2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（辽宁卷）英语.docx

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1、 第 1 页（ 共 15 页） 2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 （ 辽宁卷 ） 英 语 第二部分阅读理解 （共两节，满分 60 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题 ; 每小题 3 分，满分 45 分） 阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的四个选项（ A 、 B 、 C 和 D ）中 ，选出最佳选项。 A A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑） . Students are increasi

2、ngly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度） . But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught. Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make not

3、es “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their abi

4、lity to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts. The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.

5、The researchers report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.” In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This tim

6、e, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam. These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future. 21. More and more students favor laptops

7、for note-taking because they can . A. write more notes B. digest concepts better C. get higher scores D. understand lectures better 22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be . A. skillful B. mindless C. thoughtful D. tireless 23. The author of the passage aims to . A.examine the importance of

8、long-term memory B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C.explain the process of taking notes 第 2 页（ 共 15 页） D.promote the use of laptops 24. The passage is likely to appear in . A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook C. a science magazine D. a finance report 【文章大意】作者在本文中讲述了一次实验

9、:使用笔记本电脑记笔记和手动记笔记的学生进行对比。结果发现手动记笔记的学生表现更好，告诉我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。 21.【答案】 A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第二段第一句 Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度） .可知学生越来越多使用电脑记笔记是因为速度和清晰度。也就是说使用笔记本电脑记笔记速度更快，可以记录更多的内容。故 A 正确。 22. 【答案】 B 【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段 Researchers performed

10、 experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.研究人们做实验是为了发现使用笔记本电脑记笔记是否会让人处于一种无意识的状态之中，只是机械地输入。而实验结果说明用笔记本记录的学生表现不如使用钢笔记录的人。说明使用笔记本记录的确会让人有 mindless 的感觉。故 B 正确。 23. 【答案】 B 【试题解析】 推理题。根

11、据文章最后一段 These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，也就说本文强调我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。故 B正确。 24. 【答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理题。本文通过讲述一个实验结论告诉我们手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，学生的表现比使用

12、电脑记笔记更好。不会是广告，电脑教科书也不会是金融报告，这属于教学类的科学研究。故 C 正确。 B (Q = Question; A = Answer) Situation I Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move? A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you, so he may miss you

13、r annoyance. You undoubtedly arent the first person hes met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show. Situation II Q: If 1 use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something? A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If

14、so, you dont have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you arc a customer, and you should act like one. Situation III Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down? A: No. Try oth

15、er means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion（动作） and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him. Situation IV 第 3 页（ 共 15 页） Q: If I remember my friends birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothi

16、ng happened? A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.” Situation V Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond to it? A: Dont lie. Rece

17、iving a text does not mean you need to respond(回复 ) to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you dont respond. 25. You will get annoyed in a theater when _ . A. a person is too active B. a person

18、 is too rude to you C. a person talks too loudly D.a person sits too close to you 26. How will you quiet someone down in a public place? A. By making fun of him continuously. B. By looking purposefully at him. C. By talking to him directly. D. By pointing angrily at him. 27. The underlined word “bel

19、ated” in Situation IV probably means . A. predicted B. returned C. cancelled D. delayed 28. What is the passage mainly about? A. Modern ways to mind your manners. B. Different ways to change others manners. C. Proper manners to offer help to others. D.Good manners to talk to people. 【文章大意】本文中列举了在 5

20、种不同的情况下，如何表现得有礼貌的方法。 25. 【答案】 D 【试题解析】推理题。根据 Situation I 中的 Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move? A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you。可知在电影院里，如果有人坐得理你太近，这也许会是一件让人恼怒的事情。故 D 正确。 26. 【答

21、案】 B 【试题解析】细节题。根据 Situation III 中的 Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down 可知如果一个人讲话声音太大，你可以瞪着他看，直到他意识到为止。故 B 正确。 27. 【答案】 D 【试题解析】猜测词义题。根据 Situation IV 中 If I remember my friends birthday a day late, 和 This is the reason why the word belated was invented.可知这是在你忘记了对方的生日之后的补救措施。故该词应该是指

22、“delayed”迟到的，晚来的。故 D 正确。 28. 【答案】 A 【 试题解析】主旨大意题。本文中列举了在 5 种不同的情况下，如何表现得有礼貌的方法。故 A 正确。 第 4 页（ 共 15 页） C Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation? UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex

23、than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”

24、. Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元） in our brain

25、s, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all. Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to

26、grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest. “We didnt take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young tree

27、s before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 29. The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees . A. c

28、ompete for survival B. protect their own wealth C. depend on each other D. provide support for dying trees 30. “Mother trees” are extremely important because they . A. look the largest in size in the forest B. pass on nutrition to young trees C. seem more likely to be cut down by humans D. know more

29、 about the complex “tree societies” 31. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to . A. how “tree societies” work B. how trees grow old C. how forestry industry develops D. how young trees survive 32. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B.

30、 Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C. Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D. Trees Contribute To Our Society 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了森立的树木会通过 “tree societies”把自己的财富交给下一代。并详细说明了这一发现的具体内容。 29. 【答案】 C 【试题解析】推理题。根据本句 Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard

31、 shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: 可知达尔文认为树是相互竞争以获得 第 5 页（ 共 15 页） 生存。但是 Simard 的实验发现达尔文是错误的。实际上：与达尔文的理论相反的观点是正确的。也就是说树不是竞争生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下来 的。故 C 正确。 30. 【答案】 B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第四段 Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other

32、trees depend.可知 “mother trees”通常都是其他的树依赖的大树，它承担这向小树输送养料的作用。 ACD 三项都是片面的理解。故 B 正确。 31. 【答案】 A 【试题解析】推理题。根据第四段最后三行和最后一段第一行 When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the

33、entire forest. “We didnt take any notice of it.”当人们意识不到这种复杂的 “tree societies”情况下砍倒了 mother trees，我们就减少了整个森林幸存的机会。最后一段第一句中的 it 就是指 complex “tree societies”。故 A 正确。 32. 【答案】 C 【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段 Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their

34、wealth to the next generation?可知树和动物一样，能够把自己的财富交个下一代。这 比人们原来的看法完全不一样，树比我们认为地更聪明。故 C 正确。 D Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees（雇员） and profits (利润 ) of over $2 million per year. Hes never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees st

35、arted crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.” Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program t

36、hat began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（情绪） .Most importantly, it taught him willpower. At the center of that

37、 education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person s success. And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control arent worki

38、ng hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.” The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Manager

39、s wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year. 33.We learn from Paragraph 2 that emplo

40、yees in G&G must . A. learn to give lectures B. attend education programs C. design a working uniform D. develop a common hobby 34. Willpower will become a habit when employees can . A. focus on the profits B. benefit from the job C. protect themselves well 第 6 页（ 共 15 页） D. control their feelings w

41、ell 35.What can we infer from the passage? A. G&G has grown into a large company. B. G&G will spend half its profits training employees. C. G&G may become more successful in the future. D. G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers. 【文章大意】本文通过 G&G 的培训课程告诉我们人的意志力是我们是否能够取得成功的关键。 33. 【答案】 B 【试题解析】推

42、理题。根据文章第二段 1,2 行 Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation.可知 G&G的培训课程在新员工入职第一天就开始了，而且在贯穿 与员工的工作之中。也就是说 G&G 的员工都得参加这样的培训课程。故 B 正确。 34. 【答案】 D 【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段 1,2 行 And the best w

43、ay to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic 可知加强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。有时候有很强自我控制里的人工作并不努力，你是因为他们还没有把自我控制当成一种习惯。也就是说当人们能够很好地控制我们的感情时，我们就会让意志力成为习惯。我们就能表现得很好。故 D 正确。 35. 【答案】 C

44、 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句 The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control.和 最后一句 Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a yea

45、r.可知这家公司在培训员工方面花了很多钱，而且也让公司发展得很好，也正是因为在员工培训方面的投入很大，所以他们可能在未来会取得更大的成功。故 C 正确。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Ameri

46、cans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight: Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good

47、 news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses. Protect against UV rays(紫外线 ). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 Give your eyes a break. Two

48、-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素 ) C and E