【考研类试卷】考研英语（二）模拟试卷126及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 126 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But

2、 research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in and 【C1】_ itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 【C2】_ mood to a better relationship, can be the result of the 【C3】_ act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available. Even when you are

3、nt feeling happy, smile can help【C4】_your mood. Darwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 【C5】_ expressions can influence our【C6】_experience, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 【C7】_ Darwin s assertion that expressions do not just resu

4、lt from moods, but actually influence them. Smiling more may actually【C8】_your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 【C9】_ heart rate after stressful events. So,【C10】_smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add【C11】_y

5、ears to your life. People who smile more tend to be more 【C12】_, joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more successful【C13】_. An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. Th

6、e larger the smile, the【C14】_likely divorce was later in life.【C15】_, those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced. When Mother Teresa said “Every time you smile at someone, it is . a【C16】_to that person, a beautiful thing“, she was right. One study【C17】_by

7、 Hewlett Packard found that seeing anothers smile stimulated the heart and【C18】_more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true【C19】_viewing the smile of a child. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the S

8、candinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to【C20】_when someone else is smiling.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC.byD.of(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.impressedB.improvedC.importantD.imposed(3).【

9、C3】（分数：2.00）A.pureB.easyC.simpleD.brief(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.sackB.shiftC.slipD.switch(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.facialB.superficialC.externalD.inner(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inwardB.outwardC.emotionalD.explicit(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.formalizedB.declaredC.implementedD.validated(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.executeB.expandC.examineD

10、.expect(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.acceleratingB.decreasingC.facilitatingD.increasing(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.leadingB.addingC.contributingD.resorting(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.a littleB.littleC.fewD.a few(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.dispassionateC.severeD.cautious(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.careerB.lifespanC.marriageD.f

11、riendship(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.worseC.lessD.better(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.ConsequentlyB.MoreoverC.ConverselyD.Otherwise(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.giftB.regardC.wishD.grace(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.discoveredB.convertedC.preparedD.conducted(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.stomachB.brainC.mindsetD.desire(19).【C19】（分数：2.00

12、）A.yetB.whenC.thoughD.unless(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.sneerB.blinkC.frownD.breathe二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The battle between Apple and law en

13、forcement officials over unlocking a terrorists smart-phone is the climax of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government. On the one side, you have the United States government s mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympa

14、thetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderers phone. The action stems from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the F.B.I. unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, Calif, in December. In the other corner is the wo

15、rld s most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy D. Cook, has said he will appeal the court s order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the Am

16、erican government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere. There will probably be months of legal tussling, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple

17、 dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public s collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data. Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech com

18、panies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what s to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Chinese or the Iranians? Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it pro

19、actively, before a suspected terrorist at tackleaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. Yet it s worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. “If theyre any

20、where near worth their salt as engineers, I bet theyre rethinking their threat model as we speak,“ said Jonathan Zdziarski, who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.（分数：10.00）(1).In Paragraph 1, “a slow turning of the tables“ probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.fighting under the tableB.reversing a sit

21、uation slowlyC.beating the opponent slowlyD.performing a good drama(2).What is the United States government fighting for?（分数：2.00）A.The strong legal and security power.B.The basic rights of the poor.C.The data in a bad guy s phone.D.The authority of the federal court.(3).Which of the following is NO

22、T true according to Paragraphs 3-4?（分数：2.00）A.Apple is against the courts order.B.Apple claims it s fighting for most people s benefits.C.Apple thinks it does matter to protect the data from any government intruder.D.Apple has got support from the court and the public.(4).The reasons for Apple to pr

23、otect these data exclude_.（分数：2.00）A.its business depends on these dataB.it s fatal to unlock these data for AppleC.every government wants to get these dataD.the unlock of these data will bring Apple into a dilemma(5).According to the text, which side will win the fight?（分数：2.00）A.Tech companies.B.T

24、he United States government.C.It s not clear.D.There is no winner.If you watched a certain swimmers Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 4100-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar

25、fight, the purple dots actually are signs of “cupping,“ an ancient Chinese healing practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment. In cupping, practitioners of the healing techniqueor sometimes the athletes themselves place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to c

26、reate suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slightly up and away from the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for only a few minutes, but its enough time to cause the capillaries just beneath the surface to rupture, creating the circular, eye-catching bruises that have b

27、een so visible on Phelps as well as members of the United States mens gymnastics team. Physiologically, cupping is thought to draw blood to the affected area, reducing soreness and speeding healing of overworked muscles. Athletes who use it swear by it, saying it keeps them injury free and speeds re

28、covery. Phelps posted an Instagram photo showing himself stretched on a table as his Olympic swimming teammate Allison Schmitt placed several cups along the back of his thighs. “Thanks for my cupping today!“ he wrote. While theres no question that many athletes, coaches and trainers believe in the t

29、reatment, theres not much science to determine whether cupping offers a real physiological benefit or whether the athletes simply are enjoying a placebo effect. “A placebo effect is present in all treatments, and I am sure that it is substantial in the case of cupping as well,“ said Leonid Kalichman

30、, a senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. “A patient can feel the treatment and has marks after it, and this can contribute to a placebo effect.“ One 2012 study of 61 people with chronic neck pain compared cupping to a technique called progressive muscle relaxation, or PMR

31、, during which a patient deliberately tenses his muscles and then focuses on relaxing them. About half the patients used cupping while the other half used PMR. Both patient groups reported similar reductions in pain after 12 weeks of treatment. Notably, the patients who had used cupping scored highe

32、r on measurements of well-being and felt less pain when pressure was applied to the area. Even so, the researchers noted that more study is needed to determine the potential benefits of cupping.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the passage that Michael Phelps_.（分数：2.00）A.is involved in a bar fightB.cu

33、ps himselfC.is a member of US mens 4100-meter relay teamD.and his swimming team members have the purple dots on their shoulders(2).In cupping, practitioners of the healing technique use the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.heatB.a cupC.a circleD.an air pump(3).Which of the following is NOT the effect of

34、 cupping mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Curing cold.B.Less soreness.C.Quick recovery.D.Avoiding getting injured.(4).It can be inferred that a placebo effect occurs simply because_.（分数：2.00）A.it has been proved by scienceB.patients have the expectation that it will be helpfulC.patients usually a

35、re athletes, coaches and trainersD.it has an evident physiological effect(5).From the study, we know that compared with progressive muscle relaxation(PMR), cupping_.（分数：2.00）A.has more potential benefits for healthB.needs more time of treatmentC.is more popular among peopleD.is more effective for pe

36、ople with chronic neck painWhen it comes to Barbie s body, it will no longer be one size fits all. On Thursday, Mattel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic fashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in a

37、n assortment of skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles. The move is about more than just making Barbie look different. While Barbie was once Mattels powerhouse brand, sales have plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who pla

38、y with toys other than dolls. “This is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned away from Barbie back to Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website. But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the p

39、opularity of the 57-year-old Barbie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in recent years. Executives have been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie s in-store sales began picking up last year. The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys

40、toward electronics and games in recent years, as many parents and children have clamored for less gender-specific toys. Even Lego, the world s top toymaker, has had to alter its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boy

41、s and girls. Faced with weakening sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism that it was too slow to pick up on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to improve innovation. Barbie s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy

42、 aisles. Parents and many health experts have complained that too many dolls, models and even clothing companies conform to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and have pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in the

43、ir own body shapes. And some parents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes(a racecar for a son, a princess doll for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gender-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its childrens Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as

44、opposed to for boys or girls. Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half of all online sales, has banished gender distinctions for its toys.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.make Barbie look different in s

45、kin tones, eye colors and hairstylesB.cater to girls who do not look like Barbie and who play with other toysC.let a wider range of people who lose interest in Barbie like Barbie againD.let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie(2).What do some industry experts

46、and academics think of Barbie s change?（分数：2.00）A.It s too old for Barbie to vary its race and body shapes.B.The change of makeup may not make Barbie popular again.C.Barbie can not be in accordance with customer preferences.D.Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.(3).

47、Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Electronics and games tend to be less gender-specific.B.Lego will offer girls more career-oriented toys.C.Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.D.Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative appr

48、oach.(4).According to the passage, parents and many health experts_.（分数：2.00）A.complain that there are too many dolls and modelsB.think that an extremely thin body type is comfortableC.force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporationsD.hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes(5).The introduction of Disney and Amazon helps to illustrate that_.（分数：2.00）A.they try to help kids build self-confidenceB.there is no b