【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷165及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 165 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Alan “Ace“ Greenberg chose his nickname to improve his chances with girls at the Univ

2、ersity of Missouri. But it is an apt (1)_ of his wading skills on Wall Street. This week, as the 73-year-old (2)_ down (3)_ chairman of Bear Stearns, the investment bank where he has worked since 1949 is in a high. It (4)_ an increase in post-tax profits in the second quarter of 43% on a year earlie

3、r, (5)_ a time when many of its Wall Street rivals have (6)_. On June 26th Merrill Lynch (7)_ a warning that its profits in the second quarter would fall by half, far (8)_ of expectations. Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have also reported lower profits. Strange that this surprised. (9)_ Alan Green

4、span“s frenetic cuts (10)_ interest rates, times are good for underwriters and waders of bonds, core activities for Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, (11)_ also recorded a sharp increase in profits. It has been a terrible (12)_ for equity underwriters and for advisers on the small amounts of mergers

5、 and acquisitions (MA) this year. Merrill, Goldman and Morgan Stanley are three of the investment banks that gained (13)_ during the boom in equity and MA business, and they are now (14)_ the most. Of the three, Merrill is weakest in bonds. It cut (15)_ its fixed-income activities after the collapse

6、 of Lung-Term Capital Management (LTCM) in 1998. As it happens, both Bear Stearns and Lehman have long been criticised for their weakness in equities. Mr. Greenberg is famous for worrying about even the price of a paper-clip at Bear Stearns. This used to seem terribly (16)_,but these days other Wall

7、 Street firms are (17)_ about costs. Lay-offs are (18)_ though not yet alarminglynot least, because banks saw how Merrill Lynch lost (19)_ when the markets rebounded quickly after the LTCM crisis. Still, if few (20)_ of improvement show soon, expect real blood-letting on Wall Street.（分数：40.00）A.cove

8、rB.encapsulationC.jacketD.shellA.goesB.comesC.stridesD.stepsA.beB.beingC.asD.to beA.recordedB.loggedC.chronicledD.notedA.duringB.atC.onD.inA.stumbledB.slipC.blunderedD.creptA.deliveredB.distributedC.conveyedD.issuedA.outB.lackingC.lackD.shortA.Because ofB.BecauseC.SinceD.ForA.atB.inC.onD.uponA.whoB.

9、whatC.whomD.whichA.timeB.ageC.epochD.eraA.mostB.muchC.a lotD.a great dealA.lostB.losingC.sufferingD.sufferedA.downB.backC.offD.outA.unnecessaryB.unreasonableC.unpopularD.unfashionableA.obsessedB.worriedC.sufferedD.tormentedA.decreasedB.increasedC.increasingD.decreasingA.fieldB.groundC.futureD.hopeA.

10、signalsB.symbolC.signsD.symptom二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It is commonly supposed that the health of Long Island Sound is chiefly the respo

11、nsibility of the shoreline communities in Long Island, Westchester County and Connecticut. This is largely true. It is also true, however, that New York City has long been a major contributor to the environmental ills that torture this noblest of American estuaries. The main reason is four old munic

12、ipal sewage treatment plants on the East River. Every day of every year, these plants deposit hundreds of thousands of gallons of partly treated wastewater into the river, which then, with tidal certainty, propels the polluted water into the Sound itself The most damaging of the pollutants leaving t

13、he plants is nitrogenuseful as a fertilizer on land but, in sufficient quantities, fatal to bodies of water like the Sound, where it stimulates the growth of bacteria and algae and robs the water of oxygen. This condition is known as hypoxia, and it suppresses marine life. Roughly half the nitrogen

14、comes from treatment plants and other sources in about 80 shoreline communities, the other half comes from the New York City plants. It is thus cause for great celebration that the city agreed last week to settle a longstanding legal action and spend at least $700 million to upgrade these four plant

15、s, cutting their nitrogen output by nearly 60 percent by 2017. Audubon New York, a leader among the environmental groups that helped shape the agreement and move it forward, when negotiations seemed to falter, called the agreement an historic moment in the struggle to restore the Sound to good healt

16、h. In retrospect, the most important moment in that struggle the moment from which all else has flowed, including last week“s agreementcame m 1994, when New York and Connecticut. after sustained pressure from the federal Environmental Protection Agency, approved a comprehensive plan to clean up the

17、Sound. The city“s main responsibility was to modernize its sewage treatment plants. The Giuliani administration left the bulk of the task to Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Alarmed by the project“s estimated $1.3 billion price tag, Mr. Bloomberg dispatched Christopher Ward, then the environmental commissio

18、ner, to Europe and elsewhere to find new, more cost-efficient waste treatment technologies. In due course, Mr. Ward and his counterpart in Albany, Erin Crotty, reached an agreement in principle to reform the plants at well under the original cost. Mr. Ward and Ms. Crotty left public service, but aft

19、er further debating aimed partly at ensuring that future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal, and after further prodding by Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, their successors. Emily Lloyd and Denise Sheehan, brought the matter to a close. This does not mean the Sound is no longer at

20、risk. The Sound passes through the densest population corridor in the country, and will remain forever stressed by the 20 million people who live within 50 miles of its shores. Thus the shoreline communities in Long Island, Westchester and Connecticut must do more than ever to contain pollution.（分数：

21、10.00）(1).The following units are responsible for the health of Long Island Sound EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.the shoreline community in Long IslandB.the shoreline community of Westchester CountyC.the shoreline community of ConnecticutD.the shoreline community of New York city(2).What is probably the meaning

22、 of “falter“(Para.4)?（分数：2.00）A.succeedB.finishC.stumbleD.fall(3).According to the text, the following statements about nitrogen are true EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.nitrogen suppresses marine lifeB.nitrogen is a fertilizer Which helps plants growC.nitrogen in large quantities is fatal to bodies of waterD.ni

23、trogen can rob water of oxygen(4).The modernization of the sewage treatment plants was finished by_.（分数：2.00）A.Mr. BloombergB.Emily Lloyd and Denise SheehanC.Mr. WardD.Attorney General Eliot Spitzer(5).Why the author suggests that the shoreline communities do more than ever to solve pollution proble

24、m?（分数：2.00）A.Because the agreement has not been reachedB.Because people living along the shoreline will pollute the water.C.Because the future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal.D.Because Mr. Ward and Ms. Crotty left public service.Are burgers and fries a product of the profound s

25、ocial changes of the past 50 years, or were they to a large extent responsible for them? The author of this diatribe against multinational restaurant brands opts for the latter explanation. “There is nothing inevitable about the fast food nation that surrounds us“, he concludes. “The triumph of McDo

26、nald“s and its imitators was by no means pre-ordained“. But it happened nevertheless and in his view, it is to be blamed for many of the evils of modern America and their global spread. The emergence of the corporate colossus, followed inexorably by its deionization, is a familiar pattern in America

27、n business history. The modern phenomenon of fast food originated in California just before the Second World War. Its first manifestation was kerb service, with meals delivered to motorists by handsome young carhops. Richard and Maurice McDonald, who ran a drive-in burger bar in San Bernardino near

28、Los Angeles, became tired of having constantly to replace their carhops and wash up crockery and dishes. In 1948 they decided to make customers serve themselves, while restricting the menu to items that could be prepared by unskilled cooks and eaten without plates, knives or forks. The McDonald brot

29、hers were soon bought out by the entrepreneurial Ray Kroc, who franchised their name and techniques so successfully that there is now scarcely a comer of the world that is free from their trademark golden arches, invariably spawning a cluster of rival chains selling hamburgers, pizzas, or fried chic

30、ken, handed out by smiling teenagers willing to accept minimal pay. They are cheap, cheerful, popular, and children love them. So just what is Mr. Schlosser“s beef? Apart from his nutritional reservationstoo much fat, salt and sugarhe proves how. as the chains expanded, they were able to dictate ter

31、ms to the suppliers of potatoes and ground beef, their staple ingredients. This caused an upheaval in agribusiness, as a few large suppliers quickly forced less efficient producers out of the market. The drive to keep down costs and increase the speed of production led to the employment of cheap uns

32、killed labor and. to the widespread toleration of dangerous and unhygienic practices among growers and processors, which regulatory bodies have failed to police. Mr. Schlosser, who is a skillful and persuasive investigative reporter, sees all this as a damaging corruption of the free market. He is e

33、specially angered by promotional techniques aimed at impressionable children. A 1997 giveaway of Teenie Beanie Babies increased the sale of McDonalds“ Happy Meals from 10m a week to 10m a day. And a survey found that 96% of American schoolchildren could identify Ronald McDonald, the chain“s mascot.

34、Only Santa Claus scored higher.（分数：10.00）(1).From the example of McDonald the author concludes that_.（分数：2.00）A.the fast food is the great social change of the past 50 yearsB.the success of multinational brands was destinedC.the corporate deionization contributed to some social changesD.McDonald is

35、popular in America(2).The word “kerb service“(Para. 2) equates to_.（分数：2.00）A.restaurants“ serviceB.motor serviceC.family serviceD.roadside service(3).The author airs Mr. Schlosser“s opinion in the second paragraph in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.list the nutritional reservationB.support the proper termsC.a

36、sk the police to regulate the productive processD.criticize fast-food for its negative effects(4).Which one of the following aspects of McDonald“s does Mr. Schlosser detest most?（分数：2.00）A.nutritional reservationB.management modelC.promotion methods to childrenD.marketing strategy(5).The author“s at

37、titude towards McDonald is_.（分数：2.00）A.appreciativeB.criticalC.indifferentD.neutralThe number of city schools put on a list for strict scrutiny by the state for poor academic performance went up slightly this year and the number of city schools taken off the list by showing improvement dropped, the

38、state“s commissioner of education announced yesterday. Ten city schoolsnow at risk of being shut downwere added to the list of Schools Under Registration Review, known as SURR, bringing the total in the city m 40. Statewide. 61 schools are under review, said the commissioner, Richard Mills. The addi

39、tion of 10 city schools reverses what had been a trend in the past few years: the number of schools on the list had been falling. There were 55 schools in 2003, 46 in 2004 and 35 last year, an all-time low. But this year a new factor was at work: The state raised the level of performance required to

40、 pass its standards. In addition, 6 of the 10 newly named schools are middle schoolsand those schools have for years confounded educators by resisting the improvements that have worked in lower grades and even in high schools. Three city schools were removed from the list this year for improvement i

41、n academic performance, but that number was significantly lower than the number removed in each of the past several years. For instance, 16 schools were taken off the list last year. Schools Chancellor Joel I. Klein observed that the number of endangered schools still remains at a near-record low. “

42、Nevertheless, we cannot accept failing performance by any of our schools for any reason“, he said. “If a school proves incapable of providing a high-quality education m our students despite efforts to improve it, it will be closed“. He said 8 of the 40 schools that have been on the list were schedul

43、ed m be closed this year and 5 more will be closed next year. The state also expanded its review process for the first time this year m District 75, which covers special education schools, and one District 75 school, Public School 12 in the Bronx, was put on the list. Despite the additions, Mr. Mill

44、s said he was pleased. “I think it“s impressive since we have been rinsing the bar“, he said. “The city has essentially been staying ahead of a moving locomotive“. Elsewhere in the state, three schools in Buffalo and two in Syracuse were added to the list. The 10 New York City schools on the list ar

45、e Legacy School for Integrated Studies in Manhattan; P.S. 220, P.S. 12, Junior High School 123 and Middle School 302 in the Bronx; J.H.S. 265. J.H.S. 57, M.S. 143, Intermediate School 291 and P.S. 12 in Brooklyn. The three schools removed from the list are P.S. 140 in the Bronx. Repertory Company Hi

46、gh School in Manhattan and EBC/ENY High School for Public Safety and Law in Brooklyn.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.presenting a phenomenonC.justifying an assumptionD.making a comparison(2).From the first 2 paragraphs, we can

47、 learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.the present trend is that the number of schools on the list is fallingB.there are more schools which shake off the bad reputation this yearC.the trend this year is not the same as that of past few yearsD.the review is not reliable(3).The “new factor“ in the third paragraph re

48、fers that_.（分数：2.00）A.more middle schools are put on the listB.the standard of review is higherC.schools resist to improve themselvesD.schools confounded educators for years(4).Schools Chancellor“s words imply that_.（分数：2.00）A.all the schools on the list should be closedB.a school“s performance is the only standard of further existenceC.any school shouldn“t find any excuse for themselvesD.he has the final word(5).From the text we can conclude that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.is suppo