】(分数:2.00)_(5).【F5】(分数:2.00)_男性从事“女性”职业 1988 年英译
19、汉及详解 Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient. Stylishly dressed, the firm“s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease. The company was pleased:【F1】 Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in pers
20、onal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.【F2】 Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and
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