【考研类试卷】考研英语（完形填空）-试卷69及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 69 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The rigid higher-education business is about to experience a welcome earthquake

2、. Traditional universities now face a new【C1】_in the form of massive open online courses, or MOOCs. These digitally-delivered courses, which teach students via the【C2】_or tablet apps, have big 【C3】_over then-established rivals. With low startup costs and powerful economies of scale, online courses【C

3、4】_lower the price of learning and【C5】_access to it, by【C6】_the need for students to be taught at set times or places. The low cost of【C7】_coursescreating a new one costs about $70,000means they can be sold【C8】_, or even given away. Clayton Christensen of Harvard Business School considers MOOCs a【C9

4、】_ “disruptive technology“ that will kill off many【C10】_universities. “Fifteen years from now more than half of the universities in America will be in bankruptcy,“ he【C11】_last year. 【C12】_, traditional universities have a few favorable aspects. As well as teaching, examining and certification, coll

5、ege education creates social capital. Students learn how to【C13】_ present themselves, make contacts and roll joints. How can a digital college experience give all of that? The answer may be to【C14】_the two. Anant Agarwal, who runs edX-, one of established MOOCs, proposes an alternative to the【C15】_A

6、merican four-year degree course. Students could spend an introductory year learning via a MOOC, 【C16】_by two years attending university and a final year starting part-time work while【C17】_their studies online. This sort of【C18】_learning might prove more attractive than a four-year online degree. It

7、could also【C19】_those who want to integrate learning with work or child-rearing, freeing them from timetables assembled to【C20】_academics.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.followerB.innovatorC.competitorD.programmer(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.webB.wallC.blackboardD.keyboard(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.consequencesB.dispute

8、sC.influencesD.advantages(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.slightlyB.gentlyC.slowlyD.dramatically(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.weakenB.widenC.fastenD.stop(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.removingB.satisfyingC.limitingD.allowing(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.dismissingB.displacingC.providingD.intensifying(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.cheaplyB.freelyC.expensively

9、D.extensively(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.harmoniousB.forcefulC.commonD.flexible(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.creativeB.modernC.inefficientD.promising(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.remindedB.predictedC.recalledD.argued(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Moreover(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.debateB.listenC.speakD.read(14).

10、【C14】（分数：2.00）A.separateB.superviseC.selectD.combine(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.perplexingB.balancedC.exceptionalD.standard(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.indicatedB.followedC.competedD.compared(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.finishingB.neglectingC.abandoningD.restricting(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.continuousB.blendedC.linkedD.inevita

11、ble(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.frighten offB.draw inC.keep awayD.count on(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.divideB.easeC.interruptD.suitPeople“s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】_from 1960 to 2007, Ulrike Malmendier of the University of Californi

12、a at Berkeley and his cooperator found that people who【C2】_high returns on the stock market【C3】_in life were, years later, likelier to report a higher tolerance for risk, to own shares and to invest a bigger slice of their【C4】_in shares. But【C5】_to economic turmoil appears to suppress people“s appet

13、ite for risk【C6】_of their personal financial losses. That is the【C7】_of a paper by Samuli Knupfer of London Business School and two co-authors. In the early 1990s a severe recession caused Finland“s GDP to【C8】_by 10% and unemployment to【C9】_from 3% to 16%. Using detailed data on tax, unemployment an

14、d military conscription (draft), the authors were able to【C10】_the investment choices of those【C11】_by Finland“s “Great Depression“. Controlling for age, education, gender and【C12】_status, they found that those in occupations, industries and regions hit harder by unemployment were【C13】_likely to own

15、 stocks a decade later. Individuals“ personal misfortunes, however, could explain at most half of the【C14】_in stock ownership, the authors reckon. They【C15】_the remainder to “changes in beliefs and preferences“ that are not easily measured. This seems【C16】_with a growing body of research that links

16、a low tolerance of risk to 【C17】_emotional trauma (a severe shock). Studies have found, for example, that natural【C18】_such as the tsunami (a large destructive wave) that hit South-East Asia in 2004 and military【C19】_such as the Korean war can render their victims more【C20】_for years.（分数：40.00）(1).【

17、C1】（分数：2.00）A.environmentsB.financesC.atmospheresD.capabilities(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.noticedB.undertakenC.survivedD.experienced(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.laterB.soonerC.lowlierD.earlier(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.debtsB.assetsC.insurancesD.goods(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.exposureB.accessC.commitmentD.addiction(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）

18、A.typicalB.pessimisticC.irrespectiveD.composed(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.associationC.conclusionD.explanation(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.sinkB.climbC.remainD.extend(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.recedeB.spinC.sneakD.soar(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.analyzeB.ensureC.integrateD.stabilize(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.impressedB.affecte

19、dC.killedD.processed(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.symbolicB.maritalC.promisingD.positive(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.lessC.sameD.most(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.variationB.successC.increaseD.withdrawal(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.adjustB.adaptC.attributeD.apply(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.complexB.disconnectedC.consistentD.confusing

20、(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.formalB.particularC.objectiveD.past(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.disastersB.wondersC.phenomenaD.resources(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.celebrationsB.frontiersC.conflictsD.records(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.challengingB.strongC.understandingD.cautious考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 69 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of En

21、glish(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The rigid higher-education business is about to experience a welcome earthquake. Traditional universities now face a new【C1】_in the

22、 form of massive open online courses, or MOOCs. These digitally-delivered courses, which teach students via the【C2】_or tablet apps, have big 【C3】_over then-established rivals. With low startup costs and powerful economies of scale, online courses【C4】_lower the price of learning and【C5】_access to it,

23、 by【C6】_the need for students to be taught at set times or places. The low cost of【C7】_coursescreating a new one costs about $70,000means they can be sold【C8】_, or even given away. Clayton Christensen of Harvard Business School considers MOOCs a【C9】_ “disruptive technology“ that will kill off many【C

24、10】_universities. “Fifteen years from now more than half of the universities in America will be in bankruptcy,“ he【C11】_last year. 【C12】_, traditional universities have a few favorable aspects. As well as teaching, examining and certification, college education creates social capital. Students learn

25、 how to【C13】_ present themselves, make contacts and roll joints. How can a digital college experience give all of that? The answer may be to【C14】_the two. Anant Agarwal, who runs edX-, one of established MOOCs, proposes an alternative to the【C15】_American four-year degree course. Students could spen

26、d an introductory year learning via a MOOC, 【C16】_by two years attending university and a final year starting part-time work while【C17】_their studies online. This sort of【C18】_learning might prove more attractive than a four-year online degree. It could also【C19】_those who want to integrate learning

27、 with work or child-rearing, freeing them from timetables assembled to【C20】_academics.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.followerB.innovatorC.competitor D.programmer解析：解析：空后的 massive open online courses(大规模的在线课程)与主语(传统大学)对应，结合下句 rivals(竞争对手)，可推断，传统大学与在线课程是竞争关系，故选 C 项 competitor“竞争对手”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.we

28、b B.wallC.blackboardD.keyboard解析：解析：空格后的 or 表明其前后是并列关系，因此空格处的词跟 tablet(平板电脑)意思相近，结合主语中 digitally-delivered(数字化)，可知 A 项 web“网页”为答案。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.consequencesB.disputesC.influencesD.advantages 解析：解析：空格前提到“新的课程是通过平板电脑的应用软件来授课”，这显然是比传统大学先进的地方，故选 D 项 advantages“优势”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.slightlyB.gentl

29、yC.slowlyD.dramatically 解析：解析：由下一句的 they can be sold，even given away(甚至免费对外开放)，可看出学习成本“急剧”下降，故选 D 项 dramatically“极大地”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.weakenB.widen C.fastenD.stop解析：解析：本句提到“在线课程启动成本低，还具备强大的规模经济效益”，这些优势势必使在线课程不断扩大，而进入这些课程的通道势必会变宽，故选 B 项 widen“拓宽”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.removing B.satisfyingC.limitingD

30、.allowing解析：解析：本句的主语是 online courses，在线课程是根本不需要学生在固定的时间和场所进行学习的，故选 A 项 removing“去除”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.dismissingB.displacingC.providing D.intensifying解析：解析：空格后的两个破折号之间的插入成分是对 The low cost of_ourses 的解释说明，所以空格要填的词对应于 creating，只有 C 项 providing“提供”符合要求。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.cheaply B.freelyC.expensivelyD

31、.extensively解析：解析：此空后的 or 表明前后是并列关系，前后两词应该意思相近，而 or 后面还有一个表“递进”的 even(甚至)，故此空应选跟 given away“赠送”意思相近，但程度较轻的词。A 项 cheaply“便宜地”符合要求。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.harmoniousB.forceful C.commonD.flexible解析：解析：下一句的 he 也指的是 Clayton 本人，从引号里的话(许多美国大学将破产)可看出这项“颠覆性技术”的强大，故选 B 项 forceful“强大的”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.creative

32、B.modernC.inefficient D.promising解析：解析：上文提到，在线课程有低成本和规模经济的效益，而面对这种低成本的课程，联系下句的bankruptcy，可推断，被淘汰的大学势必是那些办学不力的大学，故选 C 项 inefficient“效率低下的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.remindedB.predicted C.recalledD.argued解析：解析：引号里说的是 15 年后的事情，而主句里的时间点是去年，所以判断这是去年对未来的预测，故选 B 项 predicted“预测”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.B

33、esidesC.However D.Moreover解析：解析：上一段在阐述在线课程相对于传统大学的优势：低成本和规模效益，而本段说的是传统大学的优点，所以构成转折关系，故选 C 项 However“但是”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.debate B.listenC.speakD.read解析：解析：本段陈述传统大学的优势，由本段最后一句“数字化大学能给予这些吗”，推断此空需填的词是传统大学有而在线课程无法给予的，故选 A 项 debate“辩论”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.separateB.superviseC.selectD.combine 解析：解析：第

34、 l 段说的是在线课程的优势，第 2 段阐述传统大学的王牌，各有优点，要让呆板的传统大学得到完善，肯定是要取两者之长了，且下一句有人提出取代美国传统的四年制大学教育的替代方案也印证了这点，故选 D 项 combine“使结合”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.perplexingB.balancedC.exceptionalD.standard 解析：解析：本句是说 Anant 提出取代美国传统的四年制大学教育的替代方案，联系本文第 1 段开头的“古板的高等教育行业”，可知此处需要一个类似于 rigid(古板的)或类似于第 1 段重复出现的traditional 的词，而根据常理也可

35、知美国如今传统大学都是四年制，故选 D 项 standard“标准的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.indicatedB.followed C.competedD.compared解析：解析：本句是在说明上一句 Anant 提出取代美国传统四年制大学教育的方案：先是一年的 MOOC 课程，然后是两年的大学生活，最后一年开始兼职。故此空需要一个表时间承接的词，选 B 项followed“紧接着”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.finishing B.neglectingC.abandoningD.restricting解析：解析：本句在解释上一句 Anant 提出取代美

36、国传统四年制大学教育的方案：先是一年的 MOOC 课程，然后是两年的大学生活，所以最后一年开始兼职时也得在线完成学业；强调的是四年学业完成方式的转变，最符合是 A 项 finishing“完成”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.continuousB.blended C.linkedD.inevitable解析：解析：本句把这种学习模式与单纯四年的在线学习作了比较，This 指代上一句中的学习方式，这是一种在线与传统相结合的学习模式，故选 B 项 blended“混合的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.frighten offB.draw in C.keep awayD.

37、count on解析：解析：由 also 可知本句是承接上一句，所以此处需要一个对应上一句 attractive 的词，对于那些想要兼顾学习、工作或家庭的人，这种课程肯定受欢迎，故选 B 项 draw in“吸引”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.divideB.easeC.interruptD.suit 解析：解析：freeing 的主语 it 指代上文的“混合式学习模式”，them 指代那些想要兼顾学习、工作或家庭的人，此处说的是这种学习模式能把这些人从固定好的时间表中解放出来，呆板的传统大学之所以被人提议取代，就是因为传统大学要求学生在固定的时间地点去学习，这种组合起来的固定时

38、间表是为了让学生完成学业，故选 D 项 suit“适应”。People“s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】_from 1960 to 2007, Ulrike Malmendier of the University of California at Berkeley and his cooperator found that people who【C2】_high returns on the stock ma

39、rket【C3】_in life were, years later, likelier to report a higher tolerance for risk, to own shares and to invest a bigger slice of their【C4】_in shares. But【C5】_to economic turmoil appears to suppress people“s appetite for risk【C6】_of their personal financial losses. That is the【C7】_of a paper by Samu

40、li Knupfer of London Business School and two co-authors. In the early 1990s a severe recession caused Finland“s GDP to【C8】_by 10% and unemployment to【C9】_from 3% to 16%. Using detailed data on tax, unemployment and military conscription (draft), the authors were able to【C10】_the investment choices o

41、f those【C11】_by Finland“s “Great Depression“. Controlling for age, education, gender and【C12】_status, they found that those in occupations, industries and regions hit harder by unemployment were【C13】_likely to own stocks a decade later. Individuals“ personal misfortunes, however, could explain at mo

42、st half of the【C14】_in stock ownership, the authors reckon. They【C15】_the remainder to “changes in beliefs and preferences“ that are not easily measured. This seems【C16】_with a growing body of research that links a low tolerance of risk to 【C17】_emotional trauma (a severe shock). Studies have found,

43、 for example, that natural【C18】_such as the tsunami (a large destructive wave) that hit South-East Asia in 2004 and military【C19】_such as the Korean war can render their victims more【C20】_for years.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.environmentsB.finances C.atmospheresD.capabilities解析：解析：本句是用对美国家庭的调查证明第 1

44、 句的观点，根据第 l 句的 financial 以及本句后面提及的 stock market，returns，shares，invest 等信息可知空格处应填跟 financial 相关的词，故选 B 项finance“财务状况”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.noticedB.undertakenC.survivedD.experienced 解析：解析：本句是第 l 句的说明，解释人们的“财政历史”与“风险偏好”之间的具体关系。people who _ high returnsin life 对应于“财政历史”，既然是“财政历史”，肯定是生命早期在股市经历过高回报的人，故选 D

45、项 experienced“经历”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.laterB.soonerC.lowlierD.earlier 解析：解析：本句是在解释人们的财政历史对于是否愿意冒风险的具体影响。空格后说到多年后人们更可能去购买股票，对应于这个 years later，可知这里要表达人们早前在股市中的状况，故选 D 项earlier“早前”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.debtsB.assets C.insurancesD.goods解析：解析：本空格前的 and 表明这里有三个不定式并列，因此意思也相近，第一个意为“对风险有更高的承受力”，第二个意为“拥有股票”，而此处说

46、“把更大一部分_投到股票中”，愿意冒险肯定是把自己的钱拿去投资，故选 B 项 assets“资产”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.exposure B.accessC.commitmentD.addiction解析：解析：第 1 段的 high returns 和 a higher tolerance for risk 说明了财政历史对于风险偏好的积极影响。本段开头的 But 暗示下文的内容与上文的内容相反。所以判断这里要表达人们经历经济混乱，economic turmoil 是不好的经历，需要一个贬义词，故选 A 项 exposure“暴露”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.t

47、ypicalB.pessimisticC.irrespective D.composed解析：解析：下文的例子是对本句的说明，本段的倒数第 2 句提到 personal misfortunes could explain at most half of the_ in stock ownership(个人的不幸最多只能解释一半的股票所有权变动)，这是不太肯定个人损失对于是否去冒险的影响，故选 C 项 irrespective of“不管”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.associationC.conclusion D.explanation解析：解析：本句首的 That 说的是上一句是伦敦商学院 Samuli 所写论文的_；本句是具体的事例，判断下文是例子。下文的 found，explain 等表明 Samuli 等人做了研究，本句就是经过研究而得出的结论了，故选 C 项 conclusion“结论”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.sink B.climbC.remainD.extend解析：解析：由空格前的 severe recession(经济严重衰退)，可推断 GDP 肯定是下降了，故选 A 项sink“下落”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.reced