【考研类试卷】考研英语（二）-试卷103及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）-试卷 103及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseu

2、donymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this【C1】_ author is not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the per

3、son does not want peoples【C2】_ of the real author【C3】_ their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】_ certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more【C5】_ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】_ that women used male pseud

4、onyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their【C7】_ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the【C8】_ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circ

5、umstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】_ personal information which is protected. In some【C10】_, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】_ to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】_ seeing him fac

6、e to face. The anonymity in【C13】_ situations is however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】_ crime, some countries allow or even【C15】_ that the lawyer tell the【C16】_. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a cri

7、me, may often do this to【C17】_ their feeling more than their real intention. Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【C18】_ that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【C19】_ the organization they are critic

8、izing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】_ reasons.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.strangeB.ordinaryC.ridiculousD.famous(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.preconceptionB.worshipC.admirationD.discrimination(3).【C3】（分数：2.

9、00）A.colorB.destroyC.distinguishD.prefer(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.showB.concealC.cancelD.distain(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.funnyB.unbiasedC.freshD.straight(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.surprisingB.commonC.acknowledgedD.unbelievable(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.religionB.beliefC.ideaD.synagogue(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.possessionB.honorC.priva

10、cyD.reputation(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.requireB.disperseC.revealD.get(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.countriesB.filesC.regionsD.cases(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.cleanedB.putC.designedD.automated(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.withD.without(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confessionalB.churchC.otherD.private(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.cas

11、ualB.seriousC.mediumD.temporary(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.begB.pleadC.appealD.require(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.policeB.confessorC.bossD.priest(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.keepB.leakC.intensifyD.express(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.insultingB.importantC.forgivableD.proud(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.amongC.onD.within(20).【C20】（分数：2.

12、00）A.unknownB.strikingC.obviousD.intimate二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Warren Buffett, who on May 3rd hosts the folksy extravaganza that is Be

13、rkshire Hathaways annual shareholders meeting, is an icon of American capitalism. At 83, he also embodies a striking demographic trend: for highly skilled people to go on working well into what was once thought to be old age. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than

14、the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor that is slicing through all age groups

15、. Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. Those at the top are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom. And the well-qualified are extending their working lives, compared with those of less-educated people. The consequence

16、s, for individuals and society, are profound. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working l

17、onger. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire

18、early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with stingier defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharp

19、ly for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than their predecessors. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management expertise to creativi

20、ty, do not necessarily decline with age. This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Government budgets will be in better shape, as high earners pay taxes for longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of agei

21、ng easier to bear than other places. At the other end of the social scale, however, things look grim. Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial. Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand. Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually b

22、e transferred to the next generation via inheritance, entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, Warren Buffett hosting the folksy extravaganza at 83 indicates that_.（分数：2.00）A.the demographic development is shockingB.he is the representa

23、tive figure of American capitalismC.the highly skilled continue to work as they grow olderD.Berkshire Hathaways shareholders meeting is held once a year(2).The deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor is revealed in the following aspects EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.revenueB.

24、working livesC.working hoursD.the global population(3).If well-educated folk postponed retirement, who would be influenced?（分数：2.00）A.the unskilled youngB.the idle oldC.the working youngD.baby-boomers(4).As mentioned in Paragraph 3 and 4, which is NOT the reason of the gap between the well-educated

25、and the unskilled?（分数：2.00）A.policyB.countryC.labor skillsD.the changing nature of work(5).In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（分数：2.00）A.a vivid account of global ageingB.a detailed description of positive impactC.other possible reasons for the

26、 deepening divide in U.S.D.one likely solution such as imposing higher inheritance taxesPsychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer that question, we grouped 697 volun

27、teer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analysis, another brainstorming; others

28、emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning. Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even though we often think of those abilities as distinct. The results of our st

29、udies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others. We found the smartest teams were distinguished by three characteristics. First, th

30、eir members contributed more equally to the teams discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how well people can read complex emotional states from images of faces with only

31、the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at “mindreading“ than men. In a new study, we replicated these earlier findings. We randomly assigned each of 68 teams to

32、 complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see whether groups that worked online would still demonstrate collective intelligence, and whether soc

33、ial ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser. And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, the most important ingredients for a smart team remained constant regardless of its mode of interac

34、tion: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.some groups are really smarter than othersB.the 697 volunteer participants need to complete a series of short tasks together

35、C.the selected short tasks must have practical significanceD.logical analysis and brainstorming are important in each task(2).According to psychologists, individual intelligence_.（分数：2.00）A.is characterized by generalityB.is related to math skillsC.is not related to teamsD.is key to smarter teams(3)

36、.According to the author, the characteristics of smarter teams include all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.the members have relatively equal contribution to the teams discussionsB.the members have a higher IQC.the members have a stronger ability of reading complex facial expressionsD.there are mor

37、e female members than other teams(4).In a new study, the other half of people work online because_.（分数：2.00）A.it s necessary to ensure the accuracy of the experimentB.online collaboration is becoming more and more importantC.the experimenters want to see whether collective intelligence will be showe

38、dD.the experimenters want to prove social ability is vital to every team(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.How to Develop a Smarter TeamB.Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than OthersC.The Characteristics of Smarter TeamD.What Factors can Affect a TeamIt is no longer particularly rare fo

39、r women to be the main breadwinnerin the US a quarter of wives now earn more than their husbandsbut what is rarer is for such a relationship to work. A book published last week by the journalist Farnoosh Torabi draws together data showing just how hard it is: high-earning women have difficulty findi

40、ng a husband, and when they do, he is five times as likely to be unfaithful as other husbands. The woman will probably do more than her share of chores; though in the unusual event that he starts ironing and cooking, he is likely to end his marriage. Either way, divorce beckons. The majority of peop

41、le, even very young couples, still seem to be in relationships where the man makes more. One fiercely clever young man says his equally clever feminist girlfriend has told him she could never marry a man who earned less as she didn t fancy a life spent propping up his ego. One male colleague says hi

42、s wifes habit of making a lot was a godsend for him as he loves money but is too lazy to make much himself. More commonly it comes when the man s professional ego is not measured in money. Various men at the FT(Financiai Times) have wives earning a fortune in the city, freeing them to be relatively

43、poorly paid hacks. Within the marriage there is the understanding that his career matters as muchif not morethan hers. In the same way, some female journalists support men who are musicians and designers, who love what they do, and (in the best cases) are also happy to take the lead in bringing up t

44、he children. The most interesting cases are when both started together in a similar industry but over the years the woman has overtaken the man. Most of these seem to end badly. But one successful male journalist explained how he had overcome the problem of having an even more successful wife. “Its

45、the Piketty debate, isnt it? What matters mostinequality, or overall living standards?“ In the interests of the latter, he has wisely refused to feel any resentment and instead declares himself utterly proud of his wife.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 1?（分数：2.

46、00）A.Today, its common for a woman to be the main breadwinner.B.The husband of high-earning woman is more likely to be unfaithful.C.In the US, half of wives earn more than their husbands.D.Many men are difficult to live with a successful wife.(2).Women are unwilling to marry a man who earns less tha

47、n her because such a man_.（分数：2.00）A.cant support herB.has nothing in common with herC.is easily hurtD.tends to be more conservative(3).The case of “one male colleague“ demonstrates that_.（分数：2.00）A.some men wish to marry a rich womanB.some men are enjoyable to do houseworkC.a successful wife is mor

48、e helpful to her husbandD.a successful wife is more tolerate(4).According to the journalist, how should a man face the more successful wife?（分数：2.00）A.He should try his best to maintain the equality between couples.B.He should learn to appreciate his successful wife.C.He should keep the balance between work and life.D.He should learn to express his dissatisfaction in right way.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.today its still hard