【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-43及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.（分数：2.00）A.being settledB.to be settledC.had settledD.as settled2.The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of tra

2、vel.（分数：2.00）A.has witnessedB.was witnessedC.witnessedD.is witnessed3.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied _.（分数：2.00）A.originallyB.extremelyC.violentlyD.intensively4.He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad.（分数：2.00）A.of having spentB.to have spentC.of being

3、 spentD.to spend5.As a result of careless washing the jacket _ to a childs size.（分数：2.00）A.compressedB.shrankC.droppedD.decreased6.Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.（分数：2.00）A.there being a chanceB.there to be a chanceC.there be a chanceD.being a chance7.The girl will not bec

4、ome a nurse because she will faint at the _ of blood.（分数：2.00）A.visionB.eyesC.sightD.view8.Hes only got one shirt because all the rest _ being washed.（分数：2.00）A.is to beB.IsC.will beD.are9.Frequently single-parent children _ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.

5、（分数：2.00）A.take offB.take afterC.take inD.take on10.Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _ to the health service.（分数：2.00）A.assessmentB.assignmentC.exceptionD.access二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)It is hard to track the blue whale, the oceans largest creature, which has almost be

6、en killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to tra

7、ck a particular blue whale for 33 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navys formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as th

8、e Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) f

9、or the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second- slower than through land but faster than through air. W

10、hat is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patients chest to a doctors ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especiall

11、y low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is chiefly about _.（分数：2.00）A.an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB.the civilian use of a military detection systemC.the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD.a new way to look into the behavior of

12、blue whales(2).The underwater listening system was originally designed _.（分数：2.00）A.to trace and locate enemy vesselsB.to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC.to study the movement of ocean currentsD.to replace the global radio communications network(3).The deep-sea listening system makes use of _.（

13、分数：2.00）A.the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB.the capability of sound to travel at high speedC.the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD.low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（

14、分数：2.00）A.new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB.blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC.opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD.military technology has great potent

15、ial in civilian use(5).Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?（分数：2.00）A.It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B.It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C.It became useless to the military after the cold war.D.It is indispensable in protec

16、ting endangered species.President Coolidges statement, The business of America is business,“ still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions pos

17、sess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected.

18、Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, al

19、l-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they canno

20、t afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elec

21、ted by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity.Competition is seen as an open and

22、fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rathe

23、r than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means“ _“.（分数：2.00）A.The business institutions in America are concerned withB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of prim

24、ary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business(2).Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _.（分数：2.00）A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition(3).Who can benefit from bu

25、siness competition?（分数：2.00）A.Honest businessmen.B.Both businessmen and their customers.C.People with ideals of equality and freedom.D.Both business institutions and government.(4).Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by _.（分数：2.00）A.its absol

26、ute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _.（分数：2.00）A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in ma

27、ny countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in AmericaBrazil has become one of the developing worlds great successes at reducing population growth-but mo

28、re by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazils population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981

29、and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and instalment (分期付款) p

30、lans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one

31、 hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values- not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women workin

32、g,“ says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.“Meanwhile, the instalment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This 1ed to an enormous change in

33、consumption patterns and consumption was in compatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction,“ says Martine.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth _.（分数：2.00）A.by educating its citizensB.by careful family planningC.by developing TV programmesD.by chance(2).Acc

34、ording to the passage, many Third World countries _.（分数：2.00）A.havent attached much importance to birth controlB.would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC.havent yet found an effective measure to control their populationD.neglected the role of TV plays in family planning(3).The phrase

35、“puts it down to“ (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to“ _“.（分数：2.00）A.attributes it toB.sums it up asC.finds it a reason forD.compares it to(4).Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazils birth rate because _.（分数：2.00）A.they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB.they have gradually chang

36、ed peoples way of lifeC.people are drawn to their attractive packageD.they popularize birth control measures(5).What is Martines conclusion about Brazils population growth?（分数：2.00）A.The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B.The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C.Consump

37、tion patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.D.A countrys production is limited by its population growth.According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)“than at

38、any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.“ It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accountin

39、g.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her

40、 college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for ou

41、r understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.We

42、ekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I s

43、aw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“From the long-term point of view, thats what e

44、ducation really ought to be about.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the authors observation, college students _.（分数：2.00）A.have never been so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in the artsC.have never been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to mutual

45、 sense(2).The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.the influences of their instructorsB.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretations of the coursesD.their understanding of the contributions of others(3).By saying “While its true that be t

46、hey scientific or artistic“ ( Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC.human intellectual development has reached new heightsD.the importance of a broad educa

47、tion should not be overlooked(4).Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _.（分数：2.00）A.create varying artistic interestsB.help people see things in their right perspectiveC.help improve connections among peopleD.regulate the behavior of modern people(5).Which of the following statements is true acc

48、ording to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C.People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Ind

49、ustrial safety does not just happen. CompaniesU (31) /Ulow accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep themU (32) /Uand active. When the work is well done, aU (33) /Uof accident-free operations is establishedU (34) /Utime lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs mayU (35) /Ugreatly in the emp